Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Zollmann, S , Langlotz, T, Loos, M, Lo, WH & Baker, L 2019, Arspectator: Exploring augmented reality for sport events. in SIGGRAPH Asia 2019 Technical Briefs, SA 2019. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 75-78, SIGGRAPH Asia 2019 Technical Briefs - International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, SA 2019, Brisbane, Australia, 17/11/2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3355088.3365162

Eriksson, B 2019, Art and local communities: inclusion, interests and ownership in participatory art projects with embroiderers and billiard players. in B Eriksson, C Stage & B Valtysson (eds), Cultures of participation: arts, digital media and cultural institutions. Routledge, Abingdon, pp. 71-89. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429266454-5

Lauritsen, SM, Kristensen, M, Lauritsen, KM , Jørgensen, MJ , Lange, J & Thiesson, B 2019, 'Artificial intelligence outperforms early warning scores at detecting sepsis: a retrospective Danish study', EUSEM 2019, Prague, Czech Republic, 12/10/2019 - 16/10/2019.

Velasco González, PR 2019, 'Artificial Intelligibility and Proxy Error: A Comment on How a Machine Learns and Fails', Spheres - Journal For Digital Culture, vol. 5. <http://spheres-journal.org/artificial-intelligibility-and-proxy-error-a-comment-on-how-a-machine-learns-and-fails/>

Touzot, M, Teulier, L, Lengagne, T, Secondi, J, Théry, M, Libourel, P-A, Guillard, L & Mondy, N 2019, 'Artificial light at night disturbs the activity and energy allocation of the common toad during the breeding period', Conservation Physiology, vol. 7, no. 1, coy002, pp. coz002. https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coz002

Beucher, A , Møller, AB & Greve, MH 2019, 'Artificial neural networks and decision tree classification for predicting soil drainage classes in Denmark', Geoderma, vol. 352, pp. 351-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.11.004

Thingholm, B 2019, 'Artificial Organelles with Lysosomal Escape Capability'.

Holgersen, S-E 2019, 'Arts based research of participation in music education', European Journal of the Philosophy of Arts Education, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 27-53. <http://www.ejpae.com/index.php/EJPAE/issue/view/5>

Alstrup, AKO 2019, 'Artsdiversitet af natsværmere ved lystavle i ældre sydvestjysk have 2017-2018: Species diversity of moths at light board in an older garden situated in South West Jutland in Denmark', Entomologiske Meddelelser, vol. 87, no. 1-2, pp. 65-68. <https://danbif.dk/formidlingsarkiv/links/litteratur/entomologiske-meddelelser/bind-87/Artsdiversitet_af_natsv_rmere_FINAL.pdf>

Norup, L 2019, 'Arven: om Joris-Karl Huysmans' Et Dilemma', Litteraturmagasinet Standart, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 23.

Ma, D, Qunhui Xie, H, Zhang, W, Xue, Q, Liu, X, Xu, L, Ma, Y, Bonefeld-Jørgensen, EC , Long, M, Zhang, A & Zhao, B 2019, 'Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity of polyhalogenated carbazoles and the molecular mechanism', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 687, pp. 516-526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.406

Chen, P, Dong, S, Katz, B, Kochanek, CS, Kollmeier, JA, Maguire, K, Phillips, MM, Prieto, JL, Shappee, BJ, Stritzinger, MD, Bose, S, Brown, PJ, Holoien, TW-S, Galbany, L, Milne, PA, Morrell, N, Piro, AL, Stanek, KZ, Thompson, TA & Young, DR 2019, 'ASASSN-15pz: Revealing Significant Photometric Diversity among 2009dc-like, Peculiar SNe Ia', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 880, no. 1, 35, pp. 35. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2630

Vallely, PJ, Fausnaugh, M, Jha, SW, Tucker, MA, Eweis, Y, Shappee, BJ, Kochanek, CS, Stanek, KZ, Chen, P, Dong, S, Prieto, JL, Sukhbold, T, Thompson, TA, Brimacombe, J, Stritzinger, MD, Holoien, TW-S, Buckley, DAH, Gromadzki, M & Bose, S 2019, 'ASASSN-18tb: a most unusual Type Ia supernova observed by TESS and SALT', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 487, no. 2, pp. 2372-2384. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1445

Alinaghihossein, M, Duc Ninh Nguyen, Torp Sangild, P, Bertram, HCS & Westerhuis, JA 2019, 'ASCA-fusion of NMR metabolomics data reveals metabolic alternations in response to bioactive milk ingredients in preterm piglets with intra-amniotic inflammation', 15th Annual Conference of the Metabolomics Society, The Hague, Netherlands, 23/06/2019 - 27/06/2019.

Friese, W, Handberg, S & Kristensen, TM (eds) 2019, Ascending and Descending the Acropolis: Movement in Athenian Religion. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus.

Skoda, U 2019, A scholarly community around the Lord: The Orissa research projects. in J Tripathy & U Skoda (eds), Bonding with the Lord : Jagannath, popular culture and community formation. Bloomsbury Academic, New Delhi, pp. 227-266.

Wu, P, Ata-Ul-Karim, ST, Singh, BP, Wang, H, Wu, T, Liu, C, Fang, G, Zhou, D, Wang, Y & Chen, W 2019, 'A scientometric review of biochar research in the past 20 years (1998–2018)', Biochar, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 23-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-019-00002-9

Moskowitz, A, Yankama, T, Andersen, LW, Huang, DT, Donnino, MW, Grossestreuer, AV & ACTS Clinical Trial Investigators 2019, 'Ascorbic Acid, Corticosteroids and Thiamine in Sepsis (ACTS) protocol and statistical analysis plan: a prospective, multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial', BMJ Open, vol. 9, no. 12, e034406. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034406

Sørensen, LK & Hasselstrøm, JB 2019, 'Ascorbic Acid Improves the Stability of Buprenorphine in Frozen Whole Blood Samples', Journal of Analytical Toxicology, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 482-488. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkz033

Hon, M, Stello, D, García, RA, Mathur, S, Sharma, S, Colman, IL & Bugnet, L 2019, 'A search for red giant solar-like oscillations in all Kepler data', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 485, no. 4, pp. 5616-5630. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz622

Bubandt, NO , Rytter, M & Suhr, C 2019, 'A Second Look at Invisibility: Al-Ghayb, Islam, Ethnography', Contemporary Islam, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-017-0395-5

Patil, J, Bokde, N, Mishra, S & Kulat, K 2019, A segmentation approach to optimize spectrum allocation for secondary user in a cognitive network. in 10th international conference on computing, communication and networking technologies (icccnt). S.l., A segmentation approach to optimize
spectrum allocation for secondary user in a cognitive network., Kanpur, India, 06/07/2019. <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334573267_A_segmentation_approach_to_optimize_spectrum_allocation_for_secondary_user_in_a_cognitive_network>

Bellinger, EP 2019, 'A seismic scaling relation for stellar age', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 486, no. 4, pp. 4612-4621. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz714

Andersen, VL , Vinther, M, Kumar, R, Ries, A, Wengel, J, Nielsen, JS & Kjems, J 2019, 'A self-assembled, modular nucleic acid-based nanoscaffold for multivalent theranostic medicine', Theranostics, vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 2662-2677. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.32060

Dissing, AM, Johansen, MD , Pilegaard, M & Hejlesen, O 2019, 'A self-monitoring approach for evaluating the effect of 3 weeks of high-intensity training in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an intervention study', Obesity Medicine, vol. 13, pp. 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obmed.2019.01.001

Liu, Q, Cui, X, Chen, W, Liu, C, Bai, J, Zhang, Y, Zhou, Y, Liu, Z, Xu, P, Che, H & Liu, D 2019, 'A semianalytic Monte Carlo radiative transfer model for polarized oceanic lidar: Experiment-based comparisons and multiple scattering effects analyses', Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, vol. 237, 106638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.106638

Aschemann-Witzel, J, Ares, G, Thøgersen, J & Monteleone, E 2019, 'A sense of sustainability? – How sensory consumer science can contribute to sustainable development of the food sector', Trends in Food Science and Technology, vol. 90, pp. 180-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.021

Andreasen, MM & Meldrum, A 2019, 'A Shadow Rate or a Quadratic Policy Rule? The Best Way to Enforce the Zero Lower Bound in the United States', Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 2261-2292. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109018001576

Mortensen, LH, Cruz-Paredes, C, Schmidt, O, Rønn, R & Madsen, MV 2019, 'Ash application enhances decomposition of recalcitrant organic matter', Soil Biology & Biochemistry, vol. 135, pp. 316-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.05.021

Raskin, R 2019, 'A shot-by-shot breakdown of AVONDALE DOGS', Short Film Studies, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 18-32. https://doi.org/10.1386/sfs.9.1.18_7

Raskin, R 2019, 'A shot-by-shot breakdown of CLASS 15', Short Film Studies, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 82-95. https://doi.org/10.1386/sfs.9.1.82_7

Raskin, R 2019, 'A shot-by-shot breakdown of Haunted Memory: The Cinema of Víctor Erice', Short Film Studies, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 184-196. https://doi.org/10.1386/sfs.9.2.184_7

Raskin, R 2019, 'A shot-by-shot breakdown of The Goodbye', Short Film Studies, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 116-123. https://doi.org/10.1386/sfs.9.2.116_7

Brandt, A 2019, 'A signal processing framework for operational modal analysis in time and frequency domain', Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 115, pp. 380-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.06.009

Liu, X , Ma, R , Sutherland, D & Wang, J 2019, 'A Simple and High-performance Platform for Refractive Index Sensing based on Plasmonic Metal Disks on a Metal Mirror', IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 484, no. 1, 012030. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/484/1/012030

Marlton, FP, Ivashko, O, v. Zimmermann, M, Gutowski, O, Dippel, A-C & Jørgensen, MRV 2019, 'A simple correction for the parallax effect in X-ray pair distribution function measurements', Journal of Applied Crystallography, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 1072-1076. https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576719011580

Milandt, NR , Gundtoft, PH & Overgaard, S 2019, 'A single positive tissue culture increases the risk of rerevision of clinically aseptic THA: A national register study', Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol. 477, no. 6, pp. 1372-1381. https://doi.org/10.1097/CORR.0000000000000609

Berenji Ardestani, S , Matchkov, V, Eftedal, I & Pedersen, M 2019, 'A Single Simulated Heliox Dive Modifies Endothelial Function in the Vascular Wall of ApoE Knockout Male Rats More Than Females', Frontiers in Physiology, vol. 10, 1342. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01342

Tarp, S 2019, Asistentes de escritura: un nuevo y urgente desafío para el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua. in MR Álvarez Silva, A Muñoz Alvarado & L Ruiz Miyares (eds), Comunicación Social: Lingüística, Medios Masivos, Arte, Etnología, Folclor y otras ciencias afines. vol. 1, Ediciones Centro de Linguistica Aplicada, Santiago de Cuba, pp. 169-173.

Lockwood, C, Stannard, D, Bjerrum, M, Carrier, J, Evans, C, Hannes, K, Munn, Z, Porritt, K & Salmond, S 2019, 'A situated philosophical perspective would make some of the paradigm wars in qualitative evidence synthesis redundant: A commentary on Bergdahl’s critique of the meta-aggregative approach', Nursing Inquiry, vol. 26, no. 4, e12317. https://doi.org/10.1111/nin.12317

Zehtabiyan-Rezaie, N , Alvandifar, N, Saffaraval, F, Makkiabadi, M, Rahmati, N & Saffar-Avval, M 2019, 'A solar-powered solution for water shortage problem in arid and semi-arid regions in coastal countries', Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 35, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2019.05.015

Volosniev, AG, Jensen, AS, Harshman, NL, Armstrong, JR & Zinner, NT 2019, 'A solvable model for decoupling of interacting clusters', Europhysics Letters, vol. 125, no. 2, 20003. https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/125/20003

Nyvad, AM , Hejná, M , Højen, A , Jespersen, AB & Sørensen, MH (eds) 2019, A sound approach to language matters: In honor of Ocke-Schwen Bohn. AU Library Scholarly Publishing Services, Aarhus. https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.322.218

Rank, CU, Wolthers, BO, Grell, K, Albertsen, BK, Frandsen, TL, Overgaard, UM, Toft, N, Juul-Jensen, O, Wehner, PS, Harila-Saari, A, Heyman, M, Abrahamsson, J, Flink, M, Norén-Nyström, U, Jarvis, KB, Lund, B, Vaitkeviciene, G, Griskevicius, L, Taskinen, M, Lepik, K, Punab, M, Jónsson, ÓG & Schmiegelow, K 2019, 'Asparaginase-associated Pancreatitis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results from the NOPHO ALL2008 Treatment of Patients 1–45 Years', American Society of Hematology 2019, Orlando, United States, 07/12/2019 - 10/12/2019.

Gottschalk Højfeldt, S 2019, 'Asparaginase treatment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: outcome and side effects', Aarhus.

Albertsen, BK, Harila-Saari, A, Jahnukainen, K, Lähteenmäki, P, Riikonen, P, Möttönen, M & Lausen, B 2019, 'Asparaginase treatment in infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia; pharmacokinetics and asparaginase hypersensitivity in Interfant-06', Leukemia & Lymphoma, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 1469-1475. https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2018.1538507

Mikkelsen, SA , Mogensen, LS , Vilsen, B, Molday, RS, Vestergaard, AL & Andersen, JP 2019, 'Asparagine-905 of the mammalian phospholipid flippase ATP8A2 is essential for lipid substrate-induced activation of ATP8A2 dephosphorylation', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 294, no. 15, pp. 5970-5979. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA118.007240

Cheng, W , Anankanbil, S , Pérez, B , Pedersen, JN, Liu, G & Guo, Z 2019, 'Aspartic-acid-based ampholytic amphiphiles: Synthesis, characterization, and pH-dependent properties at air/water and oil/water interfaces', Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 67, no. 8, pp. 2321-2330. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05122

Lundström, V & Riede, F 2019, 'A spatially explicit model of Final Palaeolithic population densities for southern Scandinavia in the period between 14,000 and 12,700 cal BP', Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, vol. 26, 101886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.101886

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