Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Hartig-Andreasen, C, Troelsen, A, Thillemann, TM , Gelineck, J & Søballe, K 2015, 'Risk factors for the need of hip arthroscopy following periacetabular osteotomy', Journal of hip preservation surgery, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 374-284. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnv053

Bjornholt, SM, Kjaer, SK, Nielsen, TSS & Jensen, A 2015, 'Risk for borderline ovarian tumours after exposure to fertility drugs: Results of a population-based cohort study', Human Reproduction, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 222-231. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deu297

Andersen, ES, Omland, LH, Jepsen, P , Krarup, H, Christensen, PB, Obel, N, Weis, N & DANVIR Cohort Study (Christian Erikstrup) 2015, 'Risk of all-type cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and pancreatic cancer in patients infected with hepatitis B virus', Journal of Viral Hepatitis, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 828-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.12391

Nørgaard, M, Cetin, K, Mægbæk, ML , Kristensen, NR, Ghanima, W, Bahmanyar, S, Stryker, S & Christiansen, CF 2015, 'Risk of arterial thrombotic and venous thromboembolic events in patients with primary chronic immune thrombocytopenia: a Scandinavian population-based cohort study', British Journal of Haematology. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.13787

Mostofsky, E, Johansen, MB, Lundbye-Christensen, S, Tjønneland, A, Mittleman, MA & Overvad, K 2015, 'Risk of atrial fibrillation associated with coffee intake: Findings from the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health study', European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 922-930. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487315624524

Ranthe, MF, Carstensen, L, Øyen, N, Jensen, MK, Axelsson, A, Wohlfahrt, J, Melbye, M, Bundgaard, H & Boyd, HA 2015, 'Risk of cardiomyopathy in younger persons with a family history of death from cardiomyopathy: A nationwide family study in a cohort of 3.9 million persons', Circulation, vol. 132, no. 11, pp. 1013-1019. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013478

Zaremba, T, Jakobsen, AR , Søgaard, M , Thøgersen, AM, Johansen, MB, Madsen, LB & Riahi, S 2015, 'Risk of device malfunction in cancer patients with implantable cardiac device undergoing radiotherapy: a population-based cohort study', Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 343-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/pace.12572

Sommer, J, Smith, M, Sikoparija, B, Kasprzyk, I, Myszkowska, D, Grewling, L & Skjoth, CA 2015, 'Risk of exposure to airborne Ambrosia pollen from local and distant sources in Europe - an example from Denmark', Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 625-631. https://doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1185764

Sørensen, MJ , Kjaersgaard, MIS , Pedersen, HS , Vestergaard, M , Christensen, J , Olsen, J , Parner, E , Pedersen, LH & Bech, BH 2015, 'Risk of Fetal Death after Treatment with Antipsychotic Medications during Pregnancy', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. e0132280 EP -. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132280

Tvedskov, TF, Jensen, M-B, Balslev, E, Garne, JP, Vejborg, I, Christiansen, P, Ejlertsen, B & Kroman, N 2015, 'Risk of non-sentinel node metastases in patients with symptomatic cancers compared to screen-detected breast cancers', Acta Oncologica, pp. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3109/0284186X.2015.1094186

Stokkevåg, CH, Engeseth, GM, Hysing, LB, Ytre-Hauge, KS, Ekanger, C & Muren, LP 2015, 'Risk of radiation-induced secondary rectal and bladder cancer following radiotherapy of prostate cancer', Acta Oncologica, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 1317-1325. https://doi.org/10.3109/0284186X.2015.1061691

Maibing, CF, Pedersen, CB, Benros, ME, Mortensen, PB , Dalsgaard, S & Nordentoft, M 2015, 'Risk of Schizophrenia Increases After All Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders: A Nationwide Study', Schizophrenia Bulletin, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 963–970. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbu119

Ricceri, F, Fasanelli, F, Giraudo, MT, Sieri, S, Tumino, R, Mattiello, A, Vagliano, L, Masala, G, Quirós, JR, Travier, N, Sánchez, M-J, Larranaga, N, Chirlaque, M-D, Ardanaz, E, Tjønneland, A, Olsen, A , Overvad, K, Chang-Claude, J, Kaaks, R, Boeing, H, Clavel-Chapelon, F, Kvaskoff, M, Dossus, L, Trichopoulou, A, Benetou, V, Adarakis, G, Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB, Peeters, PH, Sund, M, Andersson, A, Borgquist, S, Butt, S, Weiderpass, E, Skeie, G, Khaw, K-T, Travis, RC, Rinaldi, S, Romieu, I, Gunter, M, Kadi, M, Riboli, E, Vineis, P & Sacerdote, C 2015, 'Risk of second primary malignancies in women with breast cancer: Results from the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC)', International Journal of Cancer, vol. 137, no. 4, pp. 940-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29462

Cannegieter, SC, Horváth-Puhó, E , Schmidt, M , Dekkers, OM , Pedersen, L , Vandenbroucke, JP & Sørensen, HT 2015, 'Risk of venous and arterial thrombotic events in patients diagnosed with superficial vein thrombosis: A nationwide cohort study', Blood, vol. 125, no. 2, pp. 229-235. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-06-577783

Maslow, S, Mason, R & O'Shea, P (eds) 2015, Risk State: Japan’s Foreign Policy in an Age of Uncertainty. Rethinking Asia and International Relations, Ashgate.

Christensen, DR & Neergaard, H 2015, 'Ritualization and transformation in entrepreneurship education', Paper presented at 3E Conference - ECSB Entrepreneurship Education Conference Lueneburg 2015, Lüneburg, Germany, 23/04/2015 - 24/04/2015.

Walker, UA, Jaeger, VK, Chatzidionysiou, K, Hetland, ML, Hauge, EM, Pavelka, K, Nordström, DC, Canhão, H, Tomŝiĉ, M, Van Vollenhoven, R & Gabay, C 2015, 'Rituximab done: What's next in rheumatoid arthritis? A European observational longitudinal study assessing the effectiveness of biologics after rituximab treatment in rheumatoid arthritis', Rheumatology (United Kingdom), vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 230-236. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kev297

Shulzhenko, E & Holmgren, J 2015, 'Rivalling perspectives in implementation of new information and communication technology in home nursing', Paper presented at 31st EGOS Colloquium Athens, Greece July 2–4, 2015, Athens, Greece, 02/07/2015.

Gupta, V, Estrada, AD, Blakley, I, Reid, R, Patel, K, Meyer, MD, Andersen, SU, Brown, AF, Lila, MA & Loraine, AE 2015, 'RNA-Seq analysis and annotation of a draft blueberry genome assembly identifies candidate genes involved in fruit ripening, biosynthesis of bioactive compounds, and stage-specific alternative splicing', GigaScience, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13742-015-0046-9

Herborg, LL , Hansen, MC , Hansen, M , Roug, AS & Hokland, P 2015, 'RNA-Sequencing of Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia to Extend Routine Molecular Diagnostics', Blood, vol. 126, no. 23.

Sørensen, M, Poulsen, AH, Ketzel, M, Dalton, SO, Friis, S & Raaschou-Nielsen, O 2015, Road traffic noise and risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma among adults. in Euronoise 2015. pp. 99-104, 10th European Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering, Euronoise 2015, Maastricht, Netherlands, 01/06/2015.

Søndergaard, DM 2015, 'Roboter - unsere neuen 'Anderen'', Das Argument, vol. 57, no. 1 (=311), pp. 43-49.

Sloth, SB, Rudnicki, M, Gimbel, H, Schroll, JB, Topsoee, MF, Settnes, A, Nortvig, H , Jørgensen, A & Møller, C 2015, 'Robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy versus conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign gynaecological disease', First Nordic Congress on Gynaecological Endoscopy/Minimal Invasive Gynaecological Surgery, Middelfart, Denmark, 03/06/2015 - 05/06/2015.

Christiansen, MP , Larsen, PG & Nyholm Jørgensen, R 2015, 'Robotic Design Choice Overview using Co-simulation and Design Space Exploration', Robotics, vol. 4, pp. 398-421. https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics4040398

Hasse, C 2015, Robotten og Maigret. in S Raffnsøe (ed.), Den Humane Vending. Gyldendal.

Dyrmann, M & Nyholm Jørgensen, R 2015, RoboWeedSupport: Weed recognition for reduction of herbicide consumption. in JV Stafford (ed.), Precision agriculture '15: Papers presented at the 10th European Conference on Precision Agriculture Volcani Center, Israel 12-16 July 2015. Wageningen Academic Publishers, pp. 571-578, 10th European Conference on Precision Agriculture, Volcani Center, Israel, 12/07/2015. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-814-8_71, https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-814-8

Clausen, JC, Damkilde, L & Andersen, LV 2015, 'Robust and efficient handling of yield surface discontinuities in elasto-plastic finite element calculations', Engineering Computations, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1722-1752. https://doi.org/10.1108/EC-01-2014-0008

Bhattacharya, S, Blunck, H , Kjaergaard, MB & Nurmi, P 2015, 'Robust and Energy-Efficient Trajectory Tracking for Mobile Devices', I E E E Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 430-443. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2014.2318712

Lamichhane, JR, Barzman, M, Booij, K, Boonekamp, P, Desneux, N, Huber, L, Kudsk, P, Langrell, SRH, Ratnadass, A, Ricci, P, Sarah, J-L & Messéan, A 2015, 'Robust cropping systems to tackle pests under climate change: A review', Agronomy for Sustainable Development, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 443-459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-014-0275-9

McGregor, HV, Evans, MN, Goosse, H, Leduc, G, Martrat, B, Addison, JA, Mortyn, PG, Oppo, DW, Seidenkrantz, MS, Sicre, MA, Phipps, SJ, Selvaraj, K, Thirumalai, K, Filipsson, HL & Ersek, V 2015, 'Robust global ocean cooling trend for the pre-industrial Common Era', Nature Geoscience, vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 671-677. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2510

Jakobsen, M , Askou, AL , Stenderup, K , Rosada, C , Dagnæs-Hansen, F , Jensen, TG , Corydon, TJ , Mikkelsen, JG & Aagaard, L 2015, 'Robust Lentiviral Gene Delivery But Limited Transduction Capacity of Commonly Used Adeno-Associated Viral Serotypes in Xenotransplanted Human Skin', Human gene therapy methods, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 123-33. https://doi.org/10.1089/hgtb.2014.135

Andersen, TM 2015, 'Robustness of the Danish pension system', CESifo DICE Report, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 25-30. <http://www.cesifo-group.de/DocDL/dice-report-2015-2-andersen-pension-june.pdf>

Telling, J, Eric, B, Bone, N, EL, J, Tranter, M, MacFarlane, J, Martin, P, Wadham, J, Larmarche-Gagon, G, Skidmore, M, Hamilton, TL, Hill, E, Jackson, M & DA, H 2015, 'Rock comminution as a source of hydrogen for subglacial ecosystems', Nature Geoscience, vol. 8, pp. 851-855. https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2533

Telling, J, Boyd, ES, Bone, N, Jones, EL , Tranter, M, MacFarlane, JW, Martin, PG, Wadham, JL, Lamarche-Gagnon, G, Skidmore, ML, Hamilton, TL, Hill, E, Jackson, M & Hodgson, DA 2015, 'Rock comminution as a source of hydrogen for subglacial ecosystems (vol 8, pg 851, 2015)', Nature Geoscience, vol. 8, no. 12. https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2604

Elmeros, M , Topping, CJ & Lassen, P 2015, Rodenticide exposure risk for predators modelled on landscapes. in Abstracts 10th European Vertebrate Pest Management Conference. European Vertebrate Pest Management Conference, Seville, Spain, 21/09/2015.

Møller, JF 2015, 'Røde tegl vidner om storhedstid', Kristeligt Dagblad, pp. 2.

Mosbech, A & Boertmann, D 2015, Rødstrubet lom fra Nordøstgrønland sporet til det sydøstlige England. <http://niki.gl/da/artikler-om-vandrende-dyr/havfugle/roedstrubet-lom/>

Andersen, NB 2015, 'Roe's theorem revisited', Integral Transforms and Special Functions, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 165-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/10652469.2014.976219

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Gosvig, CF, Huusom, LD, Deltour, I, Andersen, KK, Duun-Henriksen, AK, Madsen, EM, Petersen, LK, Elving, L, Schouenbourg, L, Iftner, A, Svare, E, Iftner, T & Kjaer, SK 2015, 'Role of human papillomavirus testing and cytology in follow-up after conization', Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, vol. 94, no. 4, pp. 405-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.12601

Zinyama-Gutsire, RBL, Chasela, C, Madsen, HO, Rusakaniko, S, Kallestrup, P, Christiansen, M, Gomo, E, Ullum, H, Erikstrup, C, Munyati, S, Kurewa, EN, Stray-Pedersen, B, Garred, P & Mduluza, T 2015, 'Role of Mannose-Binding Lectin Deficiency in HIV-1 and Schistosoma Infections in a Rural Adult Population in Zimbabwe', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. e0122659. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122659

Walt, SG, Bhargava Ram, N, Von Conta, A, Tolstikhin, OI, Madsen, LB , Jensen, F & Wörner, HJ 2015, 'Role of Multi-Electron Effects in the Asymmetry of Strong-Field Ionization and Fragmentation of Polar Molecules: The Methyl Halide Series', Journal of Physical Chemistry Part A: Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment and General Theory, vol. 119, no. 49, pp. 11772-11782. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07331

Nørgaard, M, Lomholt, JJ , Thastum, M , Herlin, M , Twilt, M & Herlin, T 2015, 'Role of pain, pain coping and health beliefs in decreased accelerometer-assessed daily activity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.', Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 621.

Farr, KP , Kramer, S , Khalil, AA , Morsing, A & Grau, C 2015, 'Role of perfusion SPECT in prediction and measurement of pulmonary complications after radiotherapy for lung cancer', European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 1315-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-015-3052-3

Bouzinova, E, Wiborg, O, Aalkjær, C & Matchkov, V 2015, 'Role of Peripheral Vascular Resistance for the Association Between Major Depression and Cardiovascular Disease', Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/FJC.0000000000000187

Comerma Steffensen, SG , Kun, A , Hedegaard, E , Mogensen, S , Aalkjaer, C, Kohler, R, Monster-Christensen, B & Simonsen, U 2015, 'Role of SK3 channels in erectile function in mice', Acta Physiologica (Online), vol. 215, pp. 5-5.

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Kesting, P & Baber, W 2015, 'Roles in negotiation – some reflections', 3rd INTRA Network Meeting, Munich, Germany, 29/05/2015.

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