Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Faurschou, IK, Sørensen, MJ, Pedersen, AG, Rasmussen, SL , Erichsen, R & Haas, S 2025, 'Closed-incision negative-pressure wound therapy after Bascom's cleft lift surgery for pilonidal sinus disease: A randomized study comparing healing', Colorectal Disease, vol. 27, no. 1, e17198. https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.17198

Hjortnæs, DF & Mikkelsen, MB 2025, 'Close Relationships and Bodily Skills: Attachment to Partner has the Strongest Association with Interoceptive Regulation', North American Journal of Psychology, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 1243-1255.

Kamari, A 2025, Closing the digitalization gap throughout the whole lifecycle of building projects? Autodesk is in the right direction!. LinkedIn. <https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/closing-digitalization-gap-throughout-whole-lifecycle-aliakbar-kamari-h2vaf/?trackingId=U5RVv9mHRhWNlP1VSA%2Bs5g%3D%3D>

Paaske, SE , Baunwall, SMD, Ianiro, G, Iqbal, T, Keller, J, Kupciskas, J, Link, A, Mullish, BH, Vehreschild, MJGT, Dahlerup, JF & Hvas, CL 2025, 'Clostridioides difficile: Treating Sustained Antibiotic Responders With Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Does Not Improve Efficacy', Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. e61-e62. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf141

Skovgaard, AKP 2025, Clothing the altar: Textiles as creators of the Christian altar. in Quaderns del Museu Episcopal de Vic.

Petersen, LH & Baun, PS 2025, 'Clowns, pills & boogaloos: a data-driven study of far-right eschatology on 4chan /pol/', Politics, Religion & Ideology, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 195-229. https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2025.2542770

Adnew, GA, Röckmann, T, Blunier, T, Jørgensen, CJ, Sapper, SE, van der Veen, C, Sivan, M, Popa, ME & Christiansen, JR 2025, 'Clumped isotope measurements reveal aerobic oxidation of methane below the Greenland ice sheet', Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 389, pp. 249-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2024.11.009

Li, K, Jiang, C, Guan, K, Ma, Z, Wang, S, Chen, JM & Chen, M 2025, 'Clumping index estimation with 30°-tilted cameras in row crops: Evaluation of methods and segment size effects', Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol. 375, 110846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110846

Piciucchi, S, Chilosi, M, Alfano, G, Petrarulo, S, Barbante, R, Giampalma, E, Ravaglia, C, Zinzani, PL & Poletti, V 2025, 'Cluster analysis for clinical, radiological, and histopathological profiling in chronic pulmonary graft-versus-host disease', European Journal of Internal Medicine, vol. 141, 106415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2025.07.011

Hillers-Bendtsen, AE, Johansen, MB, Juncker von Buchwald, T, Mikkelsen, KV, Olsen, J , Jørgensen, P & Helgaker, T 2025, 'Cluster perturbation theory: XI. Excitation-energy series using a variational excitation-energy function', The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 162, no. 2, 024114. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0236908

Johansen, MB, Juncker von Buchwald, T, Iuel Lunøe Dünweber, PG, Olsen, LH, Hillers-Bendtsen, AE, Kjeldal, FI, Olsen, J , Jørgensen, P & Mikkelsen, KV 2025, 'Cluster perturbation theory: XII. Parallel implementation of variational excitation energy series for the coupled cluster singles and doubles model', Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 162, no. 21, 214110. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0271032

MacKinnon, JG, Nielsen, MØ & Webb, MD 2025, 'Cluster-robust jackknife and bootstrap inference for logistic regression models', Econometric Reviews.

Ruane, AC, Pascoe, CL, Teichmann, C, Brayshaw, DJ, Buontempo, C, Diouf, I, Fernandez, J, Gonzalez, PLM, Hassler, B, Hernaman, V, Im, U, Iovino, D, Juckes, M, Lake, IL, Lam, T, Lin, X, Mao, J, Nazarian, N, Parey, S, Roy, I, Tseng, WL, Turner, B, Wiebe, A, Zhao, L & Zurell, D 2025, 'CMIP7 data request: Impacts and adaptation priorities and opportunities', Geoscientific Model Development, vol. 18, no. 23, pp. 9497-9540. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-9497-2025

Hassan, SA & Beliatis, MJ 2025, CNN with Transfer Learning on RGB and Thermal Imaging for Epoxy Spill and Crack Detection in Glass Fiber Composites. in 2025 5th International Conference on Robotics, Automation, and Artificial Intelligence, RAAI 2025. IEEE, pp. 368-372, 2025 5th International Conference on Robotics, Automation, and Artificial Intelligence, RAAI 2025, Singapore, Singapore, 18/12/2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/RAAI67517.2025.11423223

Shaik, I & van de Pol, J 2025, CNOT-Optimal Clifford Synthesis as SAT. in J Berg, J Nordstrom & J Nordstrom (eds), 28th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing, SAT 2025., 28, Dagstuhl Publishing, Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics, LIPIcs, vol. 341, 28th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing, SAT 2025, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 12/08/2025. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2025.28

European Society for Paediatric Oncology (SIOPE)-Brain Tumour Group 2025, 'CNS Embryonal Tumor with PLAGL Amplification, a New Tumor in Children and Adolescents: Insights from a Comprehensive MRI Analysis', American Journal of Neuroradiology, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 536-543. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8496

Hamdi, Z , Partoon, B & Khanifar, A 2025, CO2 Storage in Mature Fields: Impact of Promoters on CO2 HydrateFormation. in Society of Petroleum Engineers - SPE Asia Pacific CCUS Conference, APCC 2025. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2025 SPE Asia Pacific CCUS Conference, APCC 2025, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 26/08/2025. https://doi.org/10.2118/225892-MS

Golletz, P, Jensen, SD, Collignon, M, Hall, C, Khamas, AB , Møllebjerg, A , Schlafer, S , Meyer, RL & Tykwinska, K 2025, 'Coaggregation of oral pathogens by postbiotic lactobacilli', Journal of Oral Microbiology, vol. 17, no. 1, 2508483. https://doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2025.2508483

Hashemi, J, Räsänen, A, Virtanen, T, Juutinen, S, Grosse, G, Aurela, M, Bartsch, A, Chasmer, L, Davidson, SJ, Korkiakoski, M, Kuhn, MA, Lara, MJ, Luoto, M, Niittynen, P, Olefeldt, D, Sonnentag, O, Virkkala, AM, Voigt, C & Treat, CC 2025, 'Coarse land cover datasets bias Arctic-Boreal wetland methane budgets', Communications Earth and Environment, vol. 6, no. 1, 903. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02963-1

Xian, H, Zhang, J, Xu, W, Li, Y, Yang, H, Wang, Y, Bennion, H, Jeppesen, E & Dong, X 2025, 'Coastal lagoons as a transitional zone between land and sea: Insight from trace element pollution in southern China', Water Research, vol. 286, 124192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.124192

Ashraf, MN, Rauf, A, Ahmad, W, Maqsood, MA, Farooqi, ZUR, Khursheed, MM, Waqas, MA, Rahman, SU, Farooq, MS, Alarfaj, AA & Alharbi, SA 2025, 'Coated Fertilizers Enhanced Nitrogen Use Efficiency Through Reducing Ammonia Volatilization While Increasing Crop Yield', Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, vol. 188, no. 6, pp. 939-948. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.70001

Johnsen, NK, Chaiyasarn, S, Guo, Z, Han, J & Eser, BE 2025, 'Cobalamin-Dependent Aryl Methyl Ether O-Demethylases: Promising Enzymes for Biocatalytic Applications from Lignin Valorization to Organic Synthesis', ChemCatChem, vol. 17, no. 21, e00877, pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.202500877

Larsen, MH, Rosenkrantz, O, Krag, M, Rasmussen, LS & Isbye, D 2025, 'Cocaine to prevent bleeding during nasotracheal intubation: A systematic review', Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, vol. 69, no. 3, e70002, pp. e70002. https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.70002

Chen, YP, Neff, P, Leske, S, Wong, DDE, Peter, N, Obleser, J, Kleinjung, T, Dimitrijevic, A, Dalal, SS & Weisz, N 2025, 'Cochlear implantation in adults with acquired single-sided deafness improves cortical processing and comprehension of speech presented to the non-implanted ears: a longitudinal EEG study', Brain Communications, vol. 7, no. 1, fcaf001. https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcaf001

Djurtoft, C, O'Hagan, E, Laursen, MD, Lejbølle, L, Jensen, MB, Johansen, SK, Lyng, KD, Hoegh, M, Pourbordbari, N, Bruun, MK, Eiger, B, Larsen, JB & Rathleff, MS 2025, 'Co-creating a Choosing Wisely leaflet supporting the reduction of imaging usage in low back pain management – A multi-method study', Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 135, 108730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2025.108730

Knudsen, GL 2025, 'Co-creating Cultural Sustainability', Nordisk Museologi/The Journal Nordic Museology .

Cross, SNN, Galalae, C, Licsandru, TC, Martín Ruiz, V, Cui, CC, Mari, C, Vorster, L, Yoruk, I, Johnson, E & Kearney, S 2025, 'Co-creating sustained impact for diversity and inclusion engaged marketing', European Journal of Marketing, vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 1458-1468. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-04-2024-0326

Hammershøj, LG 2025, 'Co-creation as anticipation of the collision between work ethos and play ethos: A quiet critique of the concept of resonance', Current Sociology.

Zayed, YNH , Kamari, A & Schultz, CPL 2025, 'Co-creation of Prospect: a BIM-based Plugin Enabling Architects to Embed Social Design Intentions in Building Models', Joint EC3 (European Conference on Computing in Construction) and CIB W78 (Information Technology for Construction) 2025, Porto, Portugal, 14/07/2025 - 17/07/2025. https://doi.org/10.35490/EC3.2025.173

Abbonizio, J, Palermo, C, Brand, G, Buus, N, Fossey, E & Dart, J 2025, 'Co-designing formal health professions curriculum in partnership with students: A scoping review', Medical Teacher, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 413-424. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2024.2339403

Kleinau, J , Grønbæk, JE & Hoggan, E 2025, Co-Designing Multimodal Tools for Radically Mobile Hybrid Meetings. in CHI 2025 - Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems., 706, Association for Computing Machinery, CHI '25: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Yokohama, Japan, 26/04/2025. https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713993

Liu, Y-Y , Dybboe, M , Bjerrum, JB , Ellemose, J & Dindler, C 2025, Co-designing Tools for Dialogic Learning: Insights from the Viz4Kidz' Project. in Proceedings of IASDR 2025. Design Research Society, IASDR 2025, Taipei, Taiwan, 02/12/2025.

Besana, N, Petersen, MG , Krogh, PG & Spallazzo, D 2025, 'Co-designing with the archive: a new way of interacting with fashion design heritage', European Journal of Cultural Management and Policy, vol. 15, 14013. https://doi.org/10.3389/ejcmp.2025.14013

Slumstrup, L , Thrower, JD , Hopkinson, AT, Wenzel, G, Jaganathan, R, Schrauwen, JGM, Redlich, B, Ioppolo, S & Hornekær, L 2025, 'CO desorption from interstellar icy grains induced by infrared excitation of superhydrogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 704, A74. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202556399

Slumstrup, L , Thrower, JD , Hopkinson, AT , Wenzel, G , Jaganathan, R, Schrauwen, JGM, Redlich, B, Ioppolo, S & Hornekær, L 2025 'CO desorption from interstellar icy grains induced by IR excitation of superhydrogenated PAHs'.

Maindal, N , Kirk, UB & Hansen, KE 2025, 'Co-developing a digital mindfulness- and acceptance-based intervention for endometriosis management and care: a qualitative feasibility study', BMC Women's Health, vol. 25, no. 1, 187, pp. 187. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-025-03731-1

Bird, K, Greentree, I, O'Shea, B & Townsend, E 2025, 'Co-Developing Content Updates for the Card Sort Task for Self-Harm–Digital (CaTS-D) With People With Lived Self-Harm Experiences: Pilot Study and Thematic Analysis', JMIR Mental Health, vol. 12, e71296. https://doi.org/10.2196/71296

Pedersen, NA 2025, Codex Tchacos. Lex.dk.

Chuckran, PF, Estera-Molina, K, Nicolas, AM, Sieradzki, ET, Dijkstra, P, Firestone, MK, Pett-Ridge, J & Blazewicz, SJ 2025, 'Codon bias, nucleotide selection, and genome size predict in situ bacterial growth rate and transcription in rewetted soil', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 122, no. 3, e2413032122. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2413032122

Damm, AP, Hassani, A, Hvidtfeldt, C, Andersen, TSH & Schultz-Nielsen, ML 2025 'Co-Ethnic Neighbours and Integration of Migrant Children: RFF Study Paper 257' The Rockwool Foundation Research Unit, Copenhagen. <https://en.rockwoolfonden.dk/publications/co-ethnic-neighbours-and-integration-of-migrant-children/>

Magnussen, ALM 2025, 'Co-existence and Social Interaction in Danish High School', MEGA Seminar , Sønderborg, 20/08/2025 - 22/08/2025 pp. 17. <https://www.canva.com/design/DAGvNRI-4U4/-bg9_nZ79ZX1C3GAKcid2w/view?utm_content=DAGvNRI-4U4&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link2&utm_source=uniquelinks&utlId=hba81009608#17>

Tække, J 2025, 'Cognition as Communication: Exploring Niklas Luhmann's Theory of Knowledge', Principia: an international journal of epistemology , vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 449-475. https://doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2025.e97853

Kaiser, AP 2025, 'Cognitive and Clinical Perspectives on Music-evoked Autobiographical Memories', PhD, Aarhus University.

Jakobsen, S , Tølbøll, KB , Thastum, M & Lomholt, JJ 2025, 'Cognitive Behavioral Interventions for School Attendance Problems: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis', Child Psychiatry and Human Development. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-025-01847-x

OToole, MS , Ramsdal, NB , Nørskov, CS , Roepstorff, IT , Buskbjerg, CDR, B., M, Christiansen, & Nygaard, EE 2025, 'Cognitive behavioral therapies are evidence-based – based on what? A systematic review and meta-analysis of recent randomized controlled trials of cognitive behavioral therapies for depression.', Journal of Affective Disorders, vol. 390, 119791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2025.119791

Komischke-Konnerup, KB , O'Connor, M, Hoijtink, H & Boelen, PA 2025, 'Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Complicated Grief Reactions: Treatment Protocol and Preliminary Findings From a Naturalistic Setting', Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 29-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.11.001

Nguyen, NDT , Mikkelsen, K & Kidmose, P 2025, 'Cognitive component of auditory attention to natural speech events', Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 18, 1460139. <http://10.3389/fnhum.2024.1460139>

Gallo, F, Terekhina, L, Abutalebi, J, Shtyrov, Y & Myachykov, A 2025, 'Cognitive efficiency and expertise-dependent automaticity in the working memory performance of bilinguals', Brain and Cognition, vol. 187, 106308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106308

Chuikova, Z, Liashenko, A, Myachykov, A, Shtyrov, Y & Izmalkova, A 2025, Cognitive flexibility and cognitive demands: An eye tracking investigation. in SN Spencer (ed.), Proceedings, ETRA 2025 - ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications., 37, Association for Computing Machinery, 17th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, ETRA 2025, Tokyo, Japan, 26/05/2025. https://doi.org/10.1145/3715669.3726824

Danielsen, JTT 2025, 'Cognitive function in patients receiving treatment with adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors after radical operation for melanoma (stage III and IV): A controllede prospective observational study', PhD, Aarhus University.

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Lise Refstrup Linnebjerg Pedersen