Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Andersen, RF , Kamperis, K, Frøkjær, J & Rittig, S 2015, 'Urinary AQP2 excretion is increased during nephrotic syndrome and is associated with reduced urine production', ESPN 2015, Brussels, Belgium, 03/09/2015 - 05/09/2015.

Geilswijk, M, Thomsen, KL , Pedersen, EB , Vilstrup, H & Grønbæk, H 2015, 'Urinary aquaporin-2 excretion before and after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion for refractory ascites', Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 454-61. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365521.2014.962610

Salih, M, Fenton, RA, Zietse, R & Hoorn, EJ 2015, 'Urinary extracellular vesicles as markers to assess kidney sodium transport', Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension. https://doi.org/10.1097/MNH.0000000000000192

Svenningsen, P, Andersen, H, Nielsen, LH & Jensen, BL 2015, 'Urinary serine proteases and activation of ENaC in kidney: implications for physiological renal salt handling and hypertensive disorders with albuminuria', Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, vol. 467, no. 3, pp. 531-542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-014-1661-5

Jakobsen, LK 2015, 'Urogenital Reconstructive Surgery', PhD day 2015, Aarhus University, Denmark, 23/01/2015 - 23/01/2015.

Duus Terkelsen, K, Pedersen, L , Fabian, L , Thelle, M , Nielsen, M , Schneidermann, N, Hohne, S, Bürk, T & Nielsen, T 2015, URO Lab Report #1: Urban Youth and Outdoor Space in Gellerup. Århus.

Hansen, MJ, Strøm Braaten, M, Bojesen, AM, Christensen, H, Sonne, C , Dietz, R & Bertelsen, MF 2015, 'Ursidibacter maritimus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Ursidibacter arcticus sp. nov., two new members of the family Pasteurellaceae isolated from the oral cavity of bears', International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, vol. 65, pp. 3683-3689. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.000476

Møller, HB 2015, 'Urter i marken giver både gas og flere insekter', LandbrugsAvisen, vol. 28. august, pp. 11-11.

Lesnikova, I, Schreckenbach, MN, Papanikolaou, LL, Kristensen, MP & Hamilton Dutoit, SJ 2015, 'Usability of immunohistochemistry in forensic pathology', The American Academy of Forensic Sciences .

Beach, D 2015, USA - en global supermagt i en regionaliseret verden. in M Winther Bülow & T Brems Knudsen (eds), International PolitikNU: magtbalance, værdier og samarbejde. 2 edn, Systime, pp. 77-96.

Pacurariu, AC, Straus, SM, Trifirò, G, Schuemie, MJ, Gini, R, Herings, R, Mazzaglia, G, Picelli, G, Scotti, L, Pedersen, L, Arlett, P, van der Lei, J, Sturkenboom, MC & Coloma, PM 2015, 'Useful Interplay Between Spontaneous ADR Reports and Electronic Healthcare Records in Signal Detection', Drug Safety, vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 1201-1210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-015-0341-5

Steensgaard, R & Dahl Hoffmann, D 2015, 'Useful Method To Optimize The Rehabilitation Effort At A SCI Rehabilitation Centre', Nordic Spinal Cord Society Congress, Tronheim, Norway, 09/09/2015 - 11/09/2015.

Bech, BH , Vestergaard, CH , Vestergaard, M, Benros, ME, Fenger-Grøn, M , Ahrensberg, J , Sun, Y & Vedsted, P 2015, 'Use of antidepressant drugs and talk therapy in the year before cancer diagnosis'.

Schmidt, SAJ , Schmidt, M , Mehnert, F , Lemeshow, S & Sørensen, HT 2015, 'Use of antihypertensive drugs and risk of skin cancer', Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology & Venereology, vol. 29, no. 8, pp. 1545-1554. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.12921

Gorla, LFDO, Spin-Neto, R, Boos, FBDJ, Pereira, RDS, Garcia-Junior, IR & Hochuli-Vieira, E 2015, 'Use of autogenous bone and beta-tricalcium phosphate in maxillary sinus lifting: a prospective, randomized, volumetric computed tomography study', International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, pp. 1486-1491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2015.07.003

Driessen, JHM, van Onzenoort, HAW, Starup-Linde, J, Henry, R, Neef, C, van den Bergh, J, Vestergaard, P, de Vries, F & Burden, AM 2015, 'Use of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and fracture risk compared to use of other anti-hyperglycemic drugs', Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 1017-25. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.3837

Chen, S-C, Telinius, N, Lin, H-T, Huang, M-C, Lin, C-C, Chou, C-H & Hjortdal, JØ 2015, 'Use of Fish Scale-Derived BioCornea to Seal Full-Thickness Corneal Perforations in Pig Models', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 11.

Adolphsen, C & Jensen, EN 2015, 'Use of Force for Medical Purposes — A Danish Perspective', European Journal of Health Law, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 359-381. https://doi.org/10.1163/15718093-12341367

Sapkota, R & Nicolaisen, M 2015, Use of high throughput sequencing to study oomycete communities in soil and roots. in Rhizosphere 4 Abstract Book: Proceedings. pp. 389, Rhizosphere 4, Maastricht, Netherlands, 21/06/2015.

Göke, C & Dahl, K 2015, 'Use of Marxan and MarZone in the MSP planning process'.

Shrestha, S , Deleuran, LC , Olesen, MH & Gislum, R 2015, 'Use of Multispectral Imaging in Varietal Identification of Tomato', Sensors, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 4496-4512. https://doi.org/10.3390/s150204496

Munk-Olsen, T , Pedersen, HS , Laursen, TM , Fenger-Grøn, M , Vedsted, P & Vestergaard, M 2015, 'Use of primary health care prior to a postpartum psychiatric episode', Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. Supplement, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 127-33. https://doi.org/10.3109/02813432.2015.1041832

Larsen, ER, Damkier, P, Pedersen, LH, Fenger-Gron, J, Mikkelsen, RL, Nielsen, RE, Linde, VJ, Knudsen, HED, Skaarup, L & Videbech, P 2015, 'Use of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy and breast-feeding', Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, vol. 132, no. S445, pp. 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12479

Houe, H, Nielsen, SS, Denwood, M, Rousing, T , Sørensen, JT & Forkman, B 2015, Use of register data to assess animal welfare. in Improving Pig Welfare - what are the ways forward?. Videncenter for dyrevelfærd, pp. 42-45, International conference on pig welfare: Improving pig welfare – what are the ways forward?, Copenhagen, Denmark, 29/04/2015.

Zoega, H, Kieler, H, Nørgaard, M, Furu, K, Valdimarsdottir, U, Brandt, L & Haglund, B 2015, 'Use of SSRI and SNRI Antidepressants during Pregnancy: A Population-Based Study from Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. e0144474. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144474

Jensen, H , Tørring, ML , Olesen, F & Vedsted, P 2015, 'Use of standardised cancer patient pathways, and the impact on faster and early diagn osis of cancer inDenmark', Cancer and Primary Care Research International Network (Ca-PRI), Aarhus, Denmark, 20/05/2015 - 22/05/2015. <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ecc.12373/epdf>

Møller, H, Gildea, C, Meechan, D, Rubin, G, Round, T & Vedsted, P 2015, 'Use of the English urgent referral pathway for suspected cancer and mortality in patients with cancer: cohort study', BMJ, vol. 351, pp. h5102. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h5102

Clausen, MR , Schmedes, MS , Yde, CC , Bertram, HCS & Liaset, B 2015, 'Use of urine metabolomics to unveil metabolic events', Nutrient and metabolite sensing , København, Denmark, 01/11/2015 - 05/11/2015.

Poulsen, HD 2015, Use of zink oxide in the Danish pig production 2005-2014. in DANMAP 2014: DANMAP 2014 - Use of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals, food and humans in Denmark. pp. 40-40.

Olesen, HR , Ketzel, M , Jensen, SS , Løfstrøm, P , Im, U & Becker, T 2015, User Guide to OML-Highway. Technical Report from DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, no. 59, vol. 59. <http://dce2.au.dk/pub/TR59.pdf>

Dembélé, U, Diallo, AA, Koné, Y, Témé, B, Lykke, AM & Kouyaté, AM 2015, 'Use-value and importance of socio-cultural knowledge on Carapa procera trees in the Sudanian zone in Mali.', Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, vol. 11, no. 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-11-14

Birch, T 2015, Use-Wear Analysis, Metal. in KB Metheny & MC Beaudry (eds), Archaeology of Food: An Encyclopedia. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, MD, pp. 525-526.

Sanderson, H 2015, Usikkerhed og risiko. in A Skjoldborg Hansen (ed.), Klimatilpasning: Hvorfor og hvordan. vol. Miljøbibliotektet, Aarhus Universitetsforlag, DK, pp. 55-69.

Sørensen, AB & Aagaard, H 2015, 'Usikkerhed som følgesvend når børn dør på intensiv afdeling', Nordisk Sygeplejeforskning, vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 17 - 35. <https://www.idunn.no/nsf/2015/01/usikkerhed_som_foelgesvend_naar_boern_doer_paa_intensiv_afdeling>

Bennedsen, J, Rouvrais, S, Clark, R & Schrey-Niemenmaa, K 2015, 'Using Accreditation Criteria for Collaborative Quality Enhancement', Paper presented at International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning, Firenze, Italy, 20/09/2015 - 24/09/2015. <http://www.weef2015.eu/Proceedings_WEEF2015/proceedings/papers/Contribution1092.pdf>

Martin, O, Gaillard, C , Sehested, J & Friggens, NC 2015, 'Using a dairy cow model to interpret in vivo individual data and to upscale results at herd level through in silico experiments'.

Kristensen, TB 2015, Using adapted budget cost variance techniques to measure the impact of Lean – based on empirical findings in Lean case studies. in POMS 2015 PROCEEDINGS: Production and Operations Management Annual conference 2015. Production and Operations Management Society, POMS 26th Annual Conference – Washington D.C, USA – 8-11. May 2015, Washington D.C., United States, 08/05/2015. <https://www.pomsmeetings.org/ConfProceedings/060/Index.htm>

Danielsen, K & Sørensen, HK 2015, Using authentic sources in teaching logistic growth: A narrative design perspective. in History and Epistemology in Mathematics Education. Proceedings of the Seventh European Summer University. Danish School of Education, Aarhus University, pp. 499-510.

Solovieva, D, Hobson, K, Kharitonova, N, Newton, J, Fox, JW, Afanasyev, V & Fox, AD 2015, 'Using feather stable isotopes to identify moult origins of Scaly-sided Mergansers', Pan-European Duck Symposium, Hanko, Finland, 07/04/2015 - 11/04/2015.

Chudzińska, ME , van Beest, F , Madsen, J & Nabe-Nielsen, J 2015, 'Using habitat selection theories to predict the spatiotemporal distribution of migratory birds during stopover – a case study of pink-footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus', Oikos, vol. 124, no. 7, pp. 851-860. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.01881

Siboska, D & Karstoft, H 2015, Using illumination changes to synchronize eye tracking in visual paradigms. in G Plantier, T Schlutz, A Fred & H Gamboa (eds), Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies: 7th International Joint Conference, BIOSTEC 2014, Angers, France, March 3-6, 2014, Revised Selected Papers. vol. 511, Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol. 511, pp. 289-298, 7th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies, BIOSTEC 2014, Angers, France, 03/03/2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26129-4_19

Bødker, S 2015, 'Using IT to ‘do good’ in communities?', Journal of Community Informatics, vol. 11, no. 2. <http://www.ci-journal.net/index.php/ciej/article/view/1151>

Christensen, L , Nielsen, JH, Slater, CS, Lauer, A, Brouard, M & Stapelfeldt, H 2015, 'Using laser-induced Coulomb explosion of aligned chiral molecules to determine their absolute configuration', Physical Review A, vol. 92, 033411. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.92.033411

Edriss, V, Greve-Pedersen, M, Jensen, CS & Jensen, J 2015, Using Massive Multivariate NIRS Data in Ryegrass. in Final Program, Abstract & Exhibit Guide. pp. 290-290, Plant and Animal Genome Conference XIII, San Diego, United States, 10/01/2015. <https://pag.confex.com/pag/xxiii/webprogram/Paper15885.html>

Edriss, V, Greve-Pedersen, M, Jensen, CS & Jensen, J 2015, 'Using Massive Multivariate NIRS Data in Ryegrass', Plant and Animal Genome Conference XIII, San Diego, United States, 10/01/2015 - 14/01/2015. <https://pag.confex.com/pag/xxiii/webprogram/Paper15885.html>

Biering, K , Hjøllund, NHI & Frydenberg, M 2015, 'Using multiple imputation to deal with missing data and attrition in longitudinal studies with repeated measures of patient-reported outcomes', Clinical epidemiology, vol. 7, pp. 91-106. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S72247

Mielby, LH, Cai, R, Eggers, N, Jensen, S & Byrne, DV 2015, 'Using our eyes to study expected satiety and ideal portion size on rye cereal products', Pangborn 2015: "11th Pangborn Sensory Science Symposium", Gothenburg, Sweden, 23/08/2015 - 27/08/2015.

Jørgensen, U & Lærke, PE 2015, Using perennial grasses for sustainable European protein production. in Abstracts from the International conference on "Perennial biomass crops for a resource-constrained world". pp. 8-8, Perennial Biomass Crops for a Resource Constrained World, Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany, 07/09/2015.

Andersen, LV 2015, Using periodicity to mitigate ground vibration. in M Papadrakakis, V Papadopoulos & V Plevris (eds), Proceedings of COMPDYN 2015: 5th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. vol. 1, Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Reseach, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, pp. 922-932, 5th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Crete Island, Greece, 25/05/2015. <https://www.dropbox.com/s/1zd6hhp4jo7xr6q/compdyn_2015_vol_1.pdf?dl=1>

Hilton, A, Hilton, G, Dole, S & Goos, M 2015, 'Using photographic images to enhance conceptual development in situations of proportion', Australian Primary Mathematics Classroom, vol. 20, no. 1, 1, pp. 3-9. <http://search.ebscohost.com.ez.statsbiblioteket.dk:2048/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ehh&AN=102017191&site=ehost-live>

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