Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Hansen, FB , Brodersen, KD , Secher, N , Prat-Duran, J , Mogensen, S , Simonsen, U & Granfeldt, A 2026, 'Attenuated myogenic response and contractility in middle cerebral arteries after cardiac arrest - a randomized experimental rat study', Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 140, no. 3, pp. 710-721. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00527.2025

Gamborg, ML 2026, 'At the precipice of assessing adaptive expertise?', Advances in Health Sciences Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-026-10526-y

Therkildsen, SB , Andersen, B & Tatari, CR 2026, 'Attitudes and information-needs towards a risk-based optimization of colorectal cancer screening among Danish citizens: a qualitative study', Discover public health, vol. 23, no. 1, 116. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-026-01470-8

Fenny, AP, Otieku, E, Amoah, RO, Jejeti, M, Labi, AK, Hedidor, GK & Enemark, U 2026, 'Attributable societal cost of antimicrobial resistance in Ghana: a microsimulation study focusing on sociodemographic groups', BMJ Open, vol. 16, no. 2, e111045. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2025-111045

Moos, K, Baldinger, M, Perez Haas, Y, Ludwig, R, Looman, E, Balermpas, P, Sofia Korreman, S & Unkelbach, J 2026, 'A tumor control probability model for elective nodal irradiation to balance toxicity and regional tumor control in treatment plan optimization for head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma', Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol. 71, no. 3. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ae4165

Arnórsdóttir, AS 2026, Augnablik frá íslenskum annálum 1400-1800.

Zamora Luria, JC & Christiansen, AV 2026, 'A Unique Long-term Monitoring Transient Electromagnetic Dataset', Scientific Data, vol. 13, no. 1, 78. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06386-7

Jensen, JA , Mørk, N , Tolstrup, M , Søgaard, O, Dalhuisen, T, Rodriguez, A, Hoh, R, Peluso, MJ, Deeks, SG, Casanova, J-L & Mogensen, TH 2026, 'Autoantibodies neutralizing type 1 interferons in two cohorts of people with HIV', Journal of human immunity, vol. 2, no. 2, e20250179. https://doi.org/10.70962/jhi.20250179

Gervais, A, Marchal, A, Boucherit, S, Abi Haidar, A, Bizien, L, Yalcinkaya, A, Sandström, E, Kong, XF, Jacquemin, E, Bernard, O, Debray, D, Lacaille, F, Ichai, P, Arikan, C, Javouhey, E, Roquelaure, B, Gottrand, F, Trespidi, F, Codullo, V, Cavagna, L, Schleinitz, N, Bousfiha, M, Amenzoui, N, Bousfiha, AA, Jørgensen, SE , Mørk, N , Mogensen, TH, Bastard, P, Puel, A, Borghesi, A, Rule, JA, Lee, WM, Landegren, N, Cobat, A, Casanova, JL & Jouanguy, E 2026, 'Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs in patients with fulminant herpes simplex virus hepatitis', The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 223, no. 3, e20251760. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20251760

Allé, MC & Berntsen, D 2026, 'Autobiographical Memory Disturbances in Schizophrenia and the Psychosis Continuum: Integrating New Insights', Current Directions in Psychological Science, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214251356517

Breeur, M, Atkins, J, Peruchet-Noray, L, Bonheme, L, Alcala, N, Dossus, L, Jenab, M, Johansson, M, Rinaldi, S, Travis, RC, Bork, C, Dahm, CC, Tjønneland, A, Olsen, A, Naudin, S, Park, S, Truong, T, Katzke, V, Le Cornet, C, Schulze, MB, Prada, M, Sacerdote, C, Bendinelli, B, Agnoli, C, Pasanisi, F, Gálvez-Navas, JM, Guevara, M, Heath, AK, Yarmolinsky, J, Gunter, MJ, Ferrari, P, Smith-Byrne, K & Viallon, V 2026, 'Autoencoders reveal polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-Related metabolic signature linked to cancer risk', EBioMedicine, vol. 124, 106147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2026.106147

Kraglund, RA 2026, Autofiction's Circulation in Nordic Literature. in The Routledge Companion to Nordic Literature. Routledge.

Alqaisi, H, Dige, A, Thorlacius-Ussing, O & Lundby, L 2026, 'Autologous Adipose Tissue Injection as Treatment for Ileoanal Pouch-Related Fistulae', United European Gastroenterology Journal, vol. 14, no. 1, e70146. https://doi.org/10.1002/ueg2.70146

Fisher, K, Garcia, MA, Frattari, GS, Naasz, C, Zhuo, J, Rosás-Umbert, M , Dietz, LL , Juhl, AK , Falling Iversen, E , Olesen, R , Schleimann, MH , Pahus, MH, Johansen, IS, Henderson, M, Carrere, L, Roseto, I, Gao, C, Yu, XG, Fray, EJ, Aydin, B, Lubbeck, D, Lai, J, Simonetti, FR, Danesh, A, Miller, I, Mendoza, P, Niessl, J, Gaebler, C, Seaman, MS, Kaufmann, DE, Lehmann, C, Gruell, H, Klein, F, Caskey, M, Nussenzweig, MC, Tolstrup, M, Jones, RB, Gunst, JD, Siliciano, JD, Lichterfeld, M, Siliciano, RF & Søgaard, OS 2026, 'Autologous neutralizing antibodies and polyfunctional T cells contribute to long-term HIV-1 post-intervention control', Nature Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-026-02448-z

Borde, DP, Ms, SB, Misra, S, Joshi, S, Das, D, Chidambaram, K, Labus, J, Mora, B, Juhl-Olsen, P, Mahadi, A, Apsingekar, P, Deodhar, A, Takalkar, U, Babu, K, Jothinath, K & Koshy, T 2026, 'Automated Measurements of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction During Cardiac Surgery by Transesophageal Echocardiography: Auto-EF Study', Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 85-93. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2025.10.001

Petersen, AK 2026, 'Automated use of 3D data in forensic odontology identification', PhD, Aarhus University.

Cho, S, Yankowitz, L, Fusaroli, R, Lyons, M, Franke, H, Mulqueen, A, Howard, N, Fullop, L, Lee, A, Schillinger, S, Fiumara, J, Tunc, B, Liberman, M, Schultz, RT & Parish-Morris, J 2026, 'Automatic detection of autism using large vision-language models: A preliminary analysis.', INSAR 2026, Prague, Czech Republic, 22/04/2026 - 25/04/2026.

Harms, HJ , Nielsen, BR, Kero, T, Nordström, J, Mörner, S, Karlsson, P, Lubberink, M, Wiggers, H , Tolbod, LP & Sorensen, J 2026, 'Automatic volumetric estimates of the left and right atrium using dynamic PET', EJNMMI research, vol. 16, no. 1, 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13550-025-01352-1

Ayoubi, D , Hasan, G, Viegas, LP, Kubečka, J & Elm, J 2026, 'Automatization of Atmospheric OH Radical Abstraction Reactions', The journal of physical chemistry. A, vol. 130, no. 4, pp. 914-926. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5c07873

Anker, AS, Jensen, JH, González-Duque, M, Moreno, R, Smolska, A, Juelsholt, M, Hardion, V, Jørgensen, MRV, Faíña, A, Quinson, J, Støy, K & Vegge, T 2026, 'Autonomous Synthesis of Nanoparticles with Target Scattering Patterns', ACS Nano, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 6767-6782. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c15488

Mari, M, Martinez-Vicente, M & Supported by Women In Autophagy 2026, 'Autophagy beyond Earth: Dr. Ghada Alsaleh on aging, cells, and space', Autophagy, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 627-629. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2025.2601858

Catania, L & Mingoli, G 2026 'Autoregressive Models with Non-Causal ARCH Volatility'. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6095631

Katz, S, Suijker, J, Skrede, S, Meij-de Vries, A, Pijpe, A, Norrby-Teglund, A, Medina, LMP, Damås, JK, Hyldegaard, O, Solligård, E, Svensson, M & PerAID/PerMIT/INFECT study group 2026, 'A validated model for early prediction of group A streptococcal aetiology in necrotising soft tissue infections using minimal patient data', BMC Medicine, vol. 24, 76. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04593-y

Eruzun, H & Gronbaek, H 2026, 'Awareness of Primary Biliary Cholangitis Among Turkish Physicians: A Cross-Sectional, Multicenter, Web-Based Survey', Journal of Clinical Medicine, vol. 15, no. 2, 915. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15020915

Mulders, M , Tulloch, M & Aschemann-Witzel, J 2026, 'Awareness without action? Consumer perceptions and more plant-based eating trends over time (2021, 2022, 2024) in Denmark', Journal of Environmental Psychology, vol. 142, 105919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2026.105919

Diaz-Lozano, P & Kloster, TK 2026 'A Wiener Chaos Approach to Martingale Modelling and Implied Volatility Calibration'.

Winther-Lindqvist, DA , Nielsen, AM , Kolmos, M & Kousholt, D 2026, A World care pedagogy. in L Tateo, N Chimirri & C Bacigalupe (eds), Handbook of Environment, Nature, Climate and Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Christensen, AA , Lavy, S & Christensen, JH 2026, 'Back to Basics: Increasing Tiredness and Hunger in Nordic Classrooms and Their Links to Disorderly Behaviour and Academic Achievement', European Journal of Education, vol. 61, no. 2. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.70582

Samanta, A , Malle, MG , Tsang, E , Omer, M , Skaanning, MK , Youssef, S , Kjems, J & Gothelf, KV 2026, 'Bacteriophage-Mimetic DNA Origami Needle for Targeted Membrane Penetration and Cytosolic Cargo Delivery', Advanced Science, vol. 13, no. 10, e12844. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202512844

Nielsen, JI & Primorac, J 2026, Balancing acts: incentive schemes logics in small European film markets. in Value creation and competitiveness in small European markets., 2, pp. 16-24. https://doi.org/10.3030/101094988

Mogensen, N, Packer, C, Svenning, JC, Amoke, I & Buitenwerf, R 2026, 'Balancing benefits and burdens: Tourist camps and lion conservation in the Maasai Mara', Conservation Science and Practice, vol. 8, no. 2, e70210. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70210

Nielsen, MK & Tambo, T 2026, Balancing manufacturing technology innovation between process, unit and operating model – a sociotechnical view. in F Armellini, S Njah, E Mosconi & B Nunes (eds), Technology Management for Intelligent, Open and Responsible Organizations and Ecosystems : Proceedings of the 34th IAMOT Conference. Springer, Switzerland, Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics, pp. 1-8, International Association for Management of Technology, Montreal, Canada, 16/06/2025.

Wang, C, Zhang, M, He, L, Kan, S, Song, R, Zhao, D, Li, J, Cong, D & Zhou, X 2026, 'Balancing the Competing Effects of Carrier and Phonon Transport Mechanisms to Enhance the Thermoelectric Properties of p-Type Ti₂Zr_2−xHf₂Nb₂Fe_5.6Ni_2.4Sb₈ Double Half-Heusler Alloys via Cation Vacancy Engineering', Energy and Environmental Materials, vol. 9, no. 2, e70170. https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.70170

Kristensen, AT , Christiansen, EH , Holm, NR, Kelbæk, H, Engstrøm, T, Veien, K, Raungaard, B, Kleveland, O, Bennett, J, Laanmets, P, Jakobsen, L, Havndrup, O, Lønborg, JT, Ahlehoff, O, Iversen, A, Vatwani, AK, Støttrup, NB, Jensen, LO, Christensen, MK, Haahr-Pedersen, SA, Charlot, MG, Gabriel, EE & Olsen, NT 2026, 'Balloon Lithotripsy Added to Conventional Preparation Before Stent Implantation in Severely Calcified Coronary Lesions', JACC. Cardiovascular interventions, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 331-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2025.09.028

Borgen, L , Kipp, JO , Petersen, ET , Falstie-Jensen, T , Thillemann, TM , Brüel, A & Stilling, M 2026, 'Bankart Repair Does Not Stabilize Glenohumeral Joints With 10% Glenoid Bone Loss. A Dynamic Radiostereometry Study of Glenohumeral Joint Kinematics', Journal of Orthopaedic Research, vol. 44, no. 2, JOR70148. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.70148

Steiner, DK, Krogager, ML, Polcwiartek, C, Graff, C, Christensen, HC, Andersen, MP, Terkelsen, CJ , Christiansen, EH , Nielsen, JC , Kronborg, MB , Sommer, AM , Thim, T, Ellert, J, Johansen, JB, Bieliauskas, G, De Backer, O, Vinther, M, Simonsen, C, Riahi, S, Riddersholm, SJ, Torp-Pedersen, C, Kragholm, KH & Eftekhari, A 2026, 'Baseline right bundle branch block and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a Danish nationwide cohort study', European Heart Journal Open, vol. 6, no. 1, oeag004. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjopen/oeag004

Rasmussen, AM, Bouchard-Côté, A & Pedersen, JS 2026, 'bayesReact: expression-coupled regulatory motif analysis detects microRNA activity across cancers, tissues, and at the single-cell level', Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 54, no. 4, gkag072. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkag072

Lykkesfeldt, J & Simonsen, U 2026, 'BCPT 2025 Prizes and Awards', Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, vol. 138, no. 1, e70185. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.70185

Stupacher, J , Møller, C , Celma-Miralles, A & Vuust, P 2026, 'Beat perception in polyrhythms is influenced by spontaneous motor tempo, musicianship, and played musical style', Psychology of Music, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 215-234. https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356241311581

Hartmann-Petersen, T 2026, 'Becoming Allies: Mobilizing Bystander Interventions to Prevent Sexual Violence among Danish Upper Secondary Students', PhD, Aarhus University.

Ebdrup, I 2026, 'Becoming a Thriving Student: Intersectional Perspectives on School Wellbeing', NERA 2026, Århus, Denmark, 04/03/2026 - 06/03/2026.

Mihatsch, MA & Andersen, C 2026, 'Becoming Independent: Institutions and Epistemologies of History Writing in the Age of Decolonisation', Itinerario. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0165115325100302

Abood, AA-H , Nielsen, CL, Holm, CE, Petersen, MM & Baad-Hansen, T 2026, 'Behandling af sarkomer i bevægeapparatet hos voksne', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 2026, no. 187, V05250391, pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.61409/V05250391

Amorim Franchi, G, de Evan, T, Weisbjerg, MR & Jensen, MB 2026, 'Behavioral changes in dairy cows feed-supplemented with 3-nitrooxypropanol: a pilot study', Dairy Science and Management, vol. 3, 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s44363-026-00024-2

Christensen, JW & Uldahl, M 2026, 'Behaviour of Icelandic horses during gait competitions and the association with oral lesions', Applied Animal Behaviour Science, vol. 299, 106987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2026.106987

Olesen, MR & Pedersen, RB 2026, 'Behind Closed Doors. Reassessing European Participation in the Kosovo Intervention through the Case of Denmark', European Security.

Lieberkind, J 2026, Being a Pedagogical Subject in School or Becoming a Political Subject for Society: Citizenship and Democratic Education in Denmark. in K Tirri (ed.), Nordic Perspectives on Moral and Citizenship Education. Brill, Leiden, pp. 31-54. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004745902_003

Marras, GB, Marzullo, M, Schmidt, F, French, C, Sheldrake, M, Motta, L, Garzulino, A, Tentori, D, Zerboni, A, stoddart, S & Trentacoste, A 2026, 'Beneath the city: micromorphological insights into Etruscan urban life, infrastructure, and ritual spaces from Tarquinia, Central Italy', Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, vol. 18, no. 1, 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-025-02373-6

Larsen, SKA , Wilkinson, MS , Kjærgaard, KD, Ditlev, MK, Greve, SB, Andersen, MB, Axelsen, S & Graumann, O 2026, 'Bestemmelse af nyrefunktionen før jodholdige CT-undersøgelser', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 188, no. 9, V09250743. https://doi.org/10.61409/V09250743

Skoulakis, S, Muller, A, Viano, L, Cevher, V & Scheider, J 2026, 'Best of Both Worlds: Regret Minimization versus Minimax Play'.

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Lise Refstrup Linnebjerg Pedersen