Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Jensen, J & Sverdrup, LE 2003, 'Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Ecotoxicity Data for Developing Soil Quality Criteria', Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol. 179, pp. 73-97.

Bester, K & Spiteller, M 2003, 'Polycyclic musk fragrances in sewage plants and surface waters - Chiral indications for biodegradation', SETAC Europe, 27/04/2003 - 01/05/2003.

Andreasen, LB 2003, Polyfone, skriftlige dialoger: - når studerende samarbejder over nettet. in It og læringsperspektiver. Alinea, København.

Jochumsen, KM, Lebech, M, Lytzen, T, Nickelsen, CNA, Petersen, OB & Søgaard, K 2003, Polyhydramnios. <https://www.dropbox.com/s/b5q800raoikffwb/2003-DSOG-polyhydramnios.pdf?dl=0>

Niessner, A, Kaun, C, Zorn, G, Speidl, W, Turel, Z, Christiansen, G, Pedersen, AS, Birkelund, S, Simon, S, Georgopoulos, A, Graninger, W, De Martin, R, Lipp, J, Binder, BR, Maurer, G, Huber, K & Wojta, J 2003, 'Polymorphic membrane protein (PMP) 20 and PMP 21 of Chlamydia pneumoniae induce proinflammatory mediators in human endothelial cells in vitro by activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway', Tijdschrift voor Infectieziekten, vol. 188, pp. 108-113.

Langdahl, BL, Carstens, M, Stenkjær, LL & Eriksen, EF 2003, 'Polymorphisms in the transforming growth factor beta 1 gene and osteoporosis', Bone, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 297-310.

Nølke, H 2003, Polyohonie linguistique et discours rapporté. in Polyphonie - Linguistique et litteraire 7. De Skandinaviske Polyfonister, pp. 161-184.

Nølke, H 2003, 'Polyphonie linguistique et discours rapporté', Polyphonie - linguistique et littéraire (De skandinaviske Polyfonister), no. 7, pp. 161-184.

Schougaard, KR & Schultz, UP 2003, 'POMP - Pervasive Object Model Project', Paper presented at ECOOP 2003 Workshop on Resource Aware Computing., Darmstadt, Germany, 21/07/2003 - 25/07/2003.

Mogensen, SA , Cozart, SM, Fahrendorff, L & Graff, D 2003, Populærformidling 2002. Aarhus University, Århus. <http://www.hum.au.dk/fak/formidling/pop/popformidling2002.pdf>

Bødker, H 2003, 'Populærmusikken i(mellem) netværk: Produktion, positioner og pirateri', Tidsskriftet GRUS, vol. 24 årgang, no. 69, pp. 74-94.

Bødker, H 2003, 'Populærmusikken i(mellem) netværk - produktion, positioner og pirateri', Tidsskriftet GRUS, vol. 69, pp. 74-94.

Lima, M, Stenseth, NC, Leirs, H & Jaksic, FM 2003, 'Population dynamics of small mammals in semiarid regions: a comparative study of within-year demographic variability in two rodent species', Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 270, no. 1528, pp. 1997-2007. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3592195>

Topping, CJ, Sibly, RM, Delorme, P, Møller, V, Fritz, A, Elmegaard, N & Munns, W 2003, 'Population-Level Risk Assessment of Pesticides Using a Tiered Model Procedure', SETAC Annual Meeting, Austin, United States, 09/11/2003 - 13/11/2003. <http://abstracts.co.allenpress.com/pweb/setac2003/document/?ID=32304>

Madsen, J, Matus, R, Blank, O, Benegas, L, Mateazzi, G & Blanco, DE 2003, 'Population status of the ruddy-headed goose (Chloephaga rubiciceps) in Tierra del Fuego and mainland Patagonia (Chile and Argentina)', Ornitologia Neotropical, vol. 14, pp. 15-28.

Born, EW, Outridge, P, Riget, FF, Hobson, KA, Dietz, R, Øien, N & Haug, T 2003, 'Population substructure of North Atlantic minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) inferred from regional variation of elemental and stable isotopic signatures in tissues', Journal of Marine Systems, vol. 43, pp. 1-17.

Nissen, PM , Vestergaard, M & Oksbjerg, N 2003, 'Porcine fetal serum growth factors in relation to serum-induced proliferation and differentiation of primary myoblasts in culture: Skeletal Muscle and Satellite cells, FASEB Summer Research Conferences, July 26-31, Tuscon, Arizona, Abstract #25', Porcine fetal serum growth factors in relation to serum-induced proliferation and differentiation of primary myoblasts in culture: Skeletal Muscle and Satellite cells, FASEB Summer Research Conferences, July 26-31, Tuscon, Arizona, Abstract #25, 18/12/2010.

Hald, G 2003, 'Pornografiens empiriske landskab', Psykolog Nyt, vol. 57, no. 20, pp. 34-46.

Bang, T 2003, 'Portaler som et biblioteksværktøj', Paper presented at DF's Interessegruppe for Fjernlån, Hindsgavl, 08/05/2003 - 09/05/2003.

Fewster, RM & Mendes, E 2003, Portfolio Management Method for Deadline Planning. in Proceedings. 5th International Workshop on Enterprise Networking and Computing in Healthcare Industry (IEEE Cat. No.03EX717). IEEE, 5th International Workshop on Enterprise Networking and Computing in Healthcare Industry, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 05/09/2004. https://doi.org/10.1109/METRIC.2003.1232478

Strudsholm, K 2003, 'Portræt af den økologiske svineproduktion', Økologisk Informationsavis 2002.

Bruun, H 2003, 'Portræt af Hybrid-tv', Norsk Medietidsskrift, no. 1.

Pade, M 2003, Portræt og selviscenesættelse i Nordisk Renæssance.

Christiansen, PM & Nørgaard, AS 2003, Positionel magt - om at slutte fra at være (til stede) til at have og til at gøre. in PM Christiansen & L Togeby (eds), På sporet af magten. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Århus, pp. 177-189.

Wahlberg, M, Tougaard, J & Møhl, B 2003, 'Positioning and source level measurements of bitterns, using a large array of independent receivers', Bioacoustics - the International Journal of Animal Sound and its Recording, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 233-245.

Aksglæde, K & Thommesen, P 2003, 'Positioning of the pH-probe by manometry or radiography for monitoring of the esophagus. Influence on diagnostic results?', Acta Radiologica, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 360-2.

Thomsen, P & Krogh, K 2003, 'Positiv effekt af smertestillende behandling til kalve med lungebetændelse', KvaegInfo, pp. 1204-1204.

Amoretti, M, Amsler, C, Bonomi, G, Bouchta, A, Bowe, PD, Carraro, C, Cesar, CL, Charlton, M, Doser, M, Filippini, V, Fontana, A, Fujiwara, MC, Funakoshi, R, Genova, P, Hangst, JS, Hayano, RS, Jørgensen, LV, Lagomarsino, V, Landua, R, Lindelof, D, Lodi Rizzini, E, Macri, M, Madsen, N, Manuzio, G, Montagna, P, Pruys, H, Regenfus, C, Testera, G, Rotondi, A, Variola, A & van der Werf, DP 2003, 'Positron plasma diagnostics and temperature control for antihydrogen production', Physical Review Letters, vol. 91, no. 5, pp. 55001.

Merrison, JP 2003, 'Positron Traps: Towards High Resolution Positron Beams', Physica Scripta, vol. 68C, pp. 54.

Børglum, A, Kirov, G, Craddock, N, Mors, O, Muir, W, Murray, V, McKee, I, Collier, DA, Ewald, H, Owen, MJ, Blackwood, D & Kruse, TA 2003, 'Possible parent-of-origin effect of Dopa decarboxylase in susceptibility to bipolar affective disorder', American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, vol. 117B, no. 1, pp. 18-22.

Nikolajsen, L & Jensen, TS 2003, Postamputation pain. in PD Wall & R Melzack (eds), Handbook of Pain Management: A Clinical Companion to Wall and Melzack's textbook of pain. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp. 247-257.

Surlykke, A, Futtrup, V & Tougaard, J 2003, 'Post-buzz echolocation signals reveal prey capture succes in pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) flying in the laboratory', Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 206, pp. 93-104.

Kaptelinin, V, Nardi, B, Bødker, S, Carroll, J, Hollan, J, Hutchins, E & Winograd, T 2003, Post-cognitivist HCI: second-wave theories. in G Cockton & P Korhonen (eds), Ikke angivet. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 692-693, Conference on Human FActors in Computing Systems. CHI'03, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, United States, 05/04/2003. https://doi.org/10.1145/765891.765933

Hauge, H 2003, Post-Danmark: Politik og æstetik hinsides det nationale. Lindhardt og Ringhoff, København.

Seyfarth, J, Madsen, HO, Nyvold, C, Ryder, LP, Clausen, N, Jonmundsson, GK, Wesenberg, F & Schmiegelow, K 2003, 'Post-induction residual disease in translocation t(12;21)-positive childhood ALL.', Pediatric Blood & Cancer, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 82-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpo.10217

Rasmussen, S , Lykke-Andersen, H, Kuijpers, A & Troelstra, SR 2003, 'Post-Miocene sedimentation at the continental rise of Southeast Greenland: the interplay between turbidity and contour currents', Marine Geology, vol. 196, pp. 37-52.

Mortensen, P & nullStiersdorfer, K (ed.) 2003, Postmodernity, Culture and Environment. in Beyond Postmodernism: Reassessments in Literature, Theory, and Culture. De Gruyter, Berlin/New York, pp. 179-195.

Diken, B, Laustsen, CB & Nefes, T 2003, 'Post Modern Siddet - Network Toplumunda Dövüs Kulübü', Dogu Bati. Düsünce Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 23, pp. 263-283.

Hu, JZ, Rommereim, DA, Wind, RA, Jakobsen, HJ & Bertram, HC 2003, Post-mortem changes in muscles studied by magic-angle spinning nuclear resonance spectroscopic techniques. in Second International Conference on Biomedical Spectroscopy, UK. pp. 2003-2003, Post-mortem changes in muscles studied by magic-angle spinning nuclear resonance spectroscopic techniques, 18/12/2010.

Bertram, HC, Jakobsen, HJ, Andersen, HJ, Karlsson, AH & Engelsen, SB 2003, 'Post-mortem Changes in Porcine M. Longissimus Studied by Solid-State 13C Cross-Polarization Magic-Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 51, pp. 2064-2069.

Jakobsen, HJ, Karlsson, AH, Balling Engelsen, S, Bertram, HC & Andersen, HJ 2003, 'Post Mortem Changes in the Porcine M', Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 2064-2069.

Lametsch, R, Karlsson, A, Rosenvold, K, Roepstorff, P, Andersen, HJ & Bendixen, E 2003, 'Postmortem proteome changes of porcine muscle related to tenderness', Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 51, no. 24, pp. 6992-6997.

Sserunjogi, L, Scheutz, F & Whyte, SR 2003, 'Postnatal anaemia: neglected problems and missed opportunities in Uganda', Health Policy and Planning, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 225-231.

Morof, D, Barrett, G, Peacock, J, Victor, CR & Manyonda, I 2003, 'Postnatal depression and sexual health after childbirth', Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 102, no. 6, pp. 1318-1325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obstetgynecol.2003.08.020

Bablekos, GD, Roussou, T, Rasmussen, T, Vassiliou, MP & Behrakis, PK 2003, 'Postoperative changes on pulmonary function after Laparoscopic and Open Cholecystectomy', Hepato-Gastroenterology, vol. 50, no. 53, pp. 1193-1200.

Thomsen, L, Kisbye, B & Delmar, C 2003, Postoperativ kvalme hos cystektomi-opererede patienter. in Postoperativ kvalme hos cystektomi-opererede patienter. Aalborg Hospital.

Sserunjogi, L, Scheutz, F & Whyte, SR 2003, 'Postpartum anaemia: neglected problems and missed opportunities in Uganda', Health Policy and Planning, vol. 18, pp. 225-231.

Hvidman, L , Foldspang, A, Mommsen, S & Nielsen, JB 2003, 'Postpartum urinary incontinence', Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, vol. 82, no. 6, pp. 556-563. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0412.2003.00132.x

Diken, B & Laustsen, CB 2003 'Postpolitik' Institut for Statskundskab, Aarhus Universitet, Århus.

Alexander, V 2003, Postponed Arrivals: The Afro-Asian Diaspora in Moyez G. Vassanji's No New Land. in Diaspora and Multiculturalism. Common Traditions and New Developments. Ed. Monika Fludernik.. Brill | Rodopi, Amsterdam, pp. 199-229.

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