Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Lauprêtre, T , Linnet, RB , Leroux, ID, Landa, H, Dantan, A & Drewsen, M 2019, 'Controlling the potential landscape and normal modes of ion Coulomb crystals by a standing-wave optical potential', Physical Review A, vol. 99, no. 3, 031401. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.99.031401

Kyrkou, I 2019, 'Control of Bacteria for Sustainable Viticulture and Vinification Practices'.

Nielsen, BJ , Abuley, IK & Hansen, H 2019, Control of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and early blight (Alternaria solani) in potatoes. in LN Jørgensen, BJ Nielsen, SK Mathiassen, MS Hovmøller, PK Jensen, TM Heick, HS Kristjansen, P Hartvig & S Sørensen (eds), Applied Crop Protection 2018. DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug, DCA rapport, vol. 152, pp. 67-88.

Matzen, N , Heick, TM & Jørgensen, LN 2019, 'Control of powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis spp.) in cereals by Serenade®ASO (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (former subtilis) strain QST 713)', Biological Control, vol. 139, 104067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2019.104067

Steensgaard, K 2019, Control of Price Related Terms in Standard Form Contracts in Denmark: Pragmatism and General Clauses. in YM Atamer & P Pichonnaz (eds), Control of Price Related Terms in Standard Form Contracts. Springer, Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, vol. 36, pp. 339-357.

Hedegaard, RE 2019, 'Control of residential space heating for demand response using grey-box models'. https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.317.215

Glombitza, C , Egger, M , Røy, H & Jørgensen, BB 2019, 'Controls on volatile fatty acid concentrations in marine sediments (Baltic Sea)', Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 258, pp. 226-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.05.038

Jørgensen, LN , Madsen, H-P , Kristjansen, HS , Kirkegaard, S , Almskou-Dahlgaard, A & Kristoffersen, R 2019, Control strategies in different cultivars. in LN Jørgensen, BJ Nielsen, SK Mathiassen, MS Hovmøller, PK Jensen, TM Heick, HS Kristjansen, P Hartvig & S Sørensen (eds), Applied Crop Protection 2018. DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug, DCA rapport, vol. 152, pp. 50-59.

Beckmann, M, Gerstner, K, Akin-Fajiye, M, Ceaușu, S, Kambach, S, Kinlock, NL, Phillips, HRP, Verhagen, W, Gurevitch, J, Klotz, S, Newbold, T, Verburg, PH, Winter, M & Seppelt, R 2019, 'Conventional land-use intensification reduces species richness and increases production: A global meta-analysis', Global Change Biology, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 1941-1956. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14606

Spindler, H, Leerskov, K, Joensson, K, Nielsen, G, Andreasen, JJ & Dinesen, B 2019, 'Conventional Rehabilitation Therapy Versus Telerehabilitation in Cardiac Patients: A Comparison of Motivation, Psychological Distress, and Quality of Life', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 16, no. 3, 512. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030512

Olsen, J & Jørgensen, P 2019, 'Convergence patterns and rates in two-state perturbation expansions', Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 151, no. 8, 084108. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5110554

Kragh, K, Husby, M, Melin, K, Weidle, B, Torp, NC, Højgaard, DRMA , Hybel, KA , Nissen, JB , Thomsen, PH & Skarphedinsson, G 2019, 'Convergent and divergent validity of the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children–present and lifetime version diagnoses in a sample of children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder', Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 111-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2019.1571628

Huang, L, Tang, W, Röllig, R, S. Albers, F, W. Fraaije, M & Kara, S 2019, 'Convergent cascade catalyzed by monooxygenase – alcohol dehydrogenase fusion applied in organic media', ChemBioChem, vol. 20, no. 13, pp. 1653-1658. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.201800814

Jørgensen, EK & Riede, F 2019, 'Convergent catastrophes and the termination of the Arctic Norwegian Stone Age: A multi-proxy assessment of the demographic and adaptive responses of mid-Holocene collectors to biophysical forcing', The Holocene, vol. 29, no. 11, pp. 1782-1800. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683619862036

Ong, B & Buus, N 2019, 'Conversation Analysis of Open Dialogue Network Meetings: International Conference for Dialogical Practices 2019', Paper presented at EventInternational Conference for Dialogical Practices 2019, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 05/11/2019 - 08/11/2019. <https://research.monash.edu/files/381510890/4_Cata_logo_TALLERES_WORKSHOPS.pdf>

Li, X, Vogeler, I & Schwendenmann, L 2019, 'Conversion from tussock grassland to pine forest: effect on soil phytoliths and phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC)', Journal of Soils and Sediments, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1260-1271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-2160-7

Bystrup, MR & Hindhede, AL 2019, Conversion of Social Capital in the Rehabilitation Process of Adolescents after an Acquired Brain Injury. in I Harsløf, I Poulsen & K Larsen (eds), New Dynamics of Disability and Rehabilitation: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. 1 edn, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 195-223. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7346-6_9

Bell, C , Fredberg, U , Schlünsen, ADM & Vedsted, P 2019, 'Converting acute inpatient take to outpatient take with fast-track assessment in internal medicine wards - A before-after study', BMC Health Services Research, vol. 19, no. 1, 346. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4175-1

Hansen, KW 2019, 'Converting haemoglobin A1c and average glucose. Time to change?', Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, vol. 153, pp. 194-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.03.013

Hu, T , Taghizadeh-Toosi, A , Olesen, JE, Jensen, ML, Sørensen, P & Christensen, BT 2019, 'Converting temperate long-term arable land into semi-natural grassland: decadal-scale changes in topsoil C, N, C-13 and N-15 contents', European Journal of Soil Science, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 350-360. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12738

van Mastrigt, S & Carrington, P 2019, Co-offending. in DP Farrington, L Kazemian & AJ Piquero (eds), Handbook on developmental and life course criminology. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Filogonio, R , Wang, T, Abe, AS & Leite, CAC 2019, 'Cooling and Warming Rates are Unaffected by Autonomic Vascular Control in the South American Rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus)', South American Journal of Herpetology , vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 242-249. https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-18-00013.1

Hou, P, Yang, G, Enevoldsen, P & Nielsen, AH 2019, Cooperation of Offshore Wind Farm with Battery Storage in Multiple Electricity Markets. in 2018 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC 2018) . IEEE, pp. 900-905. https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2018.8541864

Letherwood, M, Jayakumar, P, Gorsich, D, Rogers, P, Hoenlinger, M, Mayda, W, McCullough, M, Bradley, S, Alger, R, Serban, R, Balling, O, Homaa, F, Wasfy, T, Gaul, N, Bradbury, M, Pesheck, E, Reinecke, D, Hirschkom, M, Wong, J, Bendtsen, L, Funk, M, Williams, R & Mueller, C 2019, Cooperative Demonstration of Technology (CDT- 308): Next-Generation NATO Reference Mobility Model (NG-NRMM). NATO Science and Technology Organisation (STO) .

Strauss, MJ, Asheghali, D, Evans, AM, Li, RL, Chavez, AD, Sun, C, Becker, ML & Dichtel, WR 2019, 'Cooperative Self-Assembly of Pyridine-2,6-Diimine-Linked Macrocycles into Mechanically Robust Nanotubes', Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 58, no. 41, pp. 14708-14714. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201907668

Sun, M, Jiang, F, Zhou, R, Cen, B & Wu, Z 2019, 'Coordinated regulation of three kinds of thermotolerance in tomato by antioxidant enzymes', Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, vol. 41, no. 9, 166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-019-2951-5

Aarhus, R, Tjørnhøj-Thomsen, T, Tarp, BD , Vedsted, P & Andersen, RS 2019, 'Coordinating objects of care: Exploring the role of case managers as brokers in cancer patient pathways', European Journal of Cancer Care, vol. 28, no. 3, e13017. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.13017

Soe, K, Andersen, TL, Hinge, M, Rolighed, L, Marcussen, N & Delaisse, J-M 2019, 'Coordination of Fusion and Trafficking of Pre-osteoclasts at the Marrow-Bone Interface', Calcified Tissue International, vol. 105, no. 4, pp. 430-445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-019-00575-4

Jeschke, V, Weber, K, Moore, SS & Burow, M 2019, 'Coordination of Glucosinolate Biosynthesis and Turnover Under Different Nutrient Conditions', Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 10, pp. 1560. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01560

Kelsen, J, Karlsson, M, Hansson, MJ, Yang, Z, Fischer, W, Hugerth, M, Nordström, C-H, Åstrand, R, Keep, MF, Kilbaugh, T, Wang, KKW, Møller, K, Juhler, M & Elmér, E 2019, 'Copenhagen Head Injury Ciclosporin Study: A Phase IIa Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Biomarker Study of Ciclosporin in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients', Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 36, no. 23, pp. 3253-3263. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2018.6369

Munk, KP 2019, COPING: A Research Manual for Qualitative Microanalysis of Stress Processes. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus.

Nordhagen, SE & Krieger, J 2019, 'Coping with Dual Logics at One Event: The Participating Athletes’ Perceptions from the 2016 Winter Youth Olympic Games', The International Journal of Sport and Society, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 59-76. https://doi.org/10.18848/2152-7857/CGP/v11i01/59-76

Rolving, N, Brocki, BC & Andreasen, J 2019, 'Coping with everyday life and physical activity in the aftermath of an acute pulmonary embolism: A qualitative study exploring patients' perceptions and coping strategies', Thrombosis research, vol. 182, pp. 185-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2019.06.007

Jepsen, SL, Haahr, A , Eg, M & Jørgensen, LB 2019, 'Coping with the unfamiliar: How do children cope with hospitalization in relation to acute and/or critical illness? A qualitative metasynthesis', Journal of Child Health Care, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 534-550. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493518804097

Wagner, FB, Diwan, V, Dechesne, A, Fowler, J, Smets, BF & Albrechtsen, H-J 2019, 'Copper-induced stimulation of nitrification in biological rapid sand filters for drinking water production by proliferation of Nitrosomonas spp.', Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 53, no. 21, pp. 12433-12441. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b03885

Tiwari, MK, Hägglund, PM, Møller, IM, Davies, MJ & Bjerrum, MJ 2019, 'Copper ion / H₂O₂ oxidation of Cu/Zn-Superoxide dismutase: Implications for enzymatic activity and antioxidant action', Redox Biology, vol. 26, 101262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2019.101262

Reventlow, S, Jønsson, ABR, Møller, MCR, Davidsen, AS & Olsen, L 2019, Co-Producing Health Care Interventions: Transforming transdisciplinary research to develop health care services to meet the needs of patients with complex problems. in JP Sturmberg (ed.), Embracing Complexity in Health : The Transformation of Science, Practice, and Policy. Springer, pp. 169-183.

Fang, X , Wang, Z, Jiang, Z, Wang, J & Dong, M 2019, 'Coral-like S-doped CoSe₂ with enriched 1T-phase as efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction', Electrochimica Acta, vol. 322, 134739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134739

Leipsic, J, Nørgaard, BL, Khalique, O, Cavalcante, JL, Wang, DD, Jilaihawi, H, Delgado, V, Bax, JJ & Blanke, P 2019, 'Core Competencies in Cardiac CT for Imaging Structural Heart Disease Interventions: An Expert Consensus Statement', JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging, vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 2555-2559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.09.023

Audigé, L, Schwyzer, H-K, Shoulder Arthroplasty Core Event Set (SA CES) Consensus Panel & Durchholz, H 2019, 'Core set of unfavorable events of shoulder arthroplasty: an international Delphi consensus process', Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 2061-2071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2019.07.021

Castellar, J, Formosa, J, Fernández, AI, Jové, P, González Bosch , M, Morató, J, Brix, H & Arias, CA 2019, 'Cork as a sustainable carbon source for nature-based solutions treating hydroponic wastewaters- Preliminary batch studies', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 650, no. 1, pp. 267-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.365

Vestergaard, AH, Rævdal, P, Ivarsen, AR & Hjortdal, J 2019, 'Corneal biomechanical change assessment using biomechanical waveform analyzer parameters: Contralateral comparison of eyes having femtosecond lenticule extraction and small-incision lenticule extraction for moderate to high myopia', JCRS Online Case Reports, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 17-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcro.2018.10.002

Barrientez, B, Nicholas, SE, Whelchel, A, Sharif, R, Hjortdal, J & Karamichos, D 2019, 'Corneal injury: Clinical and molecular aspects', Experimental Eye Research, vol. 186, 107709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2019.107709

Damgaard, IB, Liu, YC, Riau, AK, Teo, EPW, Tey, ML, Nyein, CL & Mehta, JS 2019, 'Corneal remodelling and topography following biological inlay implantation with combined crosslinking in a rabbit model', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, 4479. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39617-0

Schmidt, SE, Winther, S, Larsen, BS, Groenhoej, MH, Nissen, L , Westra, J , Frost, L , Holm, NR, Mickley, H, Steffensen, FH, Lambrechtsen, J, Nørskov, MS, Struijk, JJ, Diederichsen, ACP & Boettcher, M 2019, 'Coronary artery disease risk reclassification by a new acoustic-based score', The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging, vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 2019-2028. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-019-01662-1

Pedersen, MH , Bak, J , Matzen, LH , Hartlev, J , Bindslev, J, Schou, S & Nørholt, SE 2019, 'Coronectomy of mandibular third molars. A long-term clinical study of 231 cases with a mean follow-up period of 5.7 years', International Association for Dental Research 2019, Vancouver, Canada, 19/06/2019 - 22/06/2019.

Christiansen, CO 2019, 'Corporate Citizens' at the United Nations: The 1973 GEP Hearings and the New Spirit of Multinational Business. in S Berger & A Przyrembel (eds), Moralizing Capitalism: Agents, Discourses and Practices of Capitalism and Anti-Capitalism in the Modern Age. Palgrave Macmillan, Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements, pp. 159-183.

Nielsen, AE , Pollach, I & Thomsen, C 2019, 'Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a Profession', Paper presented at CSR Communication Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, 18/09/2019 - 20/09/2019.

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Orlovska-Waast, S, Köhler-Forsberg, O, Brix, SW, Nordentoft, M, Kondziella, D, Krogh, J & Benros, ME 2019, 'Correction: Cerebrospinal fluid markers of inflammation and infections in schizophrenia and affective disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis', Molecular Psychiatry, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 929-934. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-019-0381-9

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1909

Revised 08.12.2025

Lise Refstrup Linnebjerg Pedersen