Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Møllgaard, HP & Overgaard, PB 2003, Market transparency in competition policy. in M Baldassari & L Lambertini (eds), Antitrust, regulation and competition. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke.

Celikaksoy, EA 2003, 'Marriage Migration', Paper presented at EALE Conference, Bilbao, 19/09/2003 - 21/09/2003.

Celikaksoy, EA, Nielsen, HS & Verner, M 2003 'Marriage Migration: Just Another Case of Positive Assortative Matching?'.

Andersen, PH 2003, 'Marshalling embedded routines in support of firm creation: Do institutional contexts matter?', Paper presented at Academy of Management, Seattle, 06/08/2003 - 11/08/2003.

Vellev, J (ed.) 2003, Mårslet Kirke. 1 edn, Højbjerg.

Knudsen, NT & Hasholt, B 2003, 'Mass balance observations at Mittivakkat Gletscher, Southeast Greenland', Paper presented at Kangerlussuaq/Sdr. Strømfjord, Greenland, 17/12/2010.

Nielsen, MG 2003, 'Masseforekomst af den gule engmyre (Lasius flavus F.) på danske øer - en indikator for kulturpåvirkning og forøget biodiversitet', Flora & fauna : årsskrift for Jydsk Naturhistorisk Forening, vol. 109, no. 3 + 4, pp. 139-144.

Diken, B & Laustsen, CB 2003, 'Massen', MUTANT - kunstdiskurspolitik, pp. 28-41.

Iversen, S 2003, Mass-klo, Matisklo. Om vidnesbyrdets litteratur. in Ophold. Giorgio Agambens litteraturfilosofi. Akademisk Forlag, København, pp. 43-60.

Nielsen, K 2003, Mästerläre som lärandeform av i dag. in A Winbladh & B Quist (eds), Vem väver kejsarens nya kläder? En antologi om det praktiska lärandets konst. Stockholm Hantverksförening, Handkraft, Stockholm, pp. 100-116.

Wistoft, K 2003, 'Masteruddannelse i et forskningsprogram: Refleksioner over masteruddannelsestænkning', Uddannelsesnyt, vol. 1/15.

Misfeldt, M 2003, 'Matematik er for kompliceret til computere', Learning Lab Denmark Quaterly, pp. 14-15. <http://www.emu.dk/sem/fag/mat/pdf/Artikel_6.pdf>

Andresen, M 2003, Matematiklæreren som forsker? Matematikdidaktisk aktionsforskning som eksempel på en metode i professionsforskning. <http://www.cvustork.dk/agoranr22003.asp>

Gregersen, P, Hedegaard, C, Jensen, TH & Petersen, LK 2003, Matematrix 1A, Elevbog. Matematrix, Alinea, København.

Gregersen, P, Hedegaard, C, Jensen, TH & Petersen, LK 2003, Matematrix 1A, Lærervejledning. Matematrix, Alinea, København.

Gregersen, P, Hedegaard, C, Jensen, TH & Petersen, LK 2003, Matematrix 1B, Elevbog. Matematrix, Alinea, København.

Jensen, TH, Larsen, LH, Pedersen, BB & Sonne, H 2003, Matematrix 9, Lærervejledning. Matematrix, Alinea, København.

Besenbacher, F 2003, Materialefysik på atomar skala. in Årsskrift 2003 for Villum Kann Rasmussen Fonden og VELUX Fonden. pp. 50.

Besenbacher, F 2003, Materialefysik på nanoskala - et grundforskningscenter. in AW Hansen, H Kragh, S Larsen, P Lykke & JC Manniche (eds), Topforskning ved Aarhus Universitet - en jubilæumsantologi. Aarhus Universitetsforlag.

Lynggaard, P 2003, Materialesamling til valgfaget Videregående Investeringsteori. Internt undervisningsmateriale, no. B nr. 133, 3 edn, Handelshøjskolen i Århus, Institut for Regnskab, Finansiering og Logistik, Århus.

Ørskou, J , Henriksen, TB , Kesmodel, U & Secher, NJ 2003, 'Maternal characteristics and lifestyle factors and the risk of delivering high birth weight infants', Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 115-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-7844(03)00402-2

Wisborg, K , Kesmodel, U , Bech, BH, Hedegaard, M & Henriksen, TB 2003, 'Maternal consumption of coffee during pregnancy and stillbirth and infant death in first year of life: prospective study', BMJ, vol. 326, no. 7386, pp. 420-423.

Linnet, KM , Dalsgaard, S , Obel, C , Wisborg, K , Henriksen, TB, Rodriguez, A, Kotimaa, A, Moilanen, I, Thomsen, PH , Olsen, J & Jarvelin, M-R 2003, 'Maternal lifestyle factors in pregnancy risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated behaviors: Review of the current evidence', American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 160, no. 6, pp. 1028-40. <http://search.proquest.com.ez.statsbiblioteket.dk:2048/docview/220482795?accountid=14468>

Kjærgaard, SC 2003, 'Mathematical models of pulmonary gas exchange - validation and application to postoperative hypoxaemia'.

Britz, D & Britz, TJ 2003, 'Mathematical proof of the consistency of Feldberg's simple BDF start in electrochemical digital simulations', Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, vol. 546, pp. 123-125.

Misfeldt, M 2003, Mathematician's Writing. in N Pateman, B Dougerty & J Zilliox (eds), Proceedings of the 27th Conference on the Psychology of Mathematics Education. vol. 3, University of Hawaii, pp. 301-308, The 27th Conference on the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Honolulu, United States, 13/07/2003.

Pedersen, JL (Translator) 2003, 'Maurice Blanchot: "En urscene?"', Passepartout, no. 22, pp. 8-8.

Funch-Jensen, P , Christensen, LA & Kruse, A 2003, 'Mavesår', Medicus 2003, vol. 33, pp. 3-6.

Engberg, RM, Knarreborg, A, Bjerrum, L & Jensen, BB 2003, 'Mave-tarm kanalens mikrobiologi og dens påvirkning gennem fodring', Gemensam Nordisk Fjäderfätidskrift, november, vol. 2003, pp. 30-35.

Thomsen, P, Bleses, D, Lindegaard, M & Madsen, TO 2003, "Må vi bede om lidt fælles opmærksomhed! Nogle tanker om betydningen af fælles opmærksomhed og imitativ læring for barnets tidlige sprogtilegnelse". in HG Jacobsen, red., m.fl. (ed.), Take Danish for instance: Linguistic studies in honour of Hans Basbøll presented on the occasion of his 60th birthday 12 July 2003. Syddansk Universitetsforlag, Odense, pp. 283-294.

Perregaard, B 2003, Må vi skrive på vores historie? Børns organisering og udnyttelse af skriftsprog. 1. udgave edn, Akademisk Forlag, København.

Agarkova, I, Ehler, E, Lange, S, Schoenauer, R & Perriard, J-C 2003, 'M-band: a safeguard for sarcomere stability?', Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, vol. 24, no. 2-3, pp. 191-203. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1026094924677

Gaiduk, PI, Nylandsted Larsen, A & Hansen, JL 2003, 'MBE grown Ge dots on Si/SiGe ion implanted buffers', Physica B, no. 17, pp. 510.

Neto, PR, Olsen, AK , Jensen, SB , Munk, OL, Watanabe, H, Gjedde, A & Cumming, P 2003, ' MDMA-evoked changes in 11C-raclopride and 11C-NMSP binding potentials.', European Neuropsychopharmacology, pp. S453.

Neto, PR, Olsen, AK , Jensen, SB , Munk, OL, Watanabe, H, Gjedde, A & Cumming, P 2003, 'MDMA-evoked competition between [11C]raclopride and endogenous dopamine', Brain03 & BrainPET03, 17/12/2010.

Spokes, L, Brandt, J , Carstensen, J, Christiansen, T, Conley, D, Frohn, LM, Geernaert, G, Gustafsson, B, Bay Hasager, C, Henriksen, P , Hertel, O , Jensen, B, Jickells, T, Johnson, M, Kelly, S, Liljebladh, B, Lund, S, Lundsgaard, C, Markager, S, Martinsen, W, Møller, BL, Pedersen, B, Pryor, S, Sauerberg, K, Sempreviva, AM, Sørensen, LL, Svensson, G, Tjernström, M, Weston, K & Zagar, M 2003, MEAD - Marine Effects of Atmospheric Deposition: MEAD final report.

Hasager, CB, Carstensen, J , Frohn, LM, Gustafson, B, Brandt, J, Conley, D, Geernaert, G, Henriksen, P, Ambelas Skjøth, C & Johnsson, M 2003, MEAD Retrospective Analysis Report. Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde.

Cold, G 2003, 'Mean arterial pressure and intracranial pressure (correspondance)', Anesthesiology, vol. 99.

Müller, HH 2003, 'Meaning Construction within Nominal Syntagmatic Compounds (NSCs)'.

Kraaij, R, Mayer, P, Busser, FJM, Bolscher, MVH, Seinen, W, Tolls, J & Belfroid, AC 2003, 'Measured Pore-Water Concentrations Make Equilibrium Partitioning Work - A Data Analysis', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 268-274.

Sørensen, A & Mølmer, K 2003, 'Measurement induced entanglement and quantum computation with atoms in optical cavities', Physical Review Letters, vol. 91, pp. 097905.

Nielsen, T 2003, Measurement of Skin Perfusion and Blood Oxygenation Response using Surface Coil based 1H NMR Spectroscopy and SSFP Imaging - Technical Aspects. Aarhus Universitet, Århus.

Nielsen, T 2003, Measurement of Skin Perfusion and Blood Oxygenation Response using Surface Coil based 1H NMR Spectroscopy and SSFP Imaging - Technical Aspects. Aarhus Universitet.

Jensen, J, Kinch, K, Merrison, J & Nørnberg, P 2003 'Measurement of the electrical properties of suspended Martian dust' Nice, France, pp. 0-0.

Hellweg, D, Cacciapuoti, L, Kottke, M, Schulte, T, Sengstock, K, Ertmer, W & Arlt, JJ 2003, 'Measurement of the Spatial Correlation Function of Phase Fluctuating Bose-Einstein Condensates', Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 010406. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.010406

Skov, H, Nielsdóttir, MC, Goodsite, ME, Christensen, J, Ambelas Skjøth, C, Geernaert, G, Hertel, O & Olsen, J 2003, 'Measurements and modelling of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) on the Faroe Islands: a case study of the difficulties of measuring GEM', Asian Chemistry Letters, vol. 7, no. 2 & 3, pp. 151-158.

Nordsmark, M, Loncaster, J, Aquino-Parsons, C, Chou, S-C, Ladekarl, M, Havsteen, H, Lindegaard, JC, Davidson, SE, Varia, M, West, C, Hunter, R, Overgaard, J & Raleigh, JA 2003, 'Measurements of hypoxia using pimonidazole and polarograhpic oxygen-sensitive electrodes in human cervix carcinomas', Radiotherapy & Oncology, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 35-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8140(03)00010-0

Wåhlin, P, Mønster, JG, Glasius, M, Ketzel, M, Berkowicz, R & Palmgren, F 2003, 'Measurements of wood burning emissions in denmark - first results', NOSA 2003 Aerosol Symposium, Copenhagen, Denmark, 13/11/2003 - 14/11/2003.

Østergaard, P , Juhl, HJ , Kristensen, K & Eskildsen, JK 2003, Measuring Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in the Danish Automobile Industry. in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference: Corporate Reputation, Image, and Identity. pp. 1-28, 7th International Conference: Corporate Reputation, Image, and Identity / Reputation Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom, 22/05/2003.

Holm, C & Steenholdt, N 2003, Measuring Learning Outcomes in Auditing Education. in Niels Kærgaard (red.) (ed.), Symposium i anvendt statistik. Den Kgl. Veterinær- og Landbohøjskole, København, pp. s. 81-92.

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