Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Bie, AS 2015, 'The mitochondrial chaperonin complex Hsp60/Hsp10: Identification of Hsp60 client proteins and investigations of a mutation in HSPE1'.

Lutz, S & Ellegaard, C 2015, 'The mobilization of supplier resources for complex projects: A case study of routines in the off-shore wind turbine industry', Australasian Marketing Journal, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 107-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2015.04.005

Iosifidis, A, Marami, E, Tefas, A, Pitas, I & Lyroudia, K 2015, 'The MOBISERV-AIIA Eating and Drinking multi-view database for vision-based assisted living', Journal of Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 254-273. <http://bit.kuas.edu.tw/~jihmsp/2015/vol6/JIH-MSP-2015-02-008.pdf>

Hammershøj, LG 2015, The Model as Site of Inspiration. <http://uk.arken.dk/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/palle-nielsen-modellen-uk_with-active-links.pdf>

New, LF, Hall, AJ, Harcourt, R, Kaufman, G, Parsons, ECM, Pearson, HC, Cosentino, AM & Schick, RS 2015, 'The modelling and assessment of whale-watching impacts', Ocean and Coastal Management, vol. 115, pp. 10-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.04.006

Noziere, B, Kalberer, M, Claeys, M, Allan, J, D'Anna, B, Decesari, S, Finessi, E, Glasius, M, Grgic, I, Hamilton, JF, Hoffmann, T, Iinuma, Y, Jaoui, M, Kahnt, A, Kampf, CJ, Kourtchev, I, Maenhaut, W, Marsden, N, Saarikoski, S, Schnelle-Kreis, J, Surratt, JD, Szidat, S, Szmigielski, R & Wisthaler, A 2015, 'The Molecular Identification of Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere: State of the Art and Challenges', Chemical Reviews, vol. 115, no. 10, pp. 3919-3983. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5003485

Poulsen, B 2015, The Mosaics of the Salmakis Fountain in Halikarnassos. in G Trovabene (ed.), Atti XII Colloquio AIEMA. scripta Edizioni Verona, Verona, pp. 367-372.

Feis, M, Thieltges, DW, Jensen, KT, Olsen, JL, de Montaudouin, X, Bazaïri, H, Culloty, SC & Luttikhuizen, PC 2015, 'The most vagile host as the main determinant of population connectivity in marine macroparasites', Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol. 520, pp. 85-99. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11096

Verhees, B, Raven, R, Habisch, A & Thøgersen, J 2015 'The Multi-Level Perspective and its Relevance for EU-InnovatE - A WP1 Interim Report'.

Risager, BS 2015, 'The Multiple Geographies of Protest in Times of Crisis and Austerity: The Blockupy Movement’s 'Resistance in the Heart of the European Crisis Regime'', Paper presented at Studying Social Movements against EU Austerity, Roskilde, Denmark, 07/05/2015 - 08/05/2015.

Skewes, L 2015, 'The Multiplicity of Gender: Challenging The Binary Gender Perception', Anglo files : journal of English teaching, no. 178, pp. 50-55.

Tsing, A 2015, 'The mushroom at the end of the world', Paper presented at Annette Weiner lecture, New York, United States, 16/04/2015.

Tsing, A 2015, The Mushroom at the End of the World: On the Possibility of Life in Capitalist Ruins. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.

Riisgård, HU, Funch, P & Larsen, PS 2015, 'The mussel filter-pump - present understanding, with a reexamination of gill preparations', Acta Zoologica, vol. 96, no. 3, pp. 273-282. https://doi.org/10.1111/azo.12110

Agger, P, Lakshminrusimha, S, Laustsen, C, Gugino, S, Frandsen, J , Smerup, MH, Anderson, RH, Hjortdal, VE & Steinhorn, RH 2015, 'The Myocardial Architecture Changes due to Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn in an Ovine Animal Model', Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine, vol. 79, no. 4, pp. 565-74.

Agger, P, Lakshminrusimha, S, Laustsen, C, Gugino, S, Frandsen, J , Smerup, MH, Anderson, RH, Hjortdal, V & Steinhorn, RH 2015, 'The Myocardial Architecture changes in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn in an Ovine Animal Model', Pediatric Research. https://doi.org/10.1038/pr.2015.263

Pedersen, VK 2015, The mystery of the Norwegian mountains. <http://www.climatesnack.com/2015/02/25/the-mystery-of-the-norwegian-mountains/>

Katznelson, RD & Howells, J 2015, 'The myth of the early aviation patent hold-up: How a U.S. Government monoposony commandeered pioneer airplane patents', Industrial and Corporate Change, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1-64. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtu003

Frahm, H , Hansen, SK , Vad, BS , Nielsen, EH , Nielsen, JT , Vosegaard, T , Skrydstrup, T & Otzen, DE 2015, 'The natural, peptaibolic peptide SPF-5506-A4 adopts a β-bend spiral structure, shows low hemolytic activity and targets membranes through formation of large pores', Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics, vol. 1854, no. 8, pp. 882-889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.03.003

Jacobsen, KM , Keiding, U , Clement, LL , Schaffert, ES, Rambaruth, N, Johannsen, M, Drickamer, K & Poulsen, T 2015, 'The Natural Product Brartemicin is a High Affinity Ligand for the Carbohydrate-Recognition Domain of the Macrophage Receptor Mincle', MedChemComm, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 647-652. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4md00512k, https://doi.org/10.1039/C4MD00512K

Kølvraa, CL & Forchtner, B 2015, 'The Nature of Nationalism: Populist Radical Right Parties on Countryside and Climate', Nature and Culture, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 199-224. https://doi.org/10.3167/nc.2015.100204

Papakostas, GI, Østergaard, SD & Iovieno, N 2015, 'The nature of placebo response in clinical studies of major depressive disorder', The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 456-466. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.14r09297

Andresen, KJ , Clausen, OR, Hansen, JPV & Huuse, M 2015, 'The near-Top Oligocene unconformity in the Norwegian-Danish Basin', European Geophysical Union General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13/04/2015 - 17/04/2015. <http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-12049.pdf>

Borras, JM, Lievens, Y & Grau, C 2015, 'The need for radiotherapy in Europe in 2020. Not only data but also a cancer plan', Acta Oncologica, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 1268-74. https://doi.org/10.3109/0284186X.2015.1062139

Peronard, J-P 2015, The Networked Spectacle: Communication and the challenges of delivering inter-firm customer experience. in Book of Abstract. Recent Advances in Retailing & Service Science Conference, Montreal, Canada, 27/07/2015.

Bruun, H 2015, 'The new communicative ethos of the political debate talk show in Danish multi-platform public service television', International Journal of Digital Television, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 25-41. https://doi.org/10.1386/jdtv.6.1.25_1

Ringgaard, D 2015, The Newest Place is a BMW X3 in Lagos: Contemporary Notes on Marc Augé's Non-lieux. in M Gebauer o.a., H Thorsøe Nielsen, JT Schlosser & B Sørensen (eds), Non-Place: Representing Placelessness in Literature, Media and Culture. Aalborg Universitetsforlag, Interdisciplinære kulturstudier, vol. 7, pp. 33-50.

Heinemeier, J , Olsen, J, Klein, M & Mous, D 2015, 'The new extended HVE 1 MV multi-element AMS system for low background installed at the Aarhus AMS Dating Centre', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol. 361, pp. 143-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2015.05.039

Edgren, G, Rostgaard, K, Vasan, SK, Wikman, A, Norda, R, Pedersen, OB, Erikstrup, C, Nielsen, KR, Titlestad, K, Ullum, H, Melbye, M, Nyrén, O & Hjalgrim, H 2015, 'The new Scandinavian Donations and Transfusions database (SCANDAT2): a blood safety resource with added versatility', Transfusion, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 1600-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.12986

Massling, A , Bossi, R , Nøjgaard, JK , Sørensen, LL , Jensen, B , Nielsen, IE, Rasch, M & Skov, H 2015, 'The new Villum Research Station (VRS) at Station Nord, North Greenland', NOSA-FAAR Symposium 2015, Kuopio, Finland, 12/03/2015 - 13/03/2015.

Bueno, O, Busch, J & Shalkowski, S 2015, 'The No-Category Ontology', The Monist, vol. 98 , no. 3, pp. 233-245. https://doi.org/10.1093/monist/onv014

Cort, P & Larson, A 2015, 'The non-shock of PIAAC: tracing the discursive effect of PIAAC in Denmark', European Educational Research Journal, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 531-548. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474904115611677

Grøn, CH 2015, The Nordic countries and the European Commission. in The Nordic Countries and the European Union: Still the Other European Community?. Taylor and Francis Inc., pp. 68-83. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315726335

Grøn, CH, Nedergaard, P & Wivel, A 2015, The Nordic countries and the European Union: Still the other European community? Taylor and Francis Inc. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315726335

Andersen, TM 2015 'The Nordic welfare model and welfare services - Can we maintain acceptable standards?' Economics Working Papers, no. 2015-02, Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus.

Hilson, M & Newby, AG 2015, The Nordic Welfare Model in Norway and Scotland. in J Bryden, L Riddoch & O Brox (eds), Northern Neighbours: Scotland and Norway since 1800. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 211-229.

Wiberg, M 2015, 'The normative aspect of Learning', ECER, Hungary, 08/09/2015 - 11/09/2015.

Rasmussen, TL , Clausen, OR , Andresen, KJ & Goledowski, B 2015, 'The Norwegian-Danish Basin: A key to understanding the Cenozoic in the eastern North Sea', European Geophysical Union General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13/04/2015 - 17/04/2015. <http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2015/EGU2015-4895.pdf>

Andersen, MN , Andersen, NF , Rødgaard-Hansen, S , Hokland, M , Abildgaard, N & Møller, HJ 2015, 'The novel biomarker of alternative macrophage activation, soluble mannose receptor (sMR/sCD206): Implications in multiple myeloma', Leukemia Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leukres.2015.06.003

Christiansen, MH & Chater, N 2015, 'The Now-or-Never bottleneck: a fundamental constraint on language', Behavioral and Brain Sciences, vol. 39, e62, pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X1500031X

Schmid, M , Olszewski, P, Pelechano, V, Gupta, I, Steinmetz, LM & Jensen, TH 2015, 'The Nuclear PolyA-Binding Protein Nab2p Is Essential for mRNA Production', Cell Reports, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 128-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.008

Schmid, JM , Dahl, R & Hoffmann, HJ 2015, 'The number of FceRI receptors on basophils decreases during subcutaneous immunotherapy', Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 70, pp. 198-198.

Ball, BC, Batey, T, Munkholm, LJ, Guimaraes, RML, Boizard, H, McKenzie, DC, Peigné, J, Tormena, CA & Hargreaves, P 2015, 'The numeric visual evaluation of subsoil structure (SubVESS) under agricultural production', Soil & Tillage Research, vol. 148, pp. 85-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.12.005

Nickelsen, NCM & Elkjær, B 2015, 'The nurse as paradoxically accountable case manager: shifting tasks and boundaries in telemedicine', Paper presented at Researching Work & Learning, Singapore, Singapore, 09/12/2015 - 12/12/2015. <http://www.rwl2015.com/abstracts-01.html>

Abdelmalak, MM, Andersen, TB, Planke, S, Faleide, JI, Corfu, F, Tegner, C, Shephard, GE, Zastrozhnov, D & Myklebust, R 2015, 'The ocean-continent transition in the mid-Norwegian margin: Insight from seismic data and an onshore Caledonian field analogue', Geology, vol. 43, no. 11, pp. 1011-1014. https://doi.org/10.1130/G37086.1

van Hartevelt, TJ & Kringelbach, ML 2015, The Olfactory Cortex. in AW Toga (ed.), Brain Mapping. Academic Press, pp. 347-355. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397025-1.00235-9

Sandquist, EL, Jessen-Hansen, J, Shetrone, MD, Brogaard, K, Meibom, S, Leitner, M, Stello, D, Orosz, JA, Grundahl, F & Frandsen, S 2015, 'The Open Cluster NGC 6811: An Eclipsing Binary, the Turnoff, and Age', American Astronomical Society, AAS Meeting , 01/01/2015 - 01/01/2015. <http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AAS...22544701S>

Kruse, PR, Kruse, E & Ørnbjerg, J 2015, 'The Operations of a Danish Provincial Pharmacy at the End of the 1600s', Pharmacy in History, vol. 56, no. 3-4, 2014, pp. 78-89.

Aagaard, A & Lindgren, P 2015, 'The Opportunities and Challenges of Persuasive Technology in Creating Sustainable Innovation and Business Model Innovation', Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 81, no. 4, pp. 1511-1529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-015-2484-1

Borras, JM, Lievens, Y, Dunscombe, P, Coffey, M, Malicki, J, Corral, J, Gasparotto, C, Defourny, N, Barton, M, Verhoeven, R, van Eycken, L, Primic-Zakelj, M, Trojanowski, M, Strojan, P & Grau, C 2015, 'The optimal utilization proportion of external beam radiotherapy in European countries. An ESTRO-HERO analysis', Radiotherapy & Oncology, vol. 116, no. 1, pp. 38-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2015.04.018

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