Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Koester, T, Jakobsen, J, Brøsted, JE, Bach, K, Petersen, OB , Kyng, M & Rasch, SM 2015, Mental Models and Deliberate Manipulation of Data. in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care 2015. 1 edn, vol. 4, pp. 62-69, HFES2015 International Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, United States, 26/10/2015. https://doi.org/10.1177/2327857915041021

Ottsen, CL 2015, 'Mental Time Travel in Societies with Differential Gender Norms', SARMAC XI, Victoria, BC, Canada, 24/06/2015 - 27/06/2015.

Poulsen, J 2015, '"Men vi skal alle forvandles...": Om at være menneske i superheltenes verden', Litteraturmagasinet Standart, pp. 52-53.

Bechshøft, TØ, Derocherc, AE, Richardson, E, Mislan, P, Lunn, NJ, Sonne, C , Dietz, R, Janz, D & St. Louis, VL 2015, 'Mercury and cortisol in Western Hudson Bay polar bear hair', Ecotoxicology, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 1315-1321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-015-1506-9

Søndergaard, J , Tamstorf, MP, Elberling, B, Larsen, MM, Mylius, MR, Lund, M, Abermann, J & Riget, FF 2015, 'Mercury exports from a High-Arctic river basin in Northeast Greenland (74°N) largely controlled by glacial lake outburst floods', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 514, pp. 83-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.097

Vilhelmsen, TN, Marker, P, Foged, N, Wernberg, T, Høyer, A-S, Bauer-Gottwein, P, Christensen, S & Auken, E 2015, 'Mere end struktur: moderne anvendelse af højopløselig airborne geofysik i hydrologiske modeller', hydrologidag 2015, Odense, Denmark, 29/10/2015 - 29/10/2015.

Obel, C 2015, 'Mere opmærksomhed på adoptivbørn', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 177, no. 34, V67699, pp. 1591. <http://ugeskriftet.dk/videnskab/mere-opmaerksomhed-paa-adoptivboern>

Herrmann, KJ , Bager-Elsborg, A , Hansen, IB & Nielsen, R 2015, 'Mere undervisning, større studieintensitet? En multilevelanalyse af 7.917 studerendes tidsforbrug', Dansk Universitetspædagogisk Tidsskrift, vol. 10, no. 18, pp. 35-50. <http://ojs.statsbiblioteket.dk/index.php/dut/article/view/18238/17973>

Iosifidis, A, Tefas, A & Pitas, I 2015, Merging Linear Discriminant Analysis with Bag of Words model for Human Action Recognition. in Image Processing (ICIP), 2015 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, pp. 832-836, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2015, Quebec City, Canada, 27/09/2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2015.7350916

Moreira, A, Almeida, L & Lucani Rötter, DE 2015, Merging network coding with feedback management in multicast streaming. in ACM SIGBED Review: Special Issue on the 7th Workshop on Adaptive and Reconfigurable Embedded Systems. 3 edn, vol. 12, pp. 49-52, 7th Workshop on Adaptive and Reconfigurable Embedded Systems, Seattle, Washington, United States, 13/04/2015. https://doi.org/10.1145/2815482.2815492

Vinther, M & Okkels, N 2015, 'Merit kan løse lægemangel', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 177, no. 24.

Kang, R , Zhou, Y , Tan, S, Zhou, G, Aagaard, L, Xie, L, Bünger, C , Bolund, L & Luo, Y 2015, 'Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells retain adequate osteogenicity and chondrogenicity but less adipogenicity', Stem Cell Research & Therapy, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 144. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-015-0137-7

Stappert, K, Lipinski, G, Kopiec, G, Spielberg, ET & Mudring, A-V 2015, 'Mesophase Stabilization in Ionic Liquid Crystals through Pairing Equally Shaped Mesogenic Cations and Anions', Crystal Growth & Design, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 5388-5396. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.5b01023

Hernandez, VM , Poulsen, M , Wahid, R , Højberg, O & Møller, HB 2015, 'Mesophilic versus thermophilic anaerobic digestion of cattle manure: Methane productivity and microbial ecology', Microbial Biotechnology, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 787–800. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12271

Krystallis Krontalis, A 2015, 'Message Framing on the Adoption of Biofuels: A Comparison Study of Denmark and Canada', Paper presented at 11th Biennial Conference, Groningen, Netherlands, 24/08/2015 - 26/11/2015.

Ernst, E , Schwarz, MR , Strocco, F & Møller, A 2015, Message Safety in Dart. in Dynamic Languages Symposium 2015, DLS . Dynamic Languages Symposium, Pittsburgh, United States, 27/10/2015. <http://cs.au.dk/~amoeller/papers/fletch/paper.pdf>

Paldam, M 2015, 'Meta-analysis in a nutshell: Techniques and general findings', Economics, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 2-15. https://doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2015-11

Bouwman, AC, Pausch, H, Govignon-Gion, A, Hoze, C, Sanchez, MP, Boussaha, M, Boichard, D, Sahana, G , Brøndum, RF , Guldbrandtsen, B , Lund, MS, Vilkki, J, Sargolzaei, M, Schenkel, FS, Taylor, JF, Hoff, JF, Schnabel, RD, Veerkamp, R, Goddard, ME, Hayes, BJ & 1000 Bull Genomes Consortium 2015, Meta-analysis of GWAS of bovine stature with >50,000 animals imputed to whole-genome sequence. in Abstracts of the 66th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science. vol. 21, Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, EAAP Book of Abstracts, pp. 346-346, 66th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science, Warsaw, Poland, 31/08/2015. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-816-2

Thyrring, J , Rysgaard, S, Blicher, M & Sejr, MK 2015, 'Metabolic cold adaptation and aerobic performance of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) along a temperature gradient into the High Arctic region', Marine Biology, vol. 162, no. 1, pp. 235-243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-014-2575-7

Kalucka, J, Missiaen, R, Georgiadou, M, Schoors, S, Lange, C, De Bock, K, Dewerchin, M & Carmeliet, P 2015, 'Metabolic control of the cell cycle', Cell Cycle, vol. 14, no. 21, pp. 3379-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/15384101.2015.1090068

Nielsen, JH , Munk, OL & Sørensen, M 2015, 'Metabolic liver function measured in vivo by dynamic (18)F-FDGal PET/CT without arterial blood sampling', EJNMMI research, vol. 5, pp. 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13550-015-0110-6

Schmidt, JA, Rinaldi, S, Ferrari, P, Carayol, M, Achaintre, D, Scalbert, A, Cross, AJ, Gunter, MJ, Fensom, GK, Appleby, PN, Key, TJ & Travis, RC 2015, 'Metabolic profiles of male meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians, and vegans from the EPIC-Oxford cohort', The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 102, no. 6, pp. 1518-26. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.111989

Pedersen, HA , Kudsk, P & Fomsgaard, IS 2015, 'Metabolic Profiling of Arabidopsis Thaliana Reveals Herbicide- and Allelochemical-Dependent Alterations Before They Become Apparent in Plant Growth', Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 96-107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-014-9446-9

Ingerslev, AK , Knudsen, KEB & Hedemann, MS 2015, Metabolic profiling of liver tissue and blood samples from the mesenteric artery, portal and hepatic vein of pig fed diets differing in dietary fiber. in Proceedings of 13th DPP: Digestive Physiology in Pigs Symposium. Kliczkow, pp. 210-210, 13th Digestive Physiology of Pigs, Kliczkow, Poland, 19/05/2015.

Nyboe, L & Videbech, P 2015, 'Metabolic syndrome and aerobic fitness in first-time hospitalized patients with depression', Psykiatriens 10. Forskningsdag, Aarhus N, Denmark, 05/11/2015 - 05/11/2015.

Nyboe, L , Vestergaard, CH , Moeller, MK , Lund, H & Videbech, P 2015, 'Metabolic syndrome and aerobic fitness in patients with first-episode schizophrenia, including a 1-year follow-up', Schizophrenia Research, vol. 168, no. 1-2, pp. 381-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2015.07.053

Nyboe, L 2015, 'Metabolic syndrome and physical activity in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.'.

Bolvig, AK, Adlercreutz, H, Theil, PK , Jørgensen, HJH & Knudsen, KEB 2015, Metabolism of cereal plant lignans – a model experiment with catheterized pigs. in Book of abstracts from 6th International Dietary Fibre Conference 2015, Paris. Paris/INRA, pp. 1, The 6th International Dietary Fibre Conference, Paris, France, 01/06/2015.

Zheng, H , Yde, CC , Clausen, MR, Kristensen, M, Lorenzen, J, Astrup, A & Bertram, HCS 2015, 'Metabolomics Investigation To Shed Light on Cheese as a Possible Piece in the French Paradox Puzzle', Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 63, no. 10, pp. 2830-2839. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf505878a

Lamichhane, S, Ouwehand, A, Saarinen, M, Forssten, S, Jensen, HM, Bertram, HCS , Young, JF & Yde, CC 2015, 'Metabolomics platform to elucidate the impact of dietary fiber in the human gut metabolome determined in vivo and in an in vitro colon simulator', MetaboMeeting 2015, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 07/12/2015 - 09/12/2015.

Curtasu, M , Theil, PK & Hedemann, MS 2015, 'Metabolomics profiles of colostrum and milk from lactating sows p. 195', 13th Digestive Physiology of Pigs, Kliczkow, Poland, 19/05/2015 - 21/05/2015.

Zheng, H , Clausen, MR , Dalsgaard, TK & Bertram, HCS 2015, 'Metabolomics to Explore Impact of Dairy Intake', Nutrients, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 4875-4896. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7064875

Larsen, PB 2015, 'Metacarpophalangeal Joint Silicone Arthroplasty – A Review Of Sugery Performed At AUH In The Period 2007-2012', DOS, Copenhagen, Denmark, 21/10/2015 - 23/10/2015.

Costa, PS, Reis, MP, Ávila, MP, Leite, LR, De Araújo, FMG, Salim, ACM, Oliveira, G, Barbosa, F, Chartone-Souza, E & Nascimento, AMA 2015, 'Metagenome of a microbial community inhabiting a metal-rich tropical stream sediment', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 3, e0119465. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119465

Frantzen, KK & Fetters, MD 2015, 'Meta-integration for synthesizing data in a systematic mixed studies review: insights from research on autism spectrum disorder', Quality and Quantity. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-015-0261-6

Frantzen, KK & Fetters, M 2015, 'Meta-integration for synthesizing data in a systematic mixed studies review: Insights from research on autism spectrum disorder'.

R. S. Hansen, B , Richter, B , Javadian-Deylami, SP & Jensen, TR 2015, 'Metal borohydrides for hydrogen storage; synthesis and characterization'. <http://bor4store.hzg.de/imperia/md/content/gkss/institut_fuer_werkstoffforschung/wtn/h2-speicher/bor4store_final_event_poster_au.pdf>

Norgaard, HW 2015, 'Metalcraft within the Nordic Bronze Age: combined metallographic and superficial imaging reveals the technical repertoire in crafting bronze ornaments', Journal of Archaeological Science, vol. 64, no. December, pp. 110-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2015.10.005

Paskevicius, M, Sheppard, DA, Williamson, K & Buckley, CE 2015, 'Metal hydride thermal heat storage prototype for concentrating solar thermal power', Energy, vol. 88, pp. 469-477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.05.068

Briggs, DC, Birchenough, HL, Ali, T, Rugg, MS, Waltho, JP, Ievoli, E, Jowitt, TA, Enghild, JJ, Richter, RP, Salustri, A, Milner, CM & Day, AJ 2015, 'Metal Ion-Dependent Heavy Chain Transfer Activity of TSG-6 Mediates Assembly of the Cumulus-Oocyte Matrix', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 290, pp. 28708-28723. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M115.669838

Taddia, F, Sollerman, J, Fremling, C, Pastorello, A, Leloudas, G, Fransson, C, Nyholm, A, Stritzinger, MD, Ergon, M, Roy, R & Migotto, K 2015, 'Metallicity at the explosion sites of interacting transients', Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A), vol. 580, A131. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525989

Zhu, X, Kuang, Y, Li, J, Schroll, R & Wen, D 2015, 'Metals and possible sources of lead in aerosols at the Dinghushan nature reserve, southern China', Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, vol. 29, pp. 1403-1410.

Han, Z, Ohno, S, Tokizane, Y, Nawata, K, Koyama, M, Notake, T, Takida, Y, Hayashi, S & Minamide, H 2015, Metamaterials to improve Terahertz-wave real-time imaging system. in JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia, JSAP 2015. Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA), Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, vol. Part F132-JSAP 2015, JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia 2015, Nagoya, Japan, 13/09/2015.

Olesen, JE 2015, 'Metan som luftforurening', no. 1377871, 4 p., Jan 23, 2015..

Svejvig, P 2015, Metaphors in Projects - An Overlooked X-factor. in Project Management - Theory Meets Practice. Samfundslitteratur, pp. 87-100, 1st Danish Project Management Research Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, 21/05/2015.

Wray, KB & Boschiero, L 2015, 'Metascience and Neurath’s boat', Metascience, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 171-172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11016-015-9994-z