Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Köhler-Forsberg, O, N. Lydholm, C, Hjorthøj, C, Nordentoft, M, Mors, O & Benros, ME 2019, 'Efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatment on major depressive disorder or depressive symptoms: meta-analysis of clinical trials', Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, vol. 139, no. 5, pp. 404-419. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13016

Shokouh, P , Jeppesen, PB , Christiansen, CB , Mellbye, FB , Hermansen, K & Gregersen, S 2019, 'Efficacy of Arabica Versus Robusta Coffee in Improving Weight, Insulin Resistance, and Liver Steatosis in a Rat Model of Type-2 Diabetes', Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 9, 2074. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092074

Dige, A , Hougaard, HT , Agnholt, J , Pedersen, BG, Tencerova, M, Kassem, M, Krogh, K & Lundby, L 2019, 'Efficacy of Injection of Freshly Collected Autologous Adipose Tissue Into Perianal Fistulas in Patients With Crohn's Disease', Gastroenterology, vol. 156, no. 8, pp. 2208-2216.e1. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.02.005

Hansen, CS, Jørgensen, ME, Fleischer, J , Bøtker, HE & Rossing, P 2019, 'Efficacy of Long-Term Remote Ischemic Conditioning on Vascular and Neuronal Function in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease', Journal of the American Heart Association, vol. 8, no. 13, e011779. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.011779

Reimer, LCU , Jakobsen, SS , Mortensen, L , Dalgas, U , Jacobsen, JS , Soballe, K, Bere, T, Madsen, JE, Nordsletten, L, Risberg, MA & Mechlenburg, I 2019, 'Efficacy of periacetabular osteotomy followed by progressive resistance training compared to progressive resistance training as non-surgical treatment in patients with hip dysplasia (PreserveHip) - a protocol for a randomised controlled trial', BMJ Open, vol. 9, no. 12, e032782. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032782

Bagley, AF, Grosshans, DR, Philip, NV, Foster, J, McAleer, MF, McGovern, SL, Lassen-Ramshad, Y, Mahajan, A & Paulino, AC 2019, 'Efficacy of proton therapy in children with high-risk and locally recurrent neuroblastoma', Pediatric Blood and Cancer, vol. 66, no. 8, e27786. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.27786

Sune, M & Imparato, A 2019, 'Efficiency fluctuations in steady-state machines', Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, vol. 52, no. 4, 045003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/aaf2f8

Wang, Y, Han, W, Wang, C, Zhou, Y, Shi, R, Bonefeld-Jørgensen, EC, Yao, Q, Yuan, T, Gao, Y, Zhang, J & Tian, Y 2019, 'Efficiency of maternal-fetal transfer of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances', Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 2691-2698. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3686-3

Cock, MD, Dowsley, R, Horst, C, Katti, R, Nascimento, A, Poon, WS & Truex, S 2019, 'Efficient and Private Scoring of Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines and Logistic Regression Models based on Pre-Computation', IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, vol. 16, no. 2, 7873244, pp. 217-230. https://doi.org/10.1109/TDSC.2017.2679189

Klinting, EL 2019, 'Efficient Construction of the Hamilton Operator for Nuclear Motion'.

Juul-Madsen, K, Zhao, H, Vorup-Jensen, T & Schuck, P 2019, 'Efficient data acquisition with three-channel centerpieces in sedimentation velocity', Analytical Biochemistry, vol. 586, 113414, pp. 113414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2019.113414

Nazari, P, Tootoonchian, P & Rahman Setayesh, S 2019, 'Efficient degradation of AO7 by ceria-delafossite nanocomposite with non-inert support as a synergistic catalyst in electro-fenton process.', Environmental Pollution, vol. 252, no. Part A, pp. 749-757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.011

Nazari, P & Rahman Setayesh, S 2019, 'Efficient Fe/CuFeO2/rGO nanocomposite catalyst for electro‐Fenton degradation of organic pollutant: Preparation, characterization and optimization', Applied Organometallic Chemistry, vol. 33, no. 10, e5138. https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.5138

van der Sluis, RM 2019, 'Efficient HIV latency reversal with immune checkpoint blockade in a primary T-cell latency model.', European Congress of Virology 2019, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 28/04/2019 - 01/05/2019.

Abspoel, M, Cramer, R, Damgård, IB , Escudero Ospina, DE & Yuan, C 2019, Efficient Information-Theoretic Secure Multiparty Computation over Z/p^k Z via Galois Rings. in D Hofheinz & A Rosen (eds), Theory of Cryptography - 17th International Conference, TCC 2019, Proceedings: Proceedings. vol. Part 1, Springer, Cham, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 11891, pp. 471-501, Theory of Cryptography Conference, 17th International Conference, Nurnberg, Germany, 01/12/2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36030-6_19

Monti, M, Woolley, JM, Staniforth, M, Wijesekara, A, Tao, SX, Bandara, RMI, Jayawardena, I, Crocker, A, Griffin, E, Silva, SRP, Hatton, RA & Lloyd-Hughes, J 2019, Efficient intraband hot carrier relaxation in Sn and Pb perovskite semiconductors mediated by strong electron-phonon coupling. in Ultrafast Phenomena and Nanophotonics XXIII., 109160M, SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, Proceedings of SPIE , vol. 10916, Ultrafast Phenomena and Nanophotonics XXIII 2019, San Francisco, United States, 03/02/2019. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2507268

Kaadt, E , Alsing, S , Cecchi, CR , Damgaard, CK , Corydon, TJ & Aagaard, L 2019, 'Efficient Knockdown and Lack of Passenger Strand Activity by Dicer-Independent shRNAs Expressed from Pol II-Driven MicroRNA Scaffolds', Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids, vol. 14, pp. 318-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2018.11.013

Stentoft, L 2019, 'Efficient Numerical Pricing of American Call Options using Symmetry Arguments', Journal of Risk and Financial Management, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12020059

Chatterjee, K, Goharshady, AK, Okati, N & Pavlogiannis, A 2019, 'Efficient Parameterized Algorithms for Data Packing', Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages , vol. 3, no. POPL, 53. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290366

Boyle, E, Couteau, G, Gilboa, N, Ishai, Y, Kohl, L & Scholl, P 2019, Efficient Pseudorandom Correlation Generators: Silent OT Extension and More. in D Micciancio & A Boldyreva (eds), Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO 2019 - 39th Annual International Cryptology Conference, Proceedings: CRYPTO 2019. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 11694, pp. 489-518, Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO 2019, 18/08/2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26954-8_16

Budde, M, Friedrichs, S, Alliey-Rodriguez, N, Ament, S, Badner, JA, Berrettini, WH, Bloss, CS, Byerley, W, Cichon, S, Comes, AL, Coryell, W, Craig, DW, Degenhardt, F, Edenberg, HJ, Foroud, T, Forstner, AJ, Frank, J, Gershon, ES, Goes, FS, Greenwood, TA, Guo, Y, Hipolito, M, Hood, L, Keating, BJ, Koller, DL, Lawson, WB, Liu, C, Mahon, PB, McInnis, MG, McMahon, FJ, Meier, SM, Mühleisen, TW, Murray, SS, Nievergelt, CM, Nurnberger, JI, Nwulia, EA, Potash, JB, Quarless, D, Rice, J, Roach, JC, Scheftner, WA, Schork, NJ, Shekhtman, T, Shilling, PD, Smith, EN, Streit, F, Strohmaier, J, Szelinger, S, Treutlein, J, Witt, SH, Zandi, PP, Zhang, P, Zöllner, S, Bickeböller, H, Falkai, PG, Kelsoe, JR, Nöthen, MM, Rietschel, M, Schulze, TG & Malzahn, D 2019, 'Efficient region-based test strategy uncovers genetic risk factors for functional outcome in bipolar disorder', European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 156-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.10.005

Hazay, C , Mikkelsen, GL, Rabin, T, Toft, T & Nicolosi, AA 2019, 'Efficient RSA Key Generation and Threshold Paillier in the Two-Party Setting', Journal of Cryptology, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 265-323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00145-017-9275-7

Høeg, CE & Zhang, Z 2019, Efficient time-domain hydrodynamic model for floating offshore wind turbines using rational approximations. in A Zingoni (ed.), Advances in Engineering Materials, Structures and Systems: Innovations, Mechanics and Applications - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, 2019. CRC Press, Leiden, pp. 675-680, 7th International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, Cape Town, South Africa, 02/09/2019. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429426506

Boyle, E, Couteau, G, Gilboa, N, Ishai, Y, Kohl, L, Rindal, P & Scholl, P 2019, Efficient Two-Round OT Extension and Silent Non-Interactive Secure Computation. in L Cavallaro, J Kinder, X Wang & J Katz (eds), CCS 2019 - Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 291-308, ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, London, United Kingdom, 11/11/2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3319535.3354255

Cascudo, I, Damgård, I, David, B, Döttling, N, Dowsley, R & Giacomelli, I 2019, Efficient UC Commitment Extension with Homomorphism for Free (and Applications). in SD Galbraith & S Moriai (eds), Advances in Cryptology – ASIACRYPT 2019 - 25th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security, Proceedings. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 11922, pp. 606-635, 25th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptology and Information Security, ASIACRYPT 2019, Kobe, Japan, 08/12/2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34621-8_22

Burdanova, MG, Tsapenko, AP, Satco, DA, Kashtiban, R, Mosley, CDW, Monti, M, Staniforth, M, Sloan, J, Gladush, YG, Nasibulin, AG & Lloyd-Hughes, J 2019, 'Efficient ultrafast THz modulators based on negative photoconductivity in controllably doped carbon nanotubes', International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, IRMMW-THz. https://doi.org/10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2019.8874202

Palmén, R, Bührer, S, Kalpazidou Schmidt, E, Reidl, S, Groo, D, Striebing, C & Holzinger, F 2019, EFFORTI: Comparative Findings of 19 Case Study Interventions for a Greater Gender Equality in R&I across: 6 European Countries. in 14th ESA Conference | Europe and Beyond: Boundaries, Barriers and Belonging.

Feaster, M, Arah, OA & Krause, N 2019, 'Effort-reward imbalance and ambulatory blood pressure among female Las Vegas hotel room cleaners', American Journal of Industrial Medicine, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 523-534. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22980

Nouri, J, Ebner, M, Ifenthaler, D, Saqr, M, Malmberg, J, Khalil, M, Bruun, J, Viberg, O, Gonzalez, MAC, Papamitsiou, Z & Berthelsen, UD 2019, 'Efforts in Europe for Data-Driven Improvement of Education: A Review of Learning Analytics Research in Seven Countries', International Journal of Learning Analytics and Artificial Intelligence for Education (iJAI), vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 8-27. <https://www.online-journals.org/index.php/i-jai/article/view/11053>

Kerr, S 2019, 'Efforts to address climate change will change landscape forever', Trinity Long Room Hub News. <https://www.tcd.ie/trinitylongroomhub/media/news/articles/2019-07-18-Examine-Europe.php>

Langager, S 2019, Efter inklusionen: skitser. in KE Petersen & JH Hansen (eds), Inklusion og eksklusion: en grundbog. Hans Reitzels Forlag, København, pp. 179-192.

Nielsen, K 2019, Efterskrift. in I Krogsdal (ed.), Fra dybet: Nye salmer over gamle salmer. Syng Nyt, Hjortshøj, pp. 93-117.

Andersen, JE 2019, Efterskrift. in J Barnwell & A Juhl Rasmussen (eds), Ved havet. Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab, København, pp. 219-254.

Thorup, M 2019, Efterskrift. in MC Nussbaum (ed.), Frygtens monarki: et filosofisk blik på vores politiske krise. Klim, Aarhus, pp. 309-329.

Andersen, LT 2019, Efterskrift. in J Barnwell (ed.), Øvrige noveller og kortprosa . Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab, København, pp. 345-370.

Nielsen, K 2019, Efterskrift: et studie i ondskab. in N Højberg & A Lorenzen (eds), Et studie i ondskab. Kandor, Danmark, pp. 614-641.

Høiris, O & Jensen, PKA 2019, Efterskrift. in O Høiris & PKA Jensen (eds), Evolutionens menneske – menneskets evolution. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus, pp. 415-419.

Lysemose, K 2019, Efterskrift: Om baggrunden for og ansatsen i Roberto Espositos Communitas. in Communitas: Fællesskabets oprindelse og endeligt. Forlaget THP, S.l., pp. 215-261; 293-304.

Jones, S & Jensen, P 2019, Efterværn – opfølgning og støtte efter afsluttet behandling. in SP Hansen, P Jensen & MC Madsen (eds), Alliancen - unge med dobbeltdiagnose. Grønbog om unge under 25 år med psykiske vanskeligheder og samtidigt problematisk brug af rusmidler: oplæg til høring på Christiansborg den 20. november 2019. SPUK. <https://dobbeltdiagnose.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/13_Efterv%C3%A6rn-opf%C3%B8lgning-og-st%C3%B8tte-efter-afsluttet-behandling_Alliancen2019.pdf>

Winther-Larsen, A , Fynboe Ebert, EB , Meldgaard, P & Sorensen, BS 2019, 'EGFR Gene Polymorphism Predicts Improved Outcome in Patients With EGFR Mutation-positive Non–small cell Lung Cancer Treated With Erlotinib', Clinical Lung Cancer, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 161-166.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cllc.2019.02.011

Jørgensen, TS, Jepsen, PM, Petersen, HCB, Friis, DS & Hansen, BW 2019, 'Eggs of the copepod Acartia tonsa Dana require hypoxic conditions to tolerate prolonged embryonic development arrest', BMC Ecology, vol. 19, no. 1, 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-018-0217-5

Bager, P 2019, e-Health. in A Sturm & L White (eds), Inflammatory Bowel Disease Nursing Manual. 1 edn, Springer, Switzerland, pp. 417-422. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75022-4

Øyeflaten, I, Johansen, T , Nielsen, CV, Johnsen, TL, Tveito, TH & Momsen, AMH 2019, 'eHealth interventions to facilitate work participation: a scoping review protocol', JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports , vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 1026-1033. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBISRIR-2017-003953

Vestbo, S , Hindberg, C , Olesen, JM & Funch, P 2019, 'Eiders as Long Distance Connectors in Arctic Networks', Cross-Cultural Research, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 252-271. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397118806820

Myers-Smith, IH, Grabowski, MM, Thomas, HJD, Angers-Blondin, S, Daskalova, GN, Bjorkman, AD, Cunliffe, AM, Assmann, JJ, Boyle, JS, McLeod, E, McLeod, S, Joe, R, Lennie, P, Arey, D, Gordon, RR & Eckert, CD 2019, 'Eighteen years of ecological monitoring reveals multiple lines of evidence for tundra vegetation change', Ecological Monographs, vol. 89, no. 2, e01351. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1351

Philippsen, B , Ivanovaite, L, Makhotka, K, Sauer, FR , Riede, F & Olsen, J 2019, 'Eight new Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene AMS dates from the south-eastern Baltic', Radiocarbon: An International Journal of Cosmogenic Isotope Research, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 615-627. https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2018.153, https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2018.153

Philippsen, B , Ivanovaite, L, Makhotka, K, Sauer, F , Riede, F & Olsen, J 2019, 'Eight New Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene AMS Dates from the Southeastern Baltic', Radiocarbon, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 615-627. https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2018.153

Krøjgaard, P , Sonne, T, Lerebourg, M, Lambek, R & Kingo, OS 2019, 'Eight-year-olds, but not six-year-olds, perform just as well as adults when playing Concentration: Resolving the enigma?', Consciousness and Cognition, vol. 69, pp. 81-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2019.01.015

Oksbjerg, N , Jensen, JA, Petersen, JS & Therkildsen, M 2019, 'Einfluss der bruttemperatur auf das muskelgewicht, die knochenfestigkeit und lauffähigkeit von broilern', European Poultry Science (EPS) / Archiv für Geflügelkunde, vol. 83. https://doi.org/10.1399/eps.2019.264

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