Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Grunert, KG, Zhou, Y & Loebnitz, N 2015, 'Supermarket literacy and use of branding in China: The case of fresh meat', Paper presented at 143 EAAE/AAEA Joint seminar , Napoli, Italy, 25/03/2015 - 27/03/2015.

Overgaard, K, Aagaard, PG, Andersen, LJ, Grønbæk, M, Lichtenstein, MB, Nielsen, RØ, Pedersen, BK & Roos, E 2015, 'Supermotionisme og helbred: Statusartikel', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 177, no. V11140611, pp. 2-5.

Valenti, S, Sand, D, Stritzinger, M, Howell, DA, Arcavi, I, McCully, C, Childress, MJ, Hsiao, YCE , Contreras, C, Morrell, N, Phillips, MM, Gromadzki, M, Kirshner, RP & Marion, GH 2015, 'Supernova 2013by: a Type IIL supernova with a IIP-like light-curve drop', Royal Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices, vol. 448, no. 3, pp. 2608-2616. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv208

Leloudas, G, Hsiao, YCE, Johansson, J, Maeda, K, Moriya, TJ, Nordin, J, Petrushevska, T, Silverman, JM, Sollerman, J, Stritzinger, MD, Taddia, F & Xu, D 2015, 'Supernova spectra below strong circumstellar interaction', Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A), vol. 574, A61. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201322035

Cordes, T, Moerner, W, Orrit, M, Needham, L-M, Sekatskii, S, Faez, S, Goswami, H, Clark, A, Meixner, A, Piatkowski, L, Sandoghar, V, Skinner, G, Balzarotti, F, Langbein, W, Novotny, L, Birkedal, V, Koberling, F, Michaelis, J, Williams, P, Chowdhury, A, van Hulst, N, Dahan, M, Penaherrera, A, Lounis, B, Bohn, PW & Shi, X 2015, 'Supersolution techniques, biophysics with nanostructures, and fluorescence energy transfer: general discussion', Faraday Discussions, vol. 184, pp. 143-162. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5FD90094H

Zhang, C 2015, 'Supervising Pre-service CFL teachers: A case study', Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language ( 对外汉语教学与研究), vol. 2015.

Boldrini, L & Hillebrand, ET 2015 'Supervision in Factor Models Using a Large Number of Predictors' CREATES Research Paper, no. 2015-38, Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus.

Wichmann-Hansen, G & Jensen, TW 2015, Supervision: Process management and communication. in L Rienecker, PS Jørgensen, J Dolin & G Holten Ingerslev (eds), University Teaching and Learning. Samfundslitteratur, Frederiskberg, pp. 327-349.

Engsted, T, Møller, M & Steffensen, M 2015, Supplerende pensionsopsparing: Anbefalinger og gode råd til, hvordan du sammensætter din supplerende pensionsopsparing. Penge- og Pensionspanelet, København.

Thomsen, IK , Hansen, EM , Vinther, FP & Kristensen, IT 2015, 'Supplerende spørgsmål til besvarelse vedr. evaluering af nyt alternativ i gødskningsloven ”tidlig såning”', no. 1421405, 7 p., Mar 26, 2015..

Hansen, EM , Thomsen, IK & Jensen, J 2015, 'Supplerende spørgsmål til notat vedr. "Kontroltrappe" for efterafgrøder', no. 1398477, 7 p., Feb 19, 2015..

Normann, U, Ellegaard, C & Møller, MM 2015, 'Supplier perceptions of distributive injustice in sustainable apparel sourcing', Paper presented at Annual IMP Conference, Kolding, Denmark, 01/04/2015.

Aalborg Universitet, Englyst, L, Johansen, J, Møller, C, Arlbjørn, JS & Lassen, AH 2015, Supply chain udvikling: for den reflekterende praktiker. Aalborg Universitetsforlag, Aalborg Universitet. <http://vbn.aau.dk/files/220766996/Supply_Chain_Udvikling_OA.pdf>

Ren, J, Goodsite, M & Sovacool, B 2015, ''Supply Push’ or ‘Demand Pull?’: Strategic Recommendations for the Responsible Development of Biofuel in China', Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 52, pp. 382-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.115

Dalsgaard, P , Halskov, K, Mackay, W, Maiden, N & Martens, J-B 2015, Supporting Creative Design Processes in Blended Interaction Spaces. in Proceedings of ACM Creativity & Cognition 2015Proceedings of ACM Creativity & Cognition 2015C&C '15: Creativity and Cognition. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 393-394. https://doi.org/10.1145/2757226.2767184

Padel, S, Vaarst, M & Zaralis, K 2015, 'Supporting Innovation in Organic Agriculture: A European Perspective Using Experience from the SOLID Project', Sustainable Agriculture Research. https://doi.org/10.5539/sar.v4n3p32

Boschiero, L & Wray, KB 2015, 'Supporting the “metascientific” community', Metascience, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 341-342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11016-015-0028-7

Albuquerque, FSD, Benito, B, Beier, P, Assunção-Albuquerque, MJ & Cayuela, L 2015, 'Supporting underrepresented forests in Mesoamerica', Natureza & Conservacao, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 152-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ncon.2015.02.001

Shvetsov-Shilovskiy, N, Madsen, LB & Räsänen, E 2015, 'Suppression of strong-field ionization by optimal pulse shaping: Application to hydrogen and the hydrogen molecular ion', Physical Review A, vol. 91, 023425. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.91.023425

Ellison, TS, Atkinson, SJ, Steri, V, Kirkup, BM, Preedy, MEJ, Johnson, RT, Ruhrberg, C, Edwards, DR, Schneider, JG, Weilbaecher, K & Robinson, SD 2015, 'Suppression of β3-integrin in mice triggers a neuropilin-1- dependent change in focal adhesion remodelling that can be targeted to block pathological angiogenesis', DMM Disease Models and Mechanisms, vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 1105-1119. https://doi.org/10.1242/dmm.019927

Kerekgyarto, AG, Jeffcoat, CR, Lapen, TJ, Andreasen, R, Righter, M, Ross, DK & Simon, JI 2015, Supra-Canonical Initial 26Al/27Al from a Reprocessed Allende CAI. in 46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. pp. 2918. <http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015LPI....46.2918K>

Sloth, SB , Jørgensen, A, Schroll, JB, Nortvig, H & Møller, C 2015, 'Supracervical versus total hysterectomy in women undergoing hysterectomy for benign gynaecological disease - a new danish recommendation', ESGE European society Gynecologic Endoscopy, Budapest, Hungary, 06/10/2015 - 10/10/2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10397-015-0918-0

Rassam, P, Copeland, NA, Birkholz, O, Tóth, C, Chavent, M, Duncan, AL, Cross, SJ, Housden, NG, Kaminska, R, Seger, U, Quinn, DM, Garrod, TJ, Sansom, MSP, Piehler, J, Baumann, CG & Kleanthous, C 2015, 'Supramolecular assemblies underpin turnover of outer membrane proteins in bacteria', Nature, vol. 523, no. 7560, pp. 333-336. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14461

Borcak, FW 2015, 'Suprotnost duplog? Savremena bosanskohercegovačka književnost dijaspore u Skandinaviji', Sarajevske Sveske, vol. 45-46, pp. 163–77.

Larsen, JJ & Behroozmand, AA 2015, 'Surface-NMR in High Noise Areas', The 21st European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, Turin, Italy, 06/09/2015 - 10/09/2015.

Miclaus, T 2015, 'Surface Phenomena at Silver Nanoparticles in the Context of Toxicology'.

Orfanou, V & Kontogiannis, N 2015, 'Surface pXRF analyses of the Chalcis Treasure from the Ashmolean and British Museums', EAA 2015, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 02/09/2015 - 05/09/2015.

Hornekær, L 2015, Surface Science, in Laboratory Astrochemistry – From Molecules through Nanoparticles to Grains. in S Schlemmer, T Giesen, H Mutschke & C Jäger (eds), Overfladeforskning, indenfor Laboratorie-Astrokemi - fra Molekyler gennem Nanopartikler til korn. Wiley-VCH Verlacg GmbH & Co.

Christensen, ST 2015, Surfaces, Digitisations and Reconstructions.

Alvarez-Martos, I , Campos, R & Ferapontova, EE 2015, 'Surface state of the dopamine RNA aptamer affects specific recognition and binding of dopamine by the aptamer-modified electrodes', Analyst, vol. 140, no. 12, pp. 4089-4096. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5an00480b

Kousholt, A , Kiderlen, M & Hug, D 2015, 'Surface tensor estimation from linear sections', Mathematische Nachrichten, vol. 288, no. 14-15, pp. 1647-1672. https://doi.org/10.1002/mana.201400147

Köhler, A, Maupin, V & Balling, N 2015, 'Surface wave tomography across the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone, SW Scandinavia, using ambient noise and earthquake data', Geophysical Journal International, vol. 203, no. 1, pp. 284-311. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv297

Dalager, T, Søgaard, K, Bech, KT, Mogensen, O & Jensen, PT 2015, 'Surgeons' musculoskeletal pain in minimally invasive surgery', ESGO, Berlin, Germany, 08/10/2007.

Dalager, T, Søgaard, K, Bech (Katrine Tholstrup Pedersen), KT, Mogensen, O & Jensen, PT 2015, 'Surgeons' musculoskeletal pain in minimally invasive surgery', ESGO, Berlin, Germany, 08/10/2007.

Daugaard, G, Gundgaard, MG, Mortensen, MS, Agerbæk, M, Holm, NV, Rørth, MR, von der Maase, H, Jarle Christensen, I & Lauritsen, J 2015, 'Surgery After Relapse in Stage I Nonseminomatous Testicular Cancer', Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 33, no. 20, pp. 2322. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.60.2177

Amelot, A, Balabaud, L, Choi, D, Fox, Z, Crockard, HA, Albert, T, Arts, CM, Buchowski, JM, Bunger, C, Chung, CK, Coppes, MH, Depreitere, B, Fehlings, MG, Harrop, J, Kawahara, N, Kim, ES, Lee, CS, Leung, Y, Liu, ZJ, Martin-Benlloch, JA, Massicotte, EM, Meyer, B, Oner, FC, Peul, W, Qureshi, N, Tokuhashi, Y, Tomita, K, Ulbricht, C, Verlaan, JJ, Wang, M & Mazel, C 2015, 'Surgery for metastatic spine tumors in the elderly. Advanced age is not a contraindication to surgery!', The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2015.07.440

Hansen, RL, Søndergaard, M & Lange, J 2015, 'Surgery versus ultrasound-guided steroid injection for trigger finger: A randomised controlled trial with one year follow-up', Danish Orthopaedic Society Congress, 21/10/2015.

Næser, FK 2015, 'Surgically Induced Astigmatism: Distinguishing Between Dioptric Vectors and Non-vectors', Journal of Refractive Surgery, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 349-50.

Nielsen, EA & Hjortdal, VE 2015, 'Surgically treated pulmonary stenosis: over 50 years of follow-up', Cardiology in the Young, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 860-66. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047951115001158

Lange, J , Pedersen, AB, Troelsen, A & Søballe, K 2015, 'Surgical Selection Bias and follow-up mortality may influence results presented in current literature after two-stage revision of peri-prosthetic joint infection.', EFORT congress, 20/03/2015.

Lange, J , Pedersen, AB, Troelsen, A & Søballe, K 2015, 'Surgical Selection Bias may influence results presented in current literature after two-stage revision of chronic peri-prosthetic hip joint infection', Danish Orthopaedic Society Congress, 21/10/2015.

Nørholt, SE 2015, 'Surgical treatment of antiresorptive induced osteonecrosis of the jaw. Outcome of 14 consecutive patients using PRF', 37th congres of SFOMK , Copenhagen, Denmark, 03/06/2015 - 05/06/2015.

Vodstrup, HJ 2015, 'Surgical Treatment of Functional Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation'.

Mallee, WH, Weel, H, van Dijk, CN, van Tulder, MW, Kerkhoffs, GM & Lin, CWC 2015, 'Surgical versus conservative treatment for high-risk stress fractures of the lower leg (anterior tibial cortex, navicular and fifth metatarsal base): a systematic review', British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 370-376. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-093246

Grønbæk, M & Kristensen, HL 2015, 'Surkirsebær gavner muskelrestitution', Gartner Tidende, vol. 131, no. 13, pp. 24.

Balling, LW & Kizach, J 2015, 'Surprised by locality: An eye-tracking study of Danish double object constructions', Architectures and Mechanisms for Language Processing , Valletta, Malta, 03/09/2015 - 05/09/2015.

Afshari, F, Aghaee, M, Kamali, MRJ, Roohparvar, R, Malihipour, A, Khodarahmei, M, Ebrahimbejad, S, Aghnum, R, Chaichi, M, Dadrezaei, T, Dalvand, M, Dehghan, MA, Zakeri, AK, Shahbazi, K, Safavi, SA, Tabatabaei, N, Atahoseini, M, Nabati, E, Hooshyar, R, Yasaei, M, Nasrollahi, N, Mehrabi, R, Tabib-Ghaffary, M, Hashami, M, Patpour, M & Bayat, Z 2015, 'Surveillance and Pgt race analysis in Iran, 2014', Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BRGI), Sydney, Australia, 17/09/2015 - 20/09/2015. <http://www.globalrust.org/poster-abstract-search-results>

Rees, JR, Zens, MS, Celaya, MO, Riddle, BL, Karagas, MR & Peacock, JL 2015, 'Survival after squamous cell and basal cell carcinoma of the skin: A retrospective cohort analysis', International Journal of Cancer, vol. 137, no. 4, pp. 878-884. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29436

Fode, MM & Høyer, M 2015, 'Survival and prognostic factors in 321 patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy for oligo-metastases', Radiotherapy & Oncology, vol. 114, no. 2, pp. 155-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2014.12.003

Leth, T , Oettingen, GV , Lassen-Ramshad, YA , Lukacova, S & Høyer, M 2015, 'Survival and prognostic factors in patients treated with stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases', Acta Oncologica, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 107-14. https://doi.org/10.3109/0284186X.2014.921724

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