Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Feldthaus, A 2015, 'Pointer Analysis for JavaScript Programming Tools'.

Heiberg, J , Hansen, LS , Wemmelund, K, Sørensen, AH, Ilkjær, C, Cloete, E, Nolte, D, Roodt, F, Dyer, R, Swanevelder, J & Sloth, E 2015, 'Point-of-Care Clinical Ultrasound for Medical Students', Ultrasound International Open, vol. 1, pp. E58-66. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1565173

Hangaard, S, Gudbergsen, H, Skougaard, M, Bliddal, H, Bouert, R, Riis, RGC, Siversson, C, Tiderius, CJ & Boesen, M 2015, 'Point of no return for improvement of cartilage as indicated by dGEMRIC before and after weight loss in patients with KOA: A cohort study', Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. <https://www.oarsijournal.com/article/S1063-4584(15)00588-9/fulltext>

Nielsen, JI 2015, 'Points of Contact, Points of Difference: Danish & American production cultures ', Paper presented at TV in the Age of Transnationalisation and Transmedialisation, London, United Kingdom, 22/06/2015 - 23/06/2015.

Khair, T 2015, 'Poisoned Opium', The Hindu (Sunday Magazine), pp. 1.

Leloudas, G, Patat, F, Maund, JR, Hsiao, YCE, Malesani, D, Schulze, S, Contreras, C, D Ugarte Postigo, A, Sollerman, J, Stritzinger, MD, Taddia, F, Wheeler, JC & Gorosabel, J 2015, 'POLARIMETRY OF THE SUPERLUMINOUS SUPERNOVA LSQ14MO: NO EVIDENCE FOR SIGNIFICANT DEVIATIONS FROM SPHERICAL SYMMETRY', The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 815, no. 1, L10. https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/815/1/L10

Hršak, D, Khah, AM, Christiansen, O & Hättig, C 2015, 'Polarizable Embedded RI-CC2 Method for Two-Photon Absorption Calculations', Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, vol. 11, no. 8, acs.jctc.5b00496, pp. 3669-3678. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00496

Hršak, D 2015, 'Polarizable Embedding Coupled Cluster Description of Two-Photon Absorption'.

Papazian, D, Chhoden, T, Arge, M, Vorup-Jensen, T , Nielsen, CH, Lund, K, Würtzen, PA & Hansen, S 2015, 'Polarization Affects Airway Epithelial Conditioning of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells', American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology (Online). https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2014-0183OC

Petersen, AK 2015, Polemics. in RA Segal & KV Stuckrad (eds), Vocabulary for the Study of Religion. vol. Vol. 3, Brill, Leiden and Boston, pp. 68-72.

Toke, D & Nielsen, HØ 2015, 'Policy Consultation and Political Styles: Renewable energy consultations in the UK and Denmark', British Politics, vol. 10, pp. 454-474. https://doi.org/10.1057/bp.2015.38

Dalgaard, T , Graversgaard, M , Hutchings, NJ , Olesen, JE, Hansen, B, Hasler, B , Hertel, O , Termansen, M, Jacobsen, BH, Kronvang, B, Schjørring, JK & Vejre, H 2015, 'Policy effects, challenges and future solution scenarios for improved n management and n efficiency in Denmark', LuWQ2015, Land Use and Water Quality: Agricultural Production and the Environment, Vienna, Austria, 21/09/2015 - 24/09/2015.

Kalpazidou Schmidt, E 2015, 'Policy making and institutionalisation'.

Saito-Jensen, M, Sikor, T, Kurniawan, Y, Eilenberg, M, Setyawan, EP & Kustini, SJ 2015, 'Policy Options for Effective REDD+ Implementation in Indonesia: The Significance of Forest Tenure Reform', International Forestry Review, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 86-97. <http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1505/146554815814725040>

Marsh, D, McCaffrie, B, Kallis, A, Nielsen, HØ & Toke, D 2015, 'Policy Styles and Governance: Policy on Renewables, particularly Wind-Power, in Australia, Denmark and the UK', Paper presented at Australian Political Studies Association Conference, Canberra, Australia, 28/09/2015 - 30/09/2015.

Kevins, A 2015, 'Political Actors, Public Opinion, and the Extension of Welfare Coverage', Journal of European Social Policy, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 303-315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928715588705

Jørgensen, PEF 2015, 'Political and Business Leaders’ Preference for Loss Framed Messages: A Case Study of the Negative Economic Rhetoric of EU Scepticism.'.

van Kersbergen, K & Leifsdóttir Lindberg, E 2015, 'Political Contestation, Secularization, and Religious Supply: Why is Morality Policy so Restrictive in The Faroe Islands?', Politics and Religion, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 772-796. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755048315000619

Cornell, A & Grimes, M 2015, Political Control of Bureaucracies as an Incentive for Party Behavior. in C Dahlström & L Wängnerud (eds), Elites, Institutions, and the Quality of Government. Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 205-223.

Kofod, K, Johansson, O, Paulsen, JM & Risku, M 2015, Political cultures. in L Moos, E Niehlfors & JM Paulsen (eds), Nordic superintendents: agents in a broken chain. Springer Science+Business Media, Switzerland, Educational Governance Research, vol. 2, pp. 233-263. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25106-6_8

Kansteiner, W 2015, Political Generations. in G Mazzoleni (ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Political Communication . Wiley, pp. 437-442.

Senninger, R & Wagner, M 2015, 'Political parties and the EU in national election campaigns: who talks about Europe, and how?', Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1336-1351. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12278

Kjær, AM 2015, 'Political Settlements and Productive Sector Policies: Understanding Sector Differences in Uganda', World Development, vol. 68, pp. 230-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.12.004

Arnoldi, J & Villadsen, AR 2015, 'Political Ties of Listed Chinese Companies, Performance Effects, and Moderating Institutional Factors', Management and Organization Review, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 217. https://doi.org/10.1017/mor.2015.14

Højlund, MK & Riis, MS 2015, 'Political Tunings of the Piano: Ambient Readings of Sonic Art', Paper presented at The fifth decennial Aarhus conference, Aarhus, Denmark, 17/08/2015 - 21/08/2015.

Valencia, R, Galeano, G, Munk Ravnborg, H, Moráes, M, Ninazunta, M & Balslev, H 2015, Políticas de uso y manejo sostenible de productos de palmas. in In: Balslev, H., M. J. Macía & H. Navarrete (eds.) Cosecha de Palmas en el Noroeste de Sudamaerica: Bases Científicas para su Manejo y Conservación. Publicaciones del Herbario QCA, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito. pp. 175-212.

Laustsen, CB (ed.) 2015, Politica: Terror og terrorbekæmpelse - nye udviklinger og perspektiver: 47 årg., nr. 3. Politica.

Green-Pedersen, C & Jensen, C 2015, Politics matter. in C Green-Pedersen, C Jensen & P Nannestad (eds), Offentlig politik. 2 edn, Hans Reitzels Forlag, København, Statskundskab, no. 12, pp. 35-49.

Petersen, MB 2015, Politik. Tænkepauser - viden til hverdagen, vol. 33, Aarhus Universitetsforlag.

Myong, L, Petersen, MN, Danbolt, M & Bissenbakker, M 2015, Politik hinsides velkomst. <http://peculiar.dk/politik-hinsides-velkomst/>

Andersen, JG, Christiansen, PM, Frandsen, A & Gregersen, RV 2015, PolitikNU: Holdninger, magt og politiske systemer. 2 edn, Systime, Aarhus.

Petersen, AK 2015, 'Politik og kristendom: Dengang og i dag', Kristeligt Dagblad, pp. 12.

Mührmann-Lund, J 2015, Politinatten. in P Duedahl & U Langen (eds), Nattens gerninger. Gad, København, pp. 96-115.

Michel-Schertges, D 2015, Politisierung und Biographie. in H-H Krüger, H Sünker & W Thole (eds), Forschung als Herausforderung: methodologische Ansprüche und Praxis in erziehungs- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Projekten. 1. edn, Barbara Budrich Publishers, Leverkusen, pp. 97-108.

Thykjær, S, Hansen, BB , Ugilt, R , Jøker Bjerre, H & Porsgaard, K 2015, 'Politisk navngivning', Dagbladet Information.

Lindekilde, L & Olesen, T 2015, Politisk protest, aktivisme og sociale bevægelser. Statskundskab, no. 10, Hans Reitzels Forlag.

Højholdt, A & Broström, S 2015, 'Politisk redelighed efterlyses: viden bliver brugt af mange politikere i flæng', Politiken, debatsektionen, pp. 5.

Thorsen, JE & Jørgensen, JPA 2015, Politisk teologi og befrielsesteologi. in U Torm (ed.), Kristendom og udvikling: - kan tro flytte bjerge. Dansk Missionsråd, Frederiksberg, pp. 69-82. <http://issuu.com/danishmissioncouncil/docs/flytte_bjerge_endelig_issu>

Jensen, C (ed.) 2015, Politologisk Årbog 2014-2015. Hans Reitzels Forlag.

Trondman, A-K, Gaillard, M-J, Mazier, F, Sugita, S, Fyfe, R, Nielsen, AB, Twiddle, C, Barratt, P, Birks, HJB, Bjune, AE, Björkman, L, Broström, A, Caseldine, C, David, R, Dodson, J, Dörfler, W, Fischer, E, van Geel, B, Giesecke, T, Hultberg, S, Kalnina, L, Kangur, M, van der Knaap, P, Koff, T, Kunes, P, Lagerås, P, Latalowa, M, Lechterbeck, J, Leroyer, C, Leydet, M, Lindbladh, M, Marquer, L, Mitchell, FJG, Odgaard, BV, Peglar, S, Persson, T, Poska, A, Rösch, M, Seppä, H, Veski, S & Wick, L 2015, 'Pollen-based quantitative reconstructions of Holocene regional vegetation cover (plant-functional types and land-cover types) in Europe suitable for climate modelling', Global Change Biology, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 676-697. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12737

Sapelko, T & Stolba, V 2015, 'Pollen data correlation from archeological and nature archives in the Black Sea coastal areas', XIX INQUA Congress. Quaternary Perspectives on Climate Change, Natural Hazards and Civilization, Nagoya, Japan, 27/07/2015 - 02/08/2015.

Leer, J 2015, 'Pølsehorn med ringridderpølse: verdens måske bedste pølsehorn', Fagbladet C O-Soefart, no. 3, pp. 21. <http://www.co-sea.dk/files/CO-Søfart/Fagblade/Fagblade-2015/3/Fagbladet%20CO-Søfart%203_2015net.pdf>

Bollmann, UE, Ou, Y, Mayer, P, Trapp, S & Bester, K 2015, 'Polyacrylate–water partitioning of biocidal compounds: Enhancing the understanding of biocide partitioning between render and water', Chemosphere, vol. 119, pp. 1021-1026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.074

Álvarez-Martos, I , Lopes, P & Ferapontova, E 2015, 'Poly(amido amide) dendrimers as an anchor for assembling proteins and DNA at electrodes', 13th International Fischer Symposium a meeting on nanoscale electrochemistry, Lubeck, Germany, 07/06/2015 - 11/06/2015.

Álvarez-Martos, I , Lopes, P & Ferapontova, E 2015, 'Poly(amido amine) dendrimers as an anchor for assembling proteins and DNA at electrodes', 13th International Fischer Symposium a meeting on nanoscale electrochemistry, Lubeck, Germany, 07/06/2015 - 11/06/2015.

Vorkamp, K, Nielsen, F, Kyhl, HB, Nielsen, LB, Barington, T & Jensen, TK 2015, 'Polybromerede diphenyl ethere (PBDE) og perfluorerede alkylforbindelser (PFAS) i gravide kvinders blod - nye resultater fra Odense Børnekohorte', Miljø og sundhed, vol. 21. årgang, no. 2, pp. 3-14. <http://miljoogsundhed.sst.dk/blad/arkiv2013.html>

Agudo, A, Aronson, KJ, Bonefeld-Jørgensen, EC, Cocco, P, Cogliano, V, Cravedi, J-P, Esch, H, Hopf, NB, Fiedler, H, James, MO, Glauert, HP, Johansson, N, Leon Guo, Y-L, Le Bizec, B, Herbert, RA, Ludewig, G, Machala, M, Tryphonas, H, Merletti, F, Vermeulen, R, Narbonne, J-F, Vorkamp, K, Robertson, LW, Walker, N, Ruder, A & Carpenter, DO 2015, POLYCHLORINATED AND POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS: IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE EVALUATION OF CARCINOGENIC RISKS TO HUMANS. vol. 107, International Agency for Research on Cancer.

Pathak, GS & Nichter, M 2015, 'Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Globalizing India: An Ecosocial Approach to an Emerging Lifestyle Disease', Social Science & Medicine, vol. 146, pp. 21–28.

Drljevic, A & Laursen, T 2015, 'Polyfarmaci er udbredt hos ældre', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 177, no. 6, pp. 535-538. <http://ugeskriftet.dk/files/ugeskriftet.dk/artikel_13713.pdf>