Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Gao, J, Kanaya, S, Li, D & Tjøstheim, D 2015, 'Uniform Consistency for Nonparametric Estimators in Null Recurrent Time Series', Econometric Theory, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 911-952. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266466614000577

Hyder, F, Herman, P, Bailey, CJ , Møller, A, Globinsky, R, Fulbright, RK, Rothman, DL & Gjedde, A 2015, 'Uniform distributions of glucose oxidation and oxygen extraction in gray matter of normal human brain: No evidence of regional differences of aerobic glycolysis', Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 903-916. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X15625349

Hartmann, J 2015, 'Unilateralism in International Law: Implications of the Inclusion of Emissions from Aviation in the EU ETS', Questions of International Law, no. 11, pp. 19-32. <http://www.qil-qdi.org/unilateralism-in-international-law-implications-of-the-inclusion-of-emissions-from-aviation-in-the-eu-ets/>

Da Silva, M-AO, Bertelsen, MF, Wang, T , Pedersen, M , Lauridsen, H & Heegaard, S 2015, 'Unilateral microphthalmia or anophthalmia in eight pythons (Pythonidae)', Veterinary Ophthalmology, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 23-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.12198

Okabe, M, Miyazaki, Y, Niimura, F, Pastan, I, Nishiyama, A, Yokoo, T, Ichikawa, I & Matsusaka, T 2015, 'Unilateral ureteral obstruction attenuates intrarenal angiotensin II generation induced by podocyte injury', American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology, vol. 308, no. 8, pp. F932-F937. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00444.2014

Wijesooriyage, WD, Rosendahl, L, Brown, DR & Snyder, GJ 2015, 'Unileg Thermoelectric Generator Design for Oxide Thermoelectrics and Generalization of the Unileg Design Using an Idealized Metal', Journal of Electronic Materials, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 1834-1845. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-014-3569-4

Arndt, C & Rennwald, L 2015, 'Union members at the polls and the dilemmas of Social Democracy', Paper presented at American Political Science Association Annual Meeting, San Francisco, United States, 03/09/2015 - 06/09/2015.

de Montjoye, Y-A, Radaelli, L, Singh, VK & Pentland, AS 2015, 'Unique in the shopping mall: On the reidentifiability of credit card metadata', Science, vol. 347, no. 6221, pp. 536-539. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1256297

Sutton, MA, Dalgaard, T, Cordovil, C & Howard, C 2015, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Framework Code for Good Agricultural Practice for Reducing Ammonia Emissions. ECE/EB.AIR/129 edn, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). <http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/lrtap/Publications/Ammonia_SR136_28-4_HR.pdf>

Nielsen, MK 2015, 'Universal challenges for parasite control: A perspective from equine parasitology', Trends in Parasitology, vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 282-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2015.04.013

Hannestad, S 2015, Universet - tænkepauser. in Universet - tænkepauser: Aarhus Universitetsforlag. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, pp. 1-60.

Bjerre, J & Dorf, H 2015, 'Universiteterne kan ikke styres efter markedets behov: politikerne er på fast kurs mod et fejlslået eksperiment', Politiken, kroniken, pp. 9 (Kultur). <http://politiken.dk/debat/kroniken/ECE2536707/universiteterne-kan-ikke-styres-efter-markedets--behov/>

Juul, I & Krause-Jensen, J 2015, 'Universitet og arbejdsliv - en indledning', Tidsskrift for Arbejdsliv, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 5-10.

Søndergaard, HA , Bergenholtz, C & Juhl, HJ 2015, 'University-Industry Collaboration: Drivers and Barriers for going Online ', Paper presented at DRUID Summer conference 2015, Rome, Italy, 15/06/2015 - 17/06/2015. <http://druid8.sit.aau.dk/druid/acc_papers/r78akqtx6fiql86tdud2ecn7c1k0.pdf>

Weiss, F, Schindler, S & Gerth, M 2015, 'University Rankings as a New Criterion of Social Inequality in Higher Education?', Zeitschrift für Soziologie, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 366-382.

Mørcke, AM & Rump, C 2015, University teaching and learning - models and concepts. in L Rienecker, P Jørgensen, J Dolin & G Ingerslev (eds), University Teaching and Learning. 1 edn, København: Samfundslitteratur, pp. 93-104.

Petersen, MN & Myong, L 2015, '(Un)liveabilities: Homonationalism and Transnational Adoption', Sexualities, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 329-345. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460714544809

Thuesen, L & Holm, NR 2015, 'Unmatched Results After Double Kissing Crush Stenting Technique in Distal Left Main Coronary Artery Treatment?', JACC. Cardiovascular interventions, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 1343-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2015.07.002

Yang, X, Liang, J & Sloos, M莱娜 2015, 'Unmerging T2 and T3 in Urumqi Accented Standard Mandarin', TAL2014 Proceedings, ISCA., pp. 32-35.

Koopman, SJ & Shephard, N (eds) 2015, Unobserved Components and Time Series Econometrics. Oxford University Press, Oxford. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199683666.001.0001

Larsen, S , Norlyk, A , Andersen, NF & Delmar, C 2015, 'Unplanned admissiion in haematology: A quantitative and qualitative study on extent, cause and impact on patient´s life', EACS/NCCS, Denmark, 19/03/2015 - 20/03/2015.

Larsen, S, Norlyk, A, Frost Andersen, N & Delmar, C 2015, 'Unplanned admission in haematology: A quantitative and qualitative study on extent, cause and impact on patient`s life', PhD day 2015, Aarhus University, Denmark, 23/01/2015 - 23/01/2015.

Larsen, S , Norlyk, A , Andersen, NF & Delmar, C 2015, 'Unplanned admission in haematology: A quantitative and qualitative study on extent, cause and impact on patient`s life', Aarhus University research symposium , Denmark, 20/11/2015 - 20/11/2015.

Povlsen, JV , Sørensen, AB & Ivarsen, P 2015, 'Unplanned Start on Peritoneal Dialysis Right after PD Catheter Implantation for Older People with End-Stage Renal Disease', Peritoneal Dialysis International, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 622-4. https://doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2014.00347

Larsen, SE 2015, Unpredictable Networking, or: When Hobart and Reykjavik Became Neighboring Cities. in C Schatz-Jakobsen, P Simonsen & T Pettitt (eds), The Book Out of Bounds: Essays Presented to Lars Ole Sauerberg. Institut for Kulturvidenskaber, Syddansk Universitet, Odense, Aktuel forskning ved Institut for Litteratur, Kultur og Medier, no. Særnummer, pp. 103-112.

Canuel, ET 2015, 'Unraveling Arctic law: The Aarhus University Inaugural Lecture', Paper presented at INTRAlaw Inauguration Seminar, Aarhus, Denmark, 24/10/2014 - 24/10/2014.

Zeuthen, H , Kudernatsch, W , Merte, LR , Ono, K , Lammich, L , Besenbacher, F & Wendt, S 2015, 'Unraveling the Edge Structures of Platinum(111)-Supported Ultrathin FeO Islands: The Influence of Oxidation State', A C S Nano, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 572-583. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn505890v

Milne, BF, Toker, Y, Rubio, A & Nielsen, SB 2015, 'Unraveling the intrinsic color of chlorophyll', Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 2170-2173. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201410899

Nielsen, J , Juel, J, Al Zuhairi, KSM, Friis, R, Graff, C, Kanters, JK & Jensen, SE 2015, 'Unrecognised myocardial infarction in patients with schizophrenia', Acta Neuropsychiatrica, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 106-112. https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2014.41

Reestorff, CM 2015, 'Unruly Artivism and the Participatory Documentary Ecology of The Act of Killing', Studies in Documentary Film, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 10-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/17503280.2014.1002248.

Roedern, E, Lee, Y-S, Cho, YW & Jensen, TR 2015, 'Unstable Metal Borohydride Materials', Gordon Research Conference Hydrogen-Metal systems 2015, Boston, MA, United States, 12/07/2015 - 17/07/2015.

McGuire, BA, Ioppolo, S, Allodi, M, Carroll, B & Blake, G 2015, 'Untangling molecular signals of astrochemical ices in the THz: distinguishing amorphous, crystalline, and intramolecular modes with broadband THz spectroscopy', pp. 2246102. <http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IAUGA..2246102M>

Nielsen, KL , Telving, R , Andreasen, MF , Hasselstrøm, JB & Johannsen, M 2015, 'Untargeted metabolomics applied retrospectively to UPLC-HR-TOFMS data of whole blood samples from Danish drivers exposed to 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy)', MetaboMeeting 2015, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 07/12/2015 - 09/12/2015.

Whyte, SR, Meinert, L & A. Obika, J 2015, Untying Wrongs in Northern Uganda. in WC Olsen & WEA van Beek (eds), Evil in Africa: Encounters with the everyday. Indiana University Press, pp. 43-60.

Booth, BB & Petersen, E 2015, 'Unusual cause of recurrent fever after travel in South America', IDCases, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 49-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2015.03.002

Stolba, V & Andresen, J-BR 2015, 'Unveiling the hinterland: A new type of Hellenistic rural settlement in Crimea', Antiquity, vol. 89, no. 344, pp. 345-360. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2014.10

Johannsen, SR , Madsen, SP , Jeppesen, BR , Nygaard, JV , Julsgaard, B , Balling, P & Nylandsted Larsen, A 2015, 'Up-conversion enhancement in Er3+ doped TiO2 through plasmonic coupling: Experiments and finite-element modeling', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 106. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4907415

Johannsen, SR 2015, 'Upconversion of near-infrared light through Er doped TiO₂, and the effects of plasmonics and co-doping with Yb'.

Svendsen, LM, Bartnicki, J, Boutrup, S, Gustafsson, B, Jarosinski, W, Knuuttila, S, Kotilainen, P, Larsen, SE, Pyhälä, M, Ruoho-Airola, T, Sonesten, L & Staaf, H 2015, Updated Fifth Baltic Sea pollution load compilation. Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings, vol. 145, Helsinki Commission - HELCOM.

Riber, AB & Ambrosen, T 2015, Update on poultry welfare matters, legislation and on-going research in Denmark. in WG9 Country Reports. March 2015 edn.

Schiødt, M, Larsson Wexell, C, Herlofson, BB, Nørholt, SE , Ehrenstein, V & Sørensen, HT 2015, 'Update on the scandinavian osteonecrosis database'.

Hejrani, B , Balling, N , Jacobsen, BH & Tilmann, F 2015, 'Upper-mantle P- and S- wave velocities across the Northern Tornquist Zone from traveltime tomography', Geophysical Journal International, vol. 203, no. 1, pp. 437-458. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv291

Hejrani, B , Balling, N , Jacobsen, BH & Nielsen, SB 2015, 'Upper-mantle velocity structure and its relation to topography across the Caledonides in Greenland and Norway', Tectonophysics.

Chown, SL, Duffy, GA & Sørensen, JG 2015, 'Upper Thermal tolerance in aquatic insects', Current Opinion in Insect Science, vol. 11, pp. 78-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2015.09.012

Pitcovski, J, Dalgaard, TS & Shahar, E 2015, 'Uptake and activation of immune cells following incubation with IBV carried on micro-particles', COST ACTION fa1207, Istanbul, Turkey, 18/11/2015 - 19/11/2015.

Liu, H, Meuwissen, THE, Sørensen, AC & Berg, P 2015, 'Upweighting rare favourable alleles increases long-term genetic gain in genomic selection programs', Genetics Selection Evolution, vol. 47, no. 19, pp. 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12711-015-0101-0

Ejrnæs, R , Brunbjerg, AK , Wind, P , Brøndum, L & Hansen, MDD 2015, Urban Green. En undersøgelse af vilde blomster som afsæt for en rigere natur I byerne. Technical Report from DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, vol. 69, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. <http://dce2.au.dk/pub/TR69.pdf>

Mirzaei, PA, Olsthoorn, D, Torjan, M & Haghighat, F 2015, 'Urban neighborhood characteristics influence on a building indoor environment', Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 19, 304, pp. 403-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2015.07.008

Ashby, SP, Coutu, AN & Sindbæk, SM 2015, 'Urban networks and Arctic outlands: Craft specialists and reindeer antler in Viking towns', European Journal of Archaeology, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 679-704.

Presser, M & Larranaga, M 2015, 'URB-grade decision support tool', Paper presented at 2015 International Conference on Recent Advances in Internet of Things, RIoT 2015, Singapore, Singapore, 07/04/2015 - 09/04/2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/RIOT.2015.7104912

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