Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Bønnerup, KH , Pedersen, AL , Weed, E & Parrila, R 2019, 'Differences in the literacy skills of Danish dyslexic students in two types of higher education programmes', Dyslexia, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 173-189. https://doi.org/10.1002/dys.1617

Hauberg, ME, Fullard, JF, Zhu, L, Cohain, AT, Giambartolomei, C, Misir, R, Reach, S, Johnson, JS, Wang, M, Mattheisen, M , Børglum, AD, Zhang, B, Sieberts, SK, Peters, MA, Domenici, E, Schadt, EE, Devlin, B, Sklar, P, Roeder, K, Roussos, P & the CommonMind Consortium 2019, 'Differential activity of transcribed enhancers in the prefrontal cortex of 537 cases with schizophrenia and controls', Molecular Psychiatry, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 1685-1695. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0059-8

Jensen, AB , Lund, M , Nørskov-Lauritsen, N, Johansson, A, Claesson, R, Reinholdt, J & Haubek, D 2019, 'Differential Cell Lysis Among Periodontal Strains of JP2 and Non-JP2 Genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Serotype B Is Not Reflected in Dissimilar Expression and Production of Leukotoxin', Pathogens, vol. 8, no. 4, 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8040211

Elfving, B , Müller, HK, Oliveras, I, Østerbøg, TB, Rio-Alamos, C, Sanchez-Gonzalez, A, Tobeña, A, Fernandez-Teruel, A & Aznar, S 2019, 'Differential expression of synaptic markers regulated during neurodevelopment in a rat model of schizophrenia-like behavior', Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, vol. 95, 109669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109669

Ruud, AK , Malinowska, M , Bjarup Hansen, P, Svane, SF, Eriksen, LB, Fè, D, Jensen, CS, Greve, M, Thorup-Kristensen, K, Nagy, I & Asp, T 2019, 'Differential gene expression and multi-omic analysis of drought stress in Lolium perenne', EGF-EUCARPIA Symposium, Grassland Science in Europe, Zurich, Switzerland, 24/06/2019 - 27/06/2019 pp. 287. <https://www.europeangrassland.org/fileadmin/documents/Infos/Printed_Matter/Proceedings/EGF2019.pdf>

Santibáñez, PA, Michaud, AB, Vick-Majors, TJ, D'Andrilli, J, Chiuchiolo, A, Hand, KP & Priscu, JC 2019, 'Differential Incorporation of Bacteria, Organic Matter, and Inorganic Ions Into Lake Ice During Ice Formation', Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 124, no. 3, pp. 585-600. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004825

Baudoin, F & Kelleher, DJ 2019, 'Differential one-forms on dirichlet spaces and bakry-Émery estimates on metric graphs', Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 371, no. 5, pp. 3145-3178. https://doi.org/10.1090/tran/7362

Geirsson, A, Shioda, K, Olsson, C, Ahlsson, A, Gunn, J, Hansson, EC, Hjortdal, V, Jeppsson, A, Mennander, A, Wickbom, A, Zindovic, I & Gudbjartsson, T 2019, 'Differential outcomes of open and clamp-on distal anastomosis techniques in acute type A aortic dissection', The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, vol. 157, no. 5, pp. 1750-1758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.09.020

Shreya, S & Kaushik, BK 2019, 'Differential Spin Hall Effect-Based Nonvolatile Static Random Access Memory for Energy-Efficient and Fast Data Restoration Application', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 55, no. 9, 3401211. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2019.2917655

Swarbrick, VJ, Simpson, GL, Glibert, PM & Leavitt, PR 2019, 'Differential stimulation and suppression of phytoplankton growth by ammonium enrichment in eutrophic hardwater lakes over 16 years', Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 64, pp. S130-S149. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11093

Vernstrøm, L , Laugesen, E , Grove, EL , Baier, JM , Gullaksen, S , Hvas, A-M , Poulsen, PL & Funck, KL 2019, 'Differential vascular effects of aspirin in people with Type 2 diabetes without cardiovascular disease and matched controls without diabetes', Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 1141-1148. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.13978

Sarker, S 2019, Differentiating Between Supply and Supplier Risk for Better Supply Chain Risk Management. in Springer Series in Supply Chain Management. Springer, pp. 315-328. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03813-7_19

Akkerman, M , Poulsen, NA, Sørensen, J & Larsen, LB 2019, 'Differentiation of milk, including organics, with storage outside the cold chain', Dairy Research Conference 2019, Billund, Denmark, 27/03/2019 - 27/03/2019 pp. 22.

Bangshaab, M , Gutierrez, A, Huynh, KD, Knudsen, JS , Arcanjo, DDR , Petersen, AG , Rungby, J , Gejl, M & Simonsen, U 2019, 'Different mechanisms involved in liraglutide and glucagon-like peptide-1 vasodilatation in rat mesenteric small arteries', British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 176, no. 3, pp. 386-399. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.14534

Graudal, N, Kaas-Hansen, BS, Guski, L, Hubeck-Graudal, T, Welton, NJ & Jürgens, G 2019, 'Different Original and Biosimilar TNF Inhibitors Similarly Reduce Joint Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis-A Network Meta-Analysis of 36 Randomized Controlled Trials', International Journal of Molecular Sciences , vol. 20, no. 18, 4350. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184350

Vinther, AS & Christiansen, AV 2019, Different users, different interventions – on the ideal typology of anabolic androgenic steroid use and its implications for prevention and harm reduction. in K Van de Ven, KJD Mulrooney & J McVeigh (eds), Human Enhancement Drugs. Routledge, London.

Burke, KD, Williams, JW, Brewer, S, Finsinger, W, Giesecke, T, Lorenz, DJ & Ordonez, A 2019, 'Differing climatic mechanisms control transient and accumulated vegetation novelty in Europe and eastern North America', Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 374, no. 1788, 20190218, pp. 20190218. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0218

Chuhutin, A , Hansen, B, Wlodarczyk, A, Owens, T, Shemesh, N & Jespersen, S 2019, 'Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI) Biomarkers correlate with dysfunction in the EAE model of MS', International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2019, Montreal, Canada, 11/05/2019 - 16/05/2019.

Næss-Schmidt, E , Blicher, JU, Møller, MT, Rask, CU, Svendsen, SW, Schröder, A , Tuborgh, AH , Østergaard, L , Jespersen, S , Hansen, B , Eskildsen, SF & Nielsen, JF 2019, 'Diffusion kurtosis imaging in patients with prolonged post-concussion symptoms', Journal of Psychosomatic Research, vol. 121, pp. 123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.03.073

Chassé, É, Guay, F & Létourneau-Montminy, M-P 2019, 'Digestibilité iléale et totale apparentes des nutriments chez le porc en croissance : effet de la granulation, de la xylanase et de la présence de coproduits', Journees de la Recherche Porcine en France, vol. 51.

Stødkilde, L , Damborg, VK , Jørgensen, H , Lærke, HN & Jensen, SK 2019, 'Digestibility of fractionated green biomass as protein source for monogastric animals', Animal, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 1817-1825. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731119000156

Zhao, D, Li, L, Le, TTT , Larsen, LB, Xu, D, Jiao, W, Sheng, B, Li, B & Zhang, X 2019, 'Digestibility of glycated milk proteins and the peptidomics of their in vitro digests', Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 99, no. 6, pp. 3069-3077. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9520

Sheng, B, Nielsen, SD-H , Poulsen, NA & Larsen, LB 2019, 'Digestibility of K-casein isoforms in skim milk', 16th Symposium on Milk Genomics and Human Health, Aarhus, Denmark, 12/11/2019 - 14/11/2019.

Brügger, N, Nielsen, J & Laursen, D 2019, 'Digging into Big Web Archive Data: The Development of the Danish Web 2006- 2015', The web that was: archives, traces, reflections, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 18/06/2019 - 21/06/2019.

Evangelista Belo, JM , Fender, A , Feuchtner, T & Grønbæk, K 2019, Digital Assistance for Quality Assurance: Augmented Workspaces Using Deep Learning for Tracking Near-Symmetrical Objects. in ISS 2019 - Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 275-287, 2019 Acm International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of, 10/11/2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3343055.3359699

Thestrup, K 2019, Digital citizens: how preschool teachers and children communicate in a digital and global world. in C Grey & I Palaiologou (eds), Early learning in the digital age. SAGE Publications, London, pp. 136-147.

Aagaard, J & Selwyn, N 2019, 'Digital dannelse på skoleskemaet: Hvad skal der til?', Kristeligt Dagblad. <https://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/kronik/digital-dannelse-paa-skoleskemaet-hvad-skal-der-til>

Clausen, P 2019, Digital Decision Support Systems for enhanced Human Based Decision-making at the Shop Floor Management Level. in PICMET 2019 - Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology: Technology Management in the World of Intelligent Systems, Proceedings., 8893509, PICMET´19 Conference, Portland, Oregon, United States, 25/08/2019. https://doi.org/10.23919/PICMET.2019.8893509

Dupont, YL , Kryger, P , Axelsen, JA , Sørensen, PB & Topping, CJ 2019, 'Digitale bier kan afsløre uønskede effekter af sprøjtegift', Aktuel Naturvidenskab, vol. 1, pp. 29-31.

Alim, W, Nebelong, S, Kjeldsen, CM, Bindslev, MW, Fahnøe Kristensen, PM & Johansen, SL 2019, Digitale medier i børnehaven: digital dannelse i børnehøjde : del 2. Børns Vilkår, København. <https://bornsvilkar.dk/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Digital-Dannelse-Del-2.pdf>

Tømte, CE, Fossland, T, Aamodt, PO & Degn, L 2019, 'Digitalisation in higher education: mapping institutional approaches for teaching and learning', Quality in Higher Education, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 98-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/13538322.2019.1603611

Neville, M 2019, Digitalisering - en del af bestyrelsens strategiske ledelsesopgave? in M Neville, H Birkmose & KE Sørensen (eds), Selskaber - Aktuelle emner II. Djøf Forlag, pp. 217-237.

Grønbæk, K, Alstrup, S, Larsen, KG, Caspersen, ME , Madsen, OL, Herping Ellegaard, L & Rasmussen, B 2019, Digitalisering og it-uddannelser – ryd op i begreberne!. Teknologiens Mediehus. <https://www.version2.dk/blog/digitalisering-it-uddannelser-ryd-begreberne-1089608>

Lieberoth, A 2019, 'Digitalisering og unges mentale sundhed.', Unges Mentale Sundhed, Aalborg, Denmark, 05/09/2019 - 05/09/2019.

Basse, EM 2019, 'Digitaliseringsklar og agil erhvervsrettet miljølovgivningen', Tidsskrift for Miljø, vol. 2019, no. 1, pp. 3-14.

Andersen, T & Hansen, A 2019, 'Digitalization and port efficiency – capacity development between Danish and Ghanaian public and private actors', Paper presented at EURAM 2019, Lissabon, Portugal, 26/06/2019 - 28/06/2019.

Gislum, R , Gyldengren, JG & Boelt, B 2019, Digitalization in herbage grass seed production and research: Opportunities and challenges. in NP Anderson (ed.), Proceedings of the Tenth International Herbage Seed Group Conference. pp. 14-17, 10th International Herbage Seed Group Conference, Corvallis, Oregon, United States, 12/05/2019.

Dietrichson, LG & Kragh, U 2019, 'Digitalization in the value chain: An exploratory study of Danish SME's', IRIS/SCIS Conference, Nokia, Finland, 11/08/2019 - 14/08/2019.

Erslev, MS 2019, Digital Litteratur og digital dannelse. Bibliotekarforbundet. <https://bf.dk/perspektiv/deldinviden/artikler/2019/oktober/digital-litteratur-og-digital-dannelse>

Scherjon, F, Lambers, K & Romanowska, I 2019, 'Digitally Teaching Digital Skills: Lessons Drawn from a Small Private Online Course (SPOC) on ‘Modelling and Simulation in Archaeology’ at Leiden University', Journal of Computer Applications in Archaeology, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 79-88. https://doi.org/10.5334/jcaa.26

Nilsson, A & Clausen, P 2019, Digital Maturity: Transitioning from Analogue to Digital Shop Floor Management Board Meetings. in Proceedings - 2019 1st International Conference on Digital Data Processing, DDP 2019., 8948756, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 104-111, 14th International Conference on Digital Information Management and 1st Digital Data Processing Conference, Luton , United Kingdom, 24/09/2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/DDP.2019.00029

Myrczik, EP 2019, Digital Museum Mediation in Denmark: A critical exploration of the development, practice, and perceived outcomes. Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet.

Hendler, S & Boer, H 2019, 'Digital-physical product development: A review and research agenda', International Journal of Technology Management, vol. 80, no. 1-2, pp. 12-35. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2019.099769

Jensen, M 2019, 'Digital picture analysis for precision screening of sour cherry progeny for necrotic leaf tissue caused by Blumeriella jaapii', Acta Horticulturae, vol. 1242, pp. 855-861. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2019.1242.126

Larsen, LB, Sondergaard, J, Thomsen, JL, Halling, AP, Sønderlund, AL, Christensen, JR & Thilsing, TP 2019, 'Digital recruitment and acceptance of a stepwise model to prevent chronic disease in the danish primary care sector: Cross-sectional study', Journal of Medical Internet Research, vol. 21, no. 1, e11658. https://doi.org/10.2196/11658

Tambo, T & Filtenborg, J 2019, 'Digital services governance: IT4IT™ for management of technology', Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 1230-1249. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-01-2018-0028

Greve, MH & Borůvka, L 2019, 'Digital soil mapping workshop 2016', Geoderma, vol. 352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.06.020

Jankvist, UT & Geraniou, E 2019, Digital technologies as a way of making original sources more accessible to students. in Proceedings of the Eighth European Summer University on History and Epistemology in Mathematics Education ESU 8. Oslo, Norway, pp. 107-130, Eight European Summer University on the History and Epistemology in Mathematics Education, Oslo, Norway, 20/07/2018. <https://skriftserien.hioa.no/index.php/skriftserien/article/view/664/179>

Levin, G & Svenningsen, SR 2019, 'Digital transdisciplinarity in land change science - Integrating multiple types of digital data', Geografisk Tidsskrift - Danish Journal of Geography, vol. 119, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2019.1585893

Tække, J & Paulsen, M 2019, Digitalt understøttet faglighed og almendannelse: rapport angående DUFA-projektet. Undervisningsministeriet, København. < https://emu.dk/sites/default/files/2019-03/Digitalt%20understøttet%20faglighed%20og%20almendannelse.pdf>

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