Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Andersen, RS 2026, Kronisk Alene - Et spørgsmål om afmagt? Gad.

Pio, F 2026, 'Krystalbørn i ingenmandsland. Grundskolens aktuelle problemer med vold og manglende respekt håndteres idag med høj grad af anvendt psykologi. Har skolen i denne proces mistet sin forankring i klassisk pædagogik?', Studier i læreruddannelse og -profession.

Wray, KB 2026, Kuhn’s influence and legacy. in F Padovani & AT Tuboly (eds), Routledge Handbook of the History of Philosophy of Science after Kant . Routledge, New York and London, pp. 241-250. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003381051-25

Wray, KB 2026, Kuhn's The structure of Scientific Revolutions. in Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy On-line.

Wray, KB 2026, 'Kuhn's Way of Working: Insight from Kuhn's Wittgensteinian Phase', H O P O S.

Nielsen, KH & Ravn, T 2026, 'Kunstig intelligens i sundhedsvæsenet: Historiske rødder, teknologiske skift og samfundsmæssige konsekvenser', Bibliotek for Læger, vol. 218, no. 1, pp. 12-21.

Petersen, RJ , Hoffmann, CC , Zak, DH & Thodsen, H 2026, 'Kvælstofbelastningens betydning for effektiviteten af vådområder', No. 2025-0924356, 21 p., Fagligt notat fra DCE – Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi (2020-...), no. 3, vol. 2026. <https://dce.au.dk/fileadmin/dce.au.dk/Udgivelser/Notater_2026/N2026_03.pdf>

Møller, HB (ed.), Børsting, CF (ed.), Kai, P , van der Heide, ME , Nørgaard, JV , Hellwing, ALF , Brask, MJ, Jensen, HB, Tybirk, P, Grove, SS, Martinussen, H, Kjeldsen, AM, Provstgård, N & Sällberg, SS 2026, Kvælstof- og fosforbalancer i biogasanlæg samt variationer i normtal for husdyrgødning. Rådgivningsrapport fra DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy.

Albrechtsen, C & Jensen, TW 2026, Kvalitative undersøgelser med AI - trin for trin. vol. 1, 1. udgave edn, Samfundslitteratur.

Lejsgaard, ED & Bech-Larsen, T 2026, Kvalitetsindeks 2025 - Fokus på højst 5 håndfulde. Aarhus Universitet.

Etzerodt, SF 2026, 'Kvinder beskytter klimaet', Weekendavisen.

Kloppenborg, A , Frederickson, LB , Nielsen, R, Sabel, CE, Skallgaard, T, Löndahl, J, Laurent, JGC & Sigsgaard, T 2026, 'Laboratory Evaluation of ARMIE, a Portable SPS30-Based Low-Cost Sensor Node for PM_2.5 Monitoring', Sensors, vol. 26, no. 1, 280. https://doi.org/10.3390/s26010280

Andersen, FØ, Bostedt, G, Boström, L & Dahl, KKB 2026, 'Lærermangel i Danmark og Sverige: resultat af WATSup projektet', Kognition & Pædagogik, vol. 36, no. 139, pp. 5-13.

Dahl, KKB 2026, 'Lærermangel som meningsfyldt frafald – fra rekruttering til exit igennem drøm, vakuum, kald og krydspres.', Kognition & Pædagogik, pp. 51-59.

Mørck, LL 2026, 'Læring og overskridelse af marginalisering blandt udsatte unge i folkeskolen', Unge Pædagoger, no. 1, pp. 65-75.

Wahlgren, B , Aarkrog, V, Duch, H & Hersom, H 2026, 'Læringsmiljø i erhvervsuddannelserne: Sammenhæng mellem normer, stemning og lærerroller', Scandinavian Journal of Vocations in Development, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 44-58.

Birinci, E, Çeker, AO, Çapraz, Ö, Özdemir, H & Deniz, A 2026, 'Lagged and Temperature-Dependent Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on COPD Hospitalizations in Istanbul', Environments - MDPI, vol. 13, no. 1, 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments13010056

Olsen, JV, Lundhede, T, Zemo, KH, Thorsøe, MH , Greve, MB & Pedersen, MF 2026, 'Landowners' Willingness to Participate in Temporary and Permanent Agri-Environmental Schemes', Journal of Agricultural Economics. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.70035

French, C 2026, 'Language as an impulse: NTL and the artist’s way', Paper presented at TaPRA 2025, Coventry, United Kingdom, 27/08/2025 - 29/08/2025.

Eaton, M 2026, Language Change in Covid-19 Crisis Communication. in M Eaton, J Korkka & KM Jóhannsdóttir (eds), "From Far and Wide": Cultures, Memories, and Identities in Canada. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Møller, C, Svendsen, SV, Paulsen, E & Thomsen, K 2026, 'Langvarigt udredningsforløb af analfissur med komplicerende kontakteksem', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 188, no. 2, V08250669. https://doi.org/10.61409/V08250669

Roman, H, Denost, Q, Celhay, O & Merlot, B 2026, 'Laparoconversion for Hemostasis During Robotic Surgery for Complex Deep Endometriosis of Sacral Plexus and Sciatic Nerve Does Not Avoid Coming Back to Gasless Robotic Procedure', Journal of minimally invasive gynecology, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 160-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2025.06.013

Krogh, LQ , Hansen, LK , Helmig, RB , Sundtoft, I, Kloster, A, Forman, A , Ulbjerg, N & Glavind, J 2026, 'Laparoscopic cervical cerclage and pregnancy outcomes in consecutive pregnancies: An observational study', Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, vol. 105, no. 3, pp. 492-498. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.70125

Andreasen, CD, Jeppesen, TD , Hasenkam, JM & Jedrzejczyk, JH 2026, 'Large animal models of ischemic mitral regurgitation - systematic review and meta-analysis', Frontiers in Medical Technology, vol. 7, 1687873. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmedt.2025.1687873

Trepel, J , Atkinson, J , le Roux, E , Abraham, AJ, Aucamp, M, Greve, M, Greyling, M, Kalwij, JM, Khosa, S, Lindenthal, L, Makofane, C, Mokoena, L, Oosthuizen, A, Rech, BJ, Lundgren, E, Svenning, JC & Buitenwerf, R 2026, 'Large herbivores are linked to higher herbaceous plant diversity and functional redundancy across spatial scales', Journal of Animal Ecology, vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 230-242. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.70181

Rincón-Palau, K, Badosa, A, Avci, F, Bartrons, M, Beklioglu, M, Boix, D, Cuenca-Cambronero, M, Davidson, TA, Lacerot, G, Lemmens, P, Martín, L, Meerhoff, M, Mehner, T, Wijns, R & Brucet, S 2026, 'Larger crustacean zooplankton thrive at lower temperatures and under reduced predation in pond ecosystems', Hydrobiologia. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-025-06083-x

Dias, J, Yen, L, Alcon, F, Contreras, J, Abrantes, N, Campos, I, Baldi, I, Bureau, M, Christ, F, Mandrioli, D, Sgargi, D, Pasković, I, Pasković, MP, Glavan, M, Hofman, J, Lwanga, EH, Harkes, P, Norgaard, T, Aparicio, V, Silva, V, Schlünssen, V, Alaoui, A, Scheepers, PTJ & Mol, H 2026, 'Large scale biomonitoring of glyphosate and AMPA by analysis of human and animal feces and comparison with urine', Environment International, vol. 207, 110021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.110021

Egedal, JH , Dias, AH, Nienhuis, PH, Brouwer, E, Hauge, EM , Hansen, IT, Rasch, MNB, Slart, RHJA, Gormsen, LC & Nielsen, BD 2026, 'Large Vessel Vasculitis Primarily Affecting the Lower Extremities: A Case Series and Literature Review', JCR: Journal of Clinical Rheumatology, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 74-77. https://doi.org/10.1097/RHU.0000000000002296

Gillespie, MAK & Hegland, SJ 2026, 'Larval fitness of a generalist butterfly under experimental warming and spring drought depends on host species and timing', Ecological Entomology, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 177-190. https://doi.org/10.1111/een.70031

He, L, Zhang, M, Wang, P, Li, J, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Ye, X, Yan, X, Zhou, S, Liu, S, Zhao, P & Zhou, X 2026, 'Laser melting deposition of dual-phase tungsten-based refractory high-entropy alloys: Face-centered cubic-driven strength and ductility synergy revealed by first-principles calculations', Journal of Materials Science and Technology, vol. 265, pp. 100-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.033

Bozorgtabar, B, Mahapatra, D, Roy , S, Naseer, M, Razzak, I & Ge, Z 2026, LATA: Laplacian-Assisted Transductive Adaptation for Conformal Uncertainty in Medical VLMs. in Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. IEEE. <https://arxiv.org/pdf/2602.17535>

Kristensen, TM 2026, Late Antique Art and Architecture. in N Lenski (ed.), Oxford History of the Roman World. vol. 11., Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Meyer, SIR 2026, 'Late Pulmonary Adverse Effects in Childhood and Adolescent Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Survivors: The ALL-STAR Lungs study', PhD, Department of Clinical Medicine - Department of Paediatrics.

Zhang, K, Li, D, Wang, K, Duan, B, Zhu, L, Peng, R, Lv, W, Zhang, S, Ma, Y, Cheng, G, Liu, X, Zhang, L, Wang, J, Zhu, X, Dong, L & Luo, Y 2026, 'Lattice-distortion Induced Niobium-based Perovskite Polarization Cascade Regulates Na+/K+ ATPase to Enhance Pyroptosis for Cancer Treatment', Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 36, no. 1, e11949. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202511949

Kaaber, L , Schropp, L , Spin-Neto, R & Matzen, LH 2026, 'Lavdosis Cone Beam CT-undersøgelse i oral implantologi: en oversigtsartikel', Aktuel Nordisk Odontologi.

Buchholtz, PE 2026, 'Lavfrekvent repetitiv transkraniel magnetisk stimulation mod depression', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 188, no. 4, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.61409/V06250521

Szerlauth, A, Anand, S, Szenti, I, Chen, M , Dong, M, Kónya, Z & Szilágyi, I 2026, 'Layered double hydroxide nanozyme decorated polycaprolactone membranes as superoxide radical scavengers', ChemPhysMater, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 100-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chphma.2025.10.001

Purup, PB , Petersen, S, Christensen, J, Jensen, SR, Schlesinger, M & Gylling, T 2026, LCA VOLUME: Sænk klimaaftrykket med parametrisk byplanmodel. vol. 1, 1. udgave edn, bevar-mere.dk.

Andreis, L, Bassetti, F & Hirsch, C 2026, 'LDP for the covariance process in fully connected Gaussian neural networks', Electronic Journal of Probability, vol. 31, 22. https://doi.org/10.1214/26-EJP1477

Svendsen, LKB & Lüscher, L 2026, 'Leading a Both/And Company: The Case of an In-House Marketing Agency', Paradox Research, Education and Practice Conference 2026, 23/03/2026 - 25/03/2026.

Rasmussen, LR 2026, 'Learning about Chocolate and Modes of Production. Unravelling the Intertwining of Private Companies and Public Schooling in Denmark from the late 20th century into the 21st century', Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education.

Rossen, L 2026, 'Learning cooking competence after leaving home: A mixed-methods systematic review of emerging adults', Appetite, vol. 222, 108511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2026.108511

Boenisch, PM 2026, 'Learning from Schauspiel Dortmund about Diversity and Inclusion in Theatre Production: Towards an “Archipelagic Dramaturgy”', Peripeti - tidsskrift for dramaturgiske studier, vol. 23, no. 41, https://doi.org/10.7146/peri.v23i41.163891, pp. 18-31. https://doi.org/10.7146/peri.v23i41.163891

Jakobsen, ML & Møller, AM 2026, Ledelse. in S Vikkelsø & P Kjær (eds), Klassisk og Moderne Organisationsteori. 2 edn, Hans Reitzels Forlag, København.

Jønsson, TF 2026, Ledelse i det 21. århundrede: Forskning. Udvikling. Perspektiver. Akademisk Forlag, København.

Jønsson, TF & Bachmann, RG 2026, 'Ledelsesteorier i dag – i et raketperspektiv', lederweb.dk. <https://www.lederweb.dk/ledelsesteorier-i-dag-i-et-raketperspektiv/>

Kumarathurai, P, Terkelsen, CJ, Nissen, H, Povlsen, JA , Vase, H, Jørgensen, MD, Laursen, K, Dahl Pedersen, AL , Thim, T, Eftekhari, A, Freeman, P, Uttenthal, F, Christiansen, U, Christiansen, EH & Dahl, JS 2026, 'Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Insights From the COMPARE-TAVI-1 Study', JACC: Advances, vol. 5, no. 2, 102547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.102547

De Marco, C, Asatryan, B, Te Riele, ASJM, Di Marco, A, Gasperetti, A, Delinière, A, Roberts, JD, Jensen, HK, Davies, B, Krahn, AD, Tadros, R, Svensson, A, Castelletti, S, Crotti, L, Platonov, PG, Borowiec, K, Biernacka, EK, Arbelo, E, David, L-P, Saguner, AM, Healey, JS, Brunckhorst, C, Cappelletto, C, Stolfo, D, Merlo, M, Rootwelt-Norberg, C, Haugaa, K, Duru, F, van Tintelen, JP, Velthuis, BK, Calkins, H, Zimmerman, SL, James, CA, Bosman, LP & Cadrin-Tourigny, J 2026, 'Left Ventricular Late Gadolinium Enhancement for Arrhythmic Risk Prediction in ARVC', Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, vol. 19, no. 2, e014265, pp. e014265. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.125.014265

Van Scharen, A, Goudman, L, Meier, K, Billot, M, Roulaud, M, Rigoard, P, Eldabe, S, Cornu, P, Deneyer, M & Moens, M 2026, 'Legal and Ethical Considerations for Clinical Research in Neuromodulation in the European Union: The Chimaera Checklist', Neuromodulation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurom.2025.12.010

Pedersen, HH 2026, 'Legislator or Representative? Politicians’ Tasks According to Voters', British Journal of Political Science, vol. 56, e4. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123425101245

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