Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Höglund, J , Sørensen, MT & Ingvartsen, KL 2015, Phenotypic interrelationships between parameters predominately in milk - the GplusE project. in European Association for Animal Production. Annual Meeting. Book of Abstracts. Wageningen Academic Publishers, EAAP Book of Abstracts, pp. 549-549, 66th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science, Warsaw, Poland, 31/08/2015.

Manenti, T 2015, 'Phenotypic plasticity as an adaptive response to predictable and unpredictable environmental changes'.

Manenti, T , Loeschcke, V , Nasiri Moghadam, N & Sørensen, JG 2015, 'Phenotypic plasticity is not affected by experimental evolution in constant, predictable or unpredictable fluctuating thermal environments', Journal of Evolutionary Biology, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 2078-2087. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12735

Lankoande, B, Ouédraogo, A, Boussim, JI & Lykke, AM 2015, 'Phenotypic traits of Carapa procera fruits from riparian forests of Burkina Faso, West Africa', Journal of Horticulture and Forestry, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 160-167. https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2015.0394

Sholl, J 2015, 'Philippe Huneman, Gérard Lambert, and Marc Silberstein (eds.) Classification, Disease and Evidence: New Essays in the Philosophy of Medicine', History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 339-341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-015-0082-x

Andersen, S 2015, 'Philipp Koch: Gerechtes Wirtschaften. Das Problem der Gerechtigkeit in der Wirtschaft im Lichte lutherischer Ethik.', Theologische Literaturzeitung, vol. 140, no. 6, pp. 694-696.

Praëm, SK & Steglich-Petersen, A 2015, 'Philosophical thought experiments as heuristics for theory discovery', Synthese, vol. 192, no. 9, pp. 2827-2842. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-015-0684-6

Jensen, UJ 2015, Philosophy and the Rough Ground: Knowledge, Praxis, Health and Politics. Philosophical papers and book chapters 1976-2014. Center for humanistisk sundhedsforskning. Afdeling for filosofi og idehistorie. Institut for Kultur og Samfund. Aarhus Universitet.

Jørgensen, D 2015, 'Philosophy at a Crossroads', Philosophy Today, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 611-625. https://doi.org/10.5840/philtoday201510784

Geertz, AW 2015, 'Philosophy in the cognitive science of religion', Journal for the Cognitive Science of Religion, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1-6.

Nielsen, KH 2015, 'Philosophy of citizen science in practice', Fifth Biennial Conference of the Society for Philosophy of Science in Practice, Aarhus, Denmark, 24/06/2015 - 26/06/2015.

Wray, KB & Bornmann, L 2015, 'Philosophy of Science Viewed through the Lense of ‘Referenced Publication Years Spectroscopy’', Scientometrics, vol. 102, no. 3, pp. 1987-1996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-014-1465-6

Ren, L, Jeppesen, E, He, D, Wang, J, Liboriussen, L, Xing, P & Wu, QL 2015, 'pH Influences the Importance of Niche-Related and Neutral Processes in Lacustrine Bacterioplankton Assembly', Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 81, no. 9, pp. 3104-3114. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.04042-14

Ludes-Wehrmeister, E, Dupke, C, Harder, TC, Baumgärtner, W, Haas, L, Teilmann, J , Dietz, R, Jensen, LF & Siebert, U 2015, 'Phocine distemper virus (PDV) seroprevalence as predictor for future outbreaks in harbour seals', Veterinary Microbiology, vol. 183, pp. 43-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.11.017

Lindon, A & Root-Bernstein, M 2015, 'Phoenix flagships: Conservation values and guanaco reintroduction in an anthropogenic landscape', Ambio, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 458-471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0608-6

Garibaldi, CL & Bohn, O-S 2015, 'Phonetic similarity predicts ultimate attainment quite well: The case of Danish /i, y, u/ and /d, t/ for native speakers of English and of Spanish', Proceedings of the International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, vol. 2015.

Trecca, F, McCauley, SM, Callaway, F & Christiansen, MH 2015, 'Phonology affects statistical learning in artificial speech segmentation: Insights from behavioral experiments and computational modeling', International Conference on Interdisciplinary Advances in Statistical Learning, San Sebastian, Spain, 18/06/2015 - 27/06/2015.

Vad, BS , Balakrishnan, VS , Nielsen, SB & Otzen, D 2015, 'Phospholipid Ether Linkages Significantly Modulate the Membrane Affinity of the Antimicrobial Peptide Novicidin', Journal of Membrane Biology, pp. 487-496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-015-9792-y

Moghadam, NN , Holmstrup, M , Manenti, T & Loeschcke, V 2015, 'Phospholipid fatty acid composition linking larval-density to lifespan of adult Drosophila melanogaster', Experimental Gerontology, vol. 72, pp. 177-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2015.10.007

Panneerselvam, K , Lynge, ME , Riber, CF, Mena-Hernando, S, Smith, AAA, Goldie, KN, Zelikin, AN & Stadler, B 2015, 'Phospholipid-polymer amphiphile hybrid assemblies and their interaction with macrophages', Biomicrofluidics, vol. 9, no. 5, 052610. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4929405

Goyenola, G, Meerhoff, M, Teixeira-de Mello, F, González-Bergonzoni, I , Graeber, D, Fosalba, C, Vidal, N, Mazzeo, N, Ovesen, NB , Jeppesen, E & Kronvang, B 2015, 'Phosphorus dynamics in lowland streams as a response to climatic, hydrological and agricultural land use gradients', Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 3349-3390. https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-3349-2015

Gburek, WJ, Barberis, E, Haygarth, PM, Kronvang, B & Stamm, C 2015, Phosphorus mobility in the landscape. in Phosphorus: Agriculture and the Environment. Wiley, pp. 941-979. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr46.c29

Fang, C, Zhang, T, Li, P, Jiang, R, Wu, S, Nie, H & Wang, Y 2015, 'Phosphorus recovery from biogas fermentation liquid by Ca-Mg loaded biochar', Journal of Environmental Sciences (China), vol. 29, pp. 106-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2014.08.019

Kronvang, B , Poulsen, JR & Hoffmann, CC 2015, 'Phosphorus wetlands as targeted mitigation option in Denmark for reducing P-loadings to lakes', LuWQ2015, Land Use and Water Quality: Agricultural Production and the Environment, Vienna, Austria, 21/09/2015 - 24/09/2015.

Stewart, T, Sossi, V, Aasly, JO, Wszolek, ZK, Uitti, RJ, Hasegawa, K, Yokoyama, T, Zabetian, CP, Leverenz, JB, Stoessl, AJ, Wang, Y, Ginghina, C, Liu, C, Cain, KC, Auinger, P, Kang, UJ, Jensen, PH, Shi, M & Zhang, J 2015, 'Phosphorylated α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease: correlation depends on disease severity', Acta Neuropathologica Communications, vol. 3, no. 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-015-0185-3

Carrasco, E, Calvo, MI, Blázquez-Castro, A, Vecchio, D, Zamarrón, A, de Almeida, IJD, Stockert, JC, Hamblin, MR, Juarranz, Á & Espada, J 2015, 'Photoactivation of ROS Production in Situ Transiently Activates Cell Proliferation in Mouse Skin and in the hair Follicle Stem Cell Niche Promoting Hair Growth and Wound Healing', Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol. 135, no. 11, pp. 2611-2622. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2015.248

Rosas-Hernández, A, Junge, H & Beller, M 2015, 'Photochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid using Ruthenium(II)-Based Catalysts and Visible Light', ChemCatChem, vol. 7, no. 20, pp. 3316-3321. https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201500494

Feketeová, L, Plekan, O, Goonewardane, M, Ahmed, M, Albright, AL, White, J, O'Hair, RAJ, Horsman, MR, Wang, F & Prince, KC 2015, 'Photoelectron Spectra and Electronic Structures of the Radiosensitizer Nimorazole and Related Compounds', Journal of Physical Chemistry Part A: Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment and General Theory, vol. 119, no. 39, pp. 9986-95. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5b05950

Silva, AG, Pedersen, K, Li, ZS & Morgen, P 2015, 'Photoelectron spectroscopy as an in situ contact-less method for studies of MOS properties of ultrathin oxides on Si', Applied Surface Science, vol. 353, pp. 1208-1213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.07.024

Turovska, B, Lund, H, Lusis, V, Lielpetere, A, Liepins, E, Beljakovs, S, Goba, I & Stradins, J 2015, 'Photoinduced 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine ring conversions', Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol. 11, pp. 2166-2170. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.11.234

Heck, M 2015, Photonic integrated circuits for low-noise microwave generation. in European Semiconductor Laser Workshop: Abstract book., 2-13, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid , Madrid, pp. 49-50, European Semiconductor Laser Workshop ESLW 2015, Madrid, Spain, 24/09/2015. <http://www.epic-assoc.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/2015-European-Semiconductor-Laser-Workshop-Complete-Abstracts.pdf>

Vegas Olmos, JJ, Heck, M & Tafur Monroy, I 2015, Photonic Integrated Circuits for mmW Systems. in Abstracts from 36th Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium., 1610, Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium, Prague, Czech Republic, 06/07/2015. <https://www.google.dk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=6&ved=0ahUKEwiJjJeOtLPKAhXLFywKHa75B8wQFghCMAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpiers.org%2Fpiersproceedings%2Fdownload.php%3Ffile%3DcGllcnMyMDE1UHJhZ3VlfDNQNS5wZGZ8&usg=AFQjCNGxuRJUID2DNt-jF5sNLAyBNpO0tw>

Tambe, DS, Ivarsen, A & Hjortdal, J 2015, 'Photorefractive Keratectomy in Keratoconus', Case Reports in Ophthalmology, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 260-8. https://doi.org/10.1159/000431306

Rasmussen, R, Laursen, CB & Graumann, O 2015, 'Photosensitivity and double vision as initial symptoms of colon cancer', BMJ Case Reports.

Rasmussen, R, Laursen, CB & Graumann, O 2015, 'Photosensitivity and double vision as initial symptoms of colon cancer – A case report'. <http://www.drs-aarsmoede.dk/wp/videnskabeligt-program-test>

Jiao, X , Sørensen, KK , Andersen, MN , Lærke, PE, Jezowski, S, Ornatowski, S, Sacks, EJ & Jørgensen, U 2015, Photosynthesis in C4 miscanthus and C3 festulolium under cold conditions. in Abstracts from the International Conference on "Perennial biomass crops for a resource-constrained world". pp. 58-58, Perennial Biomass Crops for a Resource Constrained World, Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany, 07/09/2015.

Bekö, G, Callesen, M, Weschler, CJ, Toftum, J, Langer, S, Sigsgaard, T, Høst, A, Kold Jensen, T & Clausen, G 2015, 'Phthalate exposure through different pathways and allergic sensitization in preschool children with asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic dermatitis', Environmental Research, vol. 137C, pp. 432-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2015.01.012

Lenters, V, Portengen, L, Smit, LAM, Jönsson, BAG, Giwercman, A, Rylander, L, Lindh, CH, Spanò, M, Pedersen, HS, Ludwicki, JK, Chumak, L, Piersma, AH, Toft, G , Bonde, JP, Heederik, D & Vermeulen, R 2015, 'Phthalates, perfluoroalkyl acids, metals and organochlorines and reproductive function: a multipollutant assessment in Greenlandic, Polish and Ukrainian men', Occupational & Environmental Medicine, vol. 72, no. 6, pp. 385-393. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2014-102264

Müller, AL, Kjeldsen, KU, Rattai, T, Pester, M & Loy, A 2015, 'Phylogenetic and environmental diversity of DsrAB-type dissimilatory (bi)sulfite reductases', I S M E Journal, vol. 9, pp. 1152-1165. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2014.208

Söllinger, A, Schwab, C, Weinmaier, T, Loy, A, Tveit, AT, Schleper, C & Urich, T 2015, 'Phylogenetic and genomic analysis of Methanomassiliicoccales in wetlands and animal intestinal tracts reveals clade-specific habitat preferences', FEMS Microbiology Ecology, vol. 92, no. 1, PMID: 26613748 . https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiv149

Li, X , Canibe, N , Højberg, O & Jensen, BB 2015, Phylogenetic diversity of butyrate-producing bacteria isolated from the pig gut. in Proceedings of 13th DPP: Digestive Physiology in Pigs Symposium. Kliczkow, pp. 276-276, 13th Digestive Physiology of Pigs, Kliczkow, Poland, 19/05/2015.

Lehtonen, S, Jones, MM, Zuquim, G, Prado, J & Tuomisto, H 2015, 'Phylogenetic relatedness within Neotropical fern communities increases with soil fertility', Global Ecology and Biogeography, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 695-705. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12294

Lebret, K, Tesson, SVM, Kritzberg, ES, Tomas, C & Rengefors, K 2015, 'Phylogeography of the freshwater raphidophyte Gonyostomum semen confirms a recent expansion in northern Europe by a single haplotype', Journal of Phycology, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 768-781. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12317

Ekelund, U, Ward, HA, Norat, T, Luan, J, May, AM, Weiderpass, E, Sharp, SJ, Overvad, K , Østergaard, JN, Tjønneland, A, Johnsen, NF, Mesrine, S, Fournier, A, Fagherazzi, G, Trichopoulou, A, Lagiou, P, Trichopoulos, D, Li, K, Kaaks, R, Ferrari, P, Licaj, I, Jenab, M, Bergmann, M, Boeing, H, Palli, D, Sieri, S, Panico, S, Tumino, R, Vineis, P, Peeters, PH, Monnikhof, E, Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB, Quirós, JR, Agudo, A, Sánchez, M-J, Huerta, JM, Ardanaz, E, Arriola, L, Hedblad, B, Wirfält, E, Sund, M, Johansson, M, Key, TJ, Travis, RC, Khaw, K-T, Brage, S, Wareham, NJ & Riboli, E 2015, 'Physical activity and all-cause mortality across levels of overall and abdominal adiposity in European men and women: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study (EPIC)', American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 101, no. 3, pp. 613-21. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.100065

Lidegaard, LP, Hansen, A-LS, Johansen, NB, Witte, DR, Brage, S, Lauritzen, T , Jørgensen, ME, Christensen, DL & Færch, K 2015, 'Physical activity energy expenditure vs cardiorespiratory fitness level in impaired glucose metabolism', Diabetologia, vol. 58, no. 12, pp. 2709-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-015-3738-x