Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Dopico, XC, Evangelou, M, Ferreira, RC, Guo, H, Pekalski, ML, Smyth, DJ, Cooper, N, Burren, OS, Fulford, AJ, Hennig, BJ, Prentice, AM, Ziegler, A-G, Bonifacio, E, Wallace, C & Todd, JA 2015, 'Widespread seasonal gene expression reveals annual differences in human immunity and physiology', Nature Communications, vol. 6, pp. 7000. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8000

Armingeon, K, Guthmann, K & Weisstanner, D 2015, 'Wie der Euro Europa spaltet. Die Krise der gemeinsamen Währung und die Entfremdung von der Demokratie in der Europäischen Union', Politische Vierteljahresschrift, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 506-531.

Kuhlmann, A 2015, Wiehe, Michael. in S Williams (ed.), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Stage Actors and Acting. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 619. <http://www.cambridge.org/dk/academic/subjects/arts-theatre-culture/drama-and-theatre-general-interest/cambridge-encyclopedia-stage-actors-and-acting?format=HB>

Elvert, J 2015, 'Wie viel Gemeinsame Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik verträge die Europäische Union? Ein Zwischenruf aus historischer Sicht', Revue d’Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 97-108.

Bergmann, I-M, OkumuRA, N, Uenishi, H, Hammer, SE, Knoll, A, Edfors, I & Juul-Madsen, HR 2015, 'Wild boars from Sweden, Austria, the Czech Republic and Japan possess intact mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL2) genes', International Journal of Immunogenetics, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 204-207. https://doi.org/10.1111/iji.12195

Zhou, Y, Zhou, J, Jeppesen, E, Zhang, Y, Qin, B, Shi, K, Tang, X & Han, X 2015, 'Will enhanced turbulence in inland waters result in elevated production of autochthonous dissolved organic matter?', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 543, pp. 405-415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.051

Schnettler, B, Miranda, H, Lobos, G, Sepúlveda, J, Orellana, L, Mora, M & Grunert, KG 2015, 'Willingness to purchase functional foods according to their benefits: consumer profiles in Southern Chile', British Food Journal, vol. 117, no. 5, pp. 1453-1473. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-07-2014-0273

Poulsen, EL 2015, 'Will Tertiary Role Models Necessarily Recruit Secondary Students to Tertiary STEM Educations?', Paper presented at ESERA 2015, Helsinki, Finland, 31/08/2015 - 04/09/2015.

Xydis, G & Nanaki, E 2015, 'Wind Energy Based Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Sitting. A GIS/Wind Resource Assessment Approach', Challenges. https://doi.org/10.3390/challe6020258

Xydis, G 2015, 'Wind Energy Integration through District Heating. A Wind Resource Based Approach', Resources. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources4010110

Herp, J, Poulsen, UV & Greiner, M 2015, 'Wind farm power optimization including flow variability', Renewable Energy, vol. 81, pp. 173-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.03.034

Torres, I 2015, 'Windows in education and food policy for critical health education in Ecuador', EERA: ECER 2015, Budapest, Hungary, 07/09/2015 - 11/09/2015. <http://www.eera-ecer.de/ecer-programmes/conference/20/contribution/35244/>

Andresen, B, Jens, F, Sørensen, PE, Miller, N, Kazachkov , Y, John, B & Pouyan, P 2015, Wind Plant Models in IEC 61400-27-2 and WECC - latest developments in international standards on wind turbine and wind plant modeling. in 14th International Workshop on Large-scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants.

Xydis, G, Pechlivanoglou, G & Nayeri, NC 2015, 'Wind Turbine Waste Heat Recovery—A Short-Term Heat Loss Forecasting Approach', Challenges. https://doi.org/10.3390/challe6020188

Soon, W 2015, Winnie Soon. in D Francis (ed.), 改變種子: Contemporary Art from Hong Kong and Beyond. Center on Contemporary Art, pp. 62-63.

Pavón-Jordán, D, Fox, AD & authors, AO 2015, 'Wintering distribution changes and EU protected areas under climate change. The case study of Smew (Mergus albellus)', Pan-European Duck Symposium, Hanko, Finland, 07/04/2015 - 11/04/2015.

Sievers, J , Sørensen, LL, Papakyriakou, TN, Sejr, MK , Søgaard, D, Barber, D & Rysgaard, S 2015, 'Winter observations of CO₂ exchange between sea ice and the atmosphere in a coastal fjord environment', Cryosphere, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1701-1713. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1701-2015

Pagter, M , Andersen, UB & Andersen, L 2015, 'Winter warming delays dormancy release, advances budburst, alters carbohydrate metabolism and reduces yield in a temperate shrub', A O B Plants, vol. 2015, plv024. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plv024

Kudsk, P, Colnenne-David, C, Dachbrodt-Saaydeh, S, Kierzek, R, Melander, B, Newton, A, Jørgensen, LN & Toque, C 2015, Winter wheat based rotations - agronomic evaluation of IPM strategies. in IPM Innovation in Europe: Book of Abstracts. Institute of Plant Protection – National Research institute, Polen, pp. 49-49. <http://www.ior.poznan.pl/plik,1892,book-of-abstracts-ipm-innovation-in-europe-pdf.pdf>

Dachbrodt-Saaydeh, S, Kudsk, P, Benezit, M, Colnenne-David, C, Jørgensen, LN, Kierzek, R, Lefebvre, M, Melander, B, Newton, A & Toque, C 2015, Winter wheat based rotations - economic and environmental evaluation of IPM strategies. in IPM Innovation in Europe: Book of Abstracts. Institute of Plant Protection – National Research institute, Polen, pp. 50-50. <http://www.ior.poznan.pl/plik,1892,book-of-abstracts-ipm-innovation-in-europe-pdf.pdf>

Miranda, J, Cabral, J, Ravelo, B, Wagner, SR , Pedersen, CF , Memon, M & Mathiesen, M 2015, Wireless Authentication Platform for Healthcare Applications. in 2015 IEEE International Wireless Symposium (IWS). IEEE, pp. 1-4, IEEE MTT-S International Wireless Symposium, Shenzhen, China, 30/03/2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEE-IWS.2015.7164620

Miranda, J, Cabral, J, Ravelo, B, Wagner, SR , Pedersen, CF , Memon, M & Mathiesen, M 2015, 'Wireless Authentication Platform for Healthcare Applications', IEEE MTT-S International Wireless Symposium, Shenzhen, China, 30/03/2015 - 01/04/2015.

Juul, JP 2015, 'Wireless Sensor Networks and Localization for Monitoring Biomass Storages'.

Kirkegaard, T, Waldstrøm, C & Andersen, JH 2015, With a little coping from my friends: A mixed methods study of the distributed nature of coping in organisations. in STRESS AS A SOCIOCULTURAL PHENOMENON EXPLORING THE DISTRIBUTED NATURE OF STRESS IN AN ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT: EXPLORING THE DISTRIBUTED NATURE OF STRESS IN AN ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT. Aalborg Universitetsforlag, pp. 149-179. <http://vbn.aau.dk/files/208955709/Tanja_phd_dokument_alm_3dec_2014_trykklar_public_EPUB.pdf>

Kirkegaard, T & Waldstrøm, C 2015, 'With a Little Coping From my Friends', SUNBELT, Brighton, United Kingdom, 23/06/2015 - 28/06/2015.

Frederiksen, A, Halliday, T & Koch, AK 2015, 'Within- and Cross-firm Mobility and Earnings Growth', Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 320-353. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019793915611412

Goenaga, J, Yamane, T, Rönn, J & Arnqvist, G 2015, 'Within-species divergence in the seminal fluid proteome and its effect on male and female reproduction in a beetle', BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol. 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-015-0547-2

Smith, N & Smith, V 2015, 'Women in top management positions - why so few? And does it matter? A survey of recent empirical results for Danish companies', Danish Journal of Management & Business, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 23-36.

McAtackney, L 2015, Women’s autograph books: (re)remembering the Easter Rising through the experiences of the Irish Civil War. . in L Gosden & J Bruck (eds), Making 1916: The Material and Visual Culture of the Easter Rising. Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, pp. 110-119.

Mortensen, J , Kristensen, LQ, Brooks, EP & Brooks, AL 2015, 'Women with fibromyalgia's experience with three motion-controlled video game consoles and indicators of symptom severity and performance of activities of daily living', Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 61-6. https://doi.org/10.3109/17483107.2013.836687

van Halder, I, Barnagaud, J-Y, Jactel, H & Barbaro, L 2015, 'Woodland habitat quality prevails over fragmentation for shaping butterfly diversity in deciduous forest remnants', Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 357, pp. 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.08.025

Rijkhoff, J 2015, Word Order. in J Wright (ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences . 2 edn, vol. 25, Elsevier, Oxford UK, pp. 644–656 . https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.53031-1

Schilhab, T 2015, 'Words as cultivators of others minds', Frontiers in Psychology, no. 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01690

Roll, M, Söderström, P, Mannfolk, P, Shtyrov, Y, Johansson, M, van Westen, D & Horne, M 2015, 'Word tones cueing morphosyntactic structure: Neuroanatomical substrates and activation time-course assessed by EEG and fMRI', Brain and Language, vol. 150, pp. 14-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2015.07.009

Bøgh, KS , Chester, S & Assent, I 2015, 'Work-Efficient Parallel Skyline Computation for the GPU', Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 962-973. https://doi.org/10.14778/2777598.2777605

Petersen, KE 2015, 'Working with socially vulnerable children in day-care institutions – what works?', International Journal of Technology and Inclusive Education, IJTIE, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 636-644. <http://infonomics-society.ie/wp-content/uploads/ijtie/published-papers/volume-4-2015/Working-with-Socially-Vulnerable-Children-in-Day-Care-Institutions%E2%80%93What-Works.pdf>

Ostoic, AR 2015, Working with Two-Mode Networks in `multiplex'. <https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/multiplex/vignettes/TwoModeNetworks.pdf>

Nielsen, ML , Kalpazidou Schmidt, E & Graversen, EK 2015, Work-life balance, mentoring programmes and career support activities.

Hansen, ÅM, Gullander, M, Hogh, A, Persson, R, Kolstad, HA , Willert, MV, Bonde, JP, Kaerlev, L, Rugulies, R & Grynderup, MB 2015, 'Workplace bullying, sleep problems and leisure-time physical activity: a prospective cohort study', Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3537

Eskildsen, A , Andersen, LPS , Pedersen, AD , Vandborg, SK & Andersen, JH 2015, 'Work-related stress is associated with impaired neuropsychological test performance: a clinical cross-sectional study', Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands), vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 198-207. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2015.1004629

Hansen, AS 2015, 'World Network of Friends: Africa-Asia regional partnerships and South-South development cooperation', Paper presented at Europe-Japan Advanced Research Network, Pavia, Italy, 04/06/2015 - 05/06/2015.

Jepsen, P , Grønbæk, L & Vilstrup, H 2015, 'Worldwide Incidence of Autoimmune Liver Disease', Digestive Diseases, vol. 33 Suppl 2, pp. 2-12. https://doi.org/10.1159/000440705

Thach, T 2015, 'Worldwide population structure in the past of Puccinia striiformis from wheat'.

Ali, S, Enjalbert, J, Gladieux, P, Justesen, AF , Hovmøller, MS & de Vallavieille-Pope, C 2015, Worldwide spread of wheat yellow rust from the centre of diversity in Himalayas. in Abstracts : 14th International Cereal Rusts and Powdery Mildews Conference 2015. pp. 19-19, 14th International Cereal Rusts and Powdery Mildews Conference 2015 , Helsingør, Denmark, 05/07/2015.

Aliko, A, Wolff, A, Dawes, C, Aframian, D, Proctor, G, Ekström, J, Narayana, N, Villa, A, Sia, YW, Joshi, RK, McGowan, R, Beier Jensen, S, Kerr, AR, Lynge Pedersen, AM & Vissink, A 2015, 'World Workshop on Oral Medicine VI: Clinical implications of medication-induced salivary gland dysfunction', Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, vol. 120, no. 2, pp. 185-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2014.10.027

Vohnsen, NH 2015, 'Worst practice – ‘from scratch tænkning’ i sociale eksperimenter : worst practice', Social Kritik:Tidsskrift for social analyse & debat, vol. 27, no. 142, pp. 20-25.

Petersen, B , Sørensen, SD, Pedersen, ER, Parsons, C & Vuust, P 2015 'Wrap it in rap! - Music Making with Adolescent CI Users'.

Eckmann, JH, Brix, L & Nielsen, R 2015, 'Wrist Injuries in Elderly Women is Overlooked when Using X-ray in Comparison to MRI', ESMRMB, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 01/10/2015 - 03/10/2015.

Khair, T 2015, 'Write Wing Protests', The Hindu Literary Review.

Krysa, J & Parikka, J (eds) 2015, Writing and unwriting (media) art history: Erkki Kurenniemi 2048. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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