Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Burau, V, Hillersdal, L, Timm, A & Maindal, HT 2019, 'Intersectoral coordination and diabetes prevention. Building capacity through professional agency', European Journal of Public Health, vol. 29.

Burau, V, Hillersdal, L & Maindal, HT 2019, 'Intersectoral coordination of prevention over the life course: professionals and the making of diabetes prevention in Denmark', International Conference for Integrated Care 2019, San Sebastian, Spain, 01/04/2019 - 03/04/2019.

Maindal, HT 2019, 'Intersectoral coordination of prevention over the life course: professionals and the making of diabetes prevention in Denmark', The International Integrated Care Conference, San Sebastian, Spain, 01/04/2019 - 03/04/2019.

Knudsen, BT , Stage, C & Zandersen, M 2019, 'Interspecies park life: Participatory experiments and micro-utopian landscaping to increase urban biodiverse entanglement', Space & Culture. https://doi.org/10.1177/1206331219863312

Bendstrup, E , Møller, J , Kronborg-White, S , Prior, TS & Hyldgaard, C 2019, 'Interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis remains a challenge for clinicians', Journal of Clinical Medicine, vol. 8, no. 12, 2038. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122038

Petersen, LBS 2019, Intertwined hospitalities in a Danish church. in T Wyller & S Bendixsen (eds), Contested hospitalities in a time of migration: religious and secular counterspaces in the Nordic Region. Routledge, Routledge , pp. 146-161. <https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780429273773>

Haslund-Krog, SS, Hertel, S, Dalhoff, K, Poulsen, S, Christensen, U, Wilkins, D, van den Anker, J, Brink Henriksen, T & Holst, H 2019, 'Interventional cohort study of prolonged use (>72 hours) of paracetamol in neonates: protocol of the PARASHUTE study', BMJ paediatrics open, vol. 3, no. 1, e000427. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2018-000427

Meier, K, Enggaard, TP & Sørensen, JCH 2019, Interventionel 2: Neuromodulation. in MU Werner, NB Finnerup & L Arendt-Nielsen (eds), Smerter: Baggrund, evidens og behandling. 4. edn, FADL's Forlag, København, pp. 588-600.

Esteves, SC 2019, Interventions to Prevent Sperm DNA Damage Effects on Reproduction. in E Baldi & M Muratori (eds), Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol. 1166, pp. 119-148. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21664-1_8

Frederiksen, MD 2019, In the house of un-things: decay and deferral in a vacated Bulgarian home. in F Martinez & P Laviolette (eds), Repair, brokenness, breakthrough: ethnographic responses. Berghahn Books, New York.

Bach, T, Boon, J , Boye, S , Salomonsen, HH, Verhoest, K & Wegrich, K 2019, 'In the Line of Fire: European Financial Regulators before, during, and after the Crisis', DMS - Der Moderne Staat, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 5-29. https://doi.org/10.3224/dms.v12i1.03

Grøn, CH & Salomonsen, HH 2019, 'In the Mayor we trust? Trust as the micro foundation of complementary politico-Administrative Relations in Local Governments', Administration & Society, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 581-606. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399718791541

Rasmussen, CK, van den Bosch, T, Exacoustos, C, Manegold-Brauer, G, Benacerraf, BR, Froyman, W, Landolfo, C, Condorelli, M, Egekvist, AG, Josefsson, H, Leone, FPG, Jokubkiene, L, Zannoni, L, Epstein, E, Installé, A & Dueholm, M 2019, 'Intra- and Inter-Rater Agreement Describing Myometrial Lesions Using Morphologic Uterus Sonographic Assessment: A Pilot Study', Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, vol. 38, pp. 2673-2683. https://doi.org/10.1002/jum.14971

D'Amore, AL , Rasmussen, M , Christensen, L , von Oettingen, G , Nørholt, SE , Krogh, L , Hvas, A-M , Juul, N & Fenger-Eriksen, C 2019, 'Intra- and Postoperative Blood Loss and Transfusion Requirements in Children Undergoing Craniofacial Surgery', The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 1798-1801. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000005492

Nandakumar, R, Tschismarov, R, Meissner, F, Prabakaran, T , Krissanaprasit, A , Farahani, E , Zhang, BC , Assil, S, Martin, A, Bertrams, W, Holm, CK, Ablasser, A, Klause, T , Thomsen, MK, Schmeck, B, Howard, KA, Henry, T, Gothelf, KV, Decker, T & Paludan, SR 2019, 'Intracellular bacteria engage a STING–TBK1–MVB12b pathway to enable paracrine cGAS–STING signalling', Nature Microbiology, vol. 4, pp. 701-713. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0367-z

Yang, T, Teske, A, Ambrose, W, Salman-Carvalho, V, Bagnell, R & Nielsen, LP 2019, 'Intracellular calcite and sulfur dynamics of Achromatium cells observed in a lab-based enrichment and aerobic incubation experiment', Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology, vol. 112, no. 2, pp. 263-274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-018-1153-2

Emile, SH, Elfeki, H, Shalaby, M, Sakr, A, Bassuni, M, Christensen, P & Wexner, SD 2019, 'Intracorporeal versus extracorporeal anastomosis in minimally invasive right colectomy: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis', Techniques in Coloproctology, vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 1023-1035. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10151-019-02079-7

Omigie, D, Pearce, M, Lehongre, K, Hasboun, D, Navarro, V, Adam, C & Samson, S 2019, 'Intracranial Recordings and Computational Modeling of Music Reveal the Time Course of Prediction Error Signaling in Frontal and Temporal Cortices', Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 855-873. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01388

Thyrsgaard, M 2019, 'Intraday Phenomena in Financial Markets', Aarhus.

Hojbjerg, JA , Madsen, AT , Schmidt, HH , Sorensen, SF , Stougaard, M , Meldgaard, P & Sorensen, BS 2019, 'Intra-individual variation of circulating tumour DNA in lung cancer patients', Molecular Oncology, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 2098-2106. https://doi.org/10.1002/1878-0261.12546

Senti, G, Freiburghaus, AU, Larenas-Linnemann, D, Hoffmann, HJ, Patterson, AM, Klimek, L, Di Bona, D, Pfaar, O, Ahlbeck, L, Akdis, M, Weinfeld, D, Contreras-Verduzco, FA, Pedroza-Melendez, A, Skaarup, SH, Lee, SM, Cardell, LO, Schmid, JM, Westin, U, Dollner, R & Kündig, TM 2019, 'Intralymphatic Immunotherapy: Update and Unmet Needs', International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, vol. 178, no. 2, pp. 141-149. https://doi.org/10.1159/000493647

Gilbert, A, Lollar, BS, Musat, F, Giunta, T, Chen, S, Kajimoto, Y, Yamada, K, Boreham, CJ, Yoshida, N & Ueno, Y 2019, 'Intramolecular isotopic evidence for bacterial oxidation of propane in subsurface natural gas reservoirs', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), vol. 116, no. 14, pp. 6653-6658. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817784116

Sirbikaite, L & Naeser, K 2019, 'Intraocular pressure after phacoemulsification surgery - one to 11 years follow-up with the phakic fellow eye as control', Acta Ophthalmologica, vol. 97, no. 5, pp. E810-E811. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.14026

Friesgaard, KD , Brix, LD , Kristensen, CB , Rian, O & Nikolajsen, L 2019, 'Intraoperative methadone for postoperative pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy: Protocol for a randomised, double-blind trial', Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 1257-1261. https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.13433

Nielsen, RV, Fomsgaard, JS, Nikolajsen, L, Dahl, JB & Mathiesen, O 2019, 'Intraoperative S-ketamine for the reduction of opioid consumption and pain one year after spine surgery: A randomized clinical trial of opioid-dependent patients', European Journal of Pain, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 455-460. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1317

Ivashchenko, O, Pouw, B, de Witt, JK, Koudounarakis, E, Nijkamp, J, van Veen, RLP, Ruers, TJM & Karakullukcu, BM 2019, 'Intraoperative verification of resection margins of maxillary malignancies by cone-beam computed tomography', British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 174-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.01.007

Helmig, RB & Gertsen, JB 2019, 'Intrapartum PCR-assay for detection of Group B Streptococci (GBS)', European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X, vol. 4, 100081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurox.2019.100081

Schulz, AL , Kirkeby, L & Hansen, TB 2019, 'Intraprotetisk luksation i rodledsprotese', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 181, no. 5, 10180682.

Ren, L 2019, 'Intraspecific variability in wetland plants: Causes and applications'.

Ren, L 2019, 'Intraspecific variation of common reed (Phragmites australis): Trait responses and phenotypic plasticity vary with latitude of origin', Danish Oikos meeting 2019, Aarhus, Denmark, 11/03/2019 - 13/03/2019.

Damgaard, IB , Ivarsen, A & Hjortdal, J 2019, 'Intrastromal Lenticule Rotation for Treatment of Astigmatism Up to 10.00 Diopters Ex Vivo in Human Corneas', Journal of Refractive Surgery, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 451-458. https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20190618-02

Devantier, L, Djurhuus, BD, Hougaard, DD, Handel, MN, Guldfred, FL-A, Schmidt, JH & Edemann-Callesen, H 2019, 'Intratympanic Steroid for Meniere's Disease: A Systematic Review', Otology & Neurotology, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 806-812. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000002255

De Fazio, C, Skrifvars, MB, Søreide, E, Creteur, J, Grejs, AM, Kjærgaard, J, Laitio, T, Nee, J, Kirkegaard, H & Taccone, FS 2019, 'Intravascular versus surface cooling for targeted temperature management after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: An analysis of the TTH48 trial', Critical Care, vol. 23, no. 1, 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-019-2335-7

Mannisto, S, Vähämurto, P, Pollari, M, Clausen, MR, Jyrkkiö, S, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen, PL, Kovanen, P, Karjalainen-Lindsberg, ML, d'Amore, F & Leppä, S 2019, 'Intravenous but not intrathecal central nervous system–directed chemotherapy improves survival in patients with testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma', European Journal of Cancer, vol. 115, pp. 27-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2019.04.004

Krishnan, SR, Mandal, S, Bapat, B, Gopal, R, D’Elia, A, Srinivas, H, Richter, R, Coreno, M, Mudrich, M & Sharma, V 2019, Intriguing Single Photon Induced Processes in Helium Nanodroplets. in PC Deshmukh, E Krishnakumar, S Fritzsche, M Krishnamurthy & S Majumder (eds), Quantum Collisions and Confinement of Atomic and Molecular Species, and Photons - Select Proceedings of the 7th Topical Conference of ISAMP 2018. Springer, Springer Proceedings in Physics, vol. 230, pp. 121-129, 7th Topical Conference of the Indian Society of Atomic and Molecular Physics, ISAMP 2018, Tirupati, India, 06/01/2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9969-5_11

Kiefer, HV , Gruber, E , Langeland, J, Kusochek, PA, Bochenkova, AV & Andersen, LH 2019, 'Intrinsic photoisomerization dynamics of protonated Schiff-base retinal', Nature Communications, vol. 10, no. 1, 1210, pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09225-7

Gruber, E , Kjær, C , Nielsen, SB & Andersen, LH 2019, 'Intrinsic Photophysics of Light-harvesting Charge-tagged Chlorophyll a and b Pigments', Chemistry - A European Journal, vol. 25, no. 39, pp. 9153-9158. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201901786

Johansen, TS 2019, Intro. in P Krog Hansen & M Wolff Lundholt (eds), Kommunikationsmodeller. Samfundslitteratur, Frederiksberg, pp. 164-167.

Lunde, SJ 2019, 'Introducing a placebo control to the investigation of music-induced analgesia: Challenging current hypotheses and methodology', Aarhus. <https://soeg.kb.dk/permalink/45KBDK_KGL/fbp0ps/alma99123290068505763>

Guimaraes, A, Borin, E & Aranha, DF 2019, Introducing arithmetic failures to accelerate QC-MDPC code-based cryptography. in M Baldi, E Persichetti & P Santini (eds), Code-Based Cryptography - 7th International Workshop, CBC 2019, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 11666, pp. 44-68, Code-Based Cryptography Workshop, Darmstadt, Germany, 18/05/2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25922-8_3

Anderson, RM, Buitenwerf, R, Driessen, C, Genes, L, Lorimer, J & Svenning, JC 2019, 'Introducing rewilding to restoration to expand the conservation effort: a response to Hayward et al.', Biodiversity and Conservation, vol. 28, no. 13, pp. 3691-3693. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01845-1

Knutsen, CH, Teorell, J, Wig, T, Cornell, A, Gerring, J, Gjerløw, H, Skaaning, S-E, Ziblatt, D, Marquardt, K, Pemstein, D & Seim, B 2019, 'Introducing the Historical Varieties of Democracy Dataset: Political Institutions in the Long 19th Century', Journal of Peace Research, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 440-451. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318823866

Brügger, N & Laursen, D 2019, Introduction: digital humanities, the web, and national web domains. in N Brügger & D Laursen (eds), The historical web and digital humanities: the case of national web domains. Routledge, Abingdon, pp. 1-9.

Scavenius, T & Lippert-Rasmussen, K 2019, 'Introduction', Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2017.1403117

Ulfbeck, V, Andhov, A & Mitkidis, K 2019, Introduction. in Law and Responsible Supply Chain Management: Contract and Tort Interplay and Overlap. Routledge, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429461231-1

Borup, J & Fibiger, MQ 2019, Introduction. in J Borup, MQ Fibiger & L Kühle (eds), Religious diversity in Asia. Brill, Leiden, International Studies in Religion and Society, vol. 34, pp. 1-20.

Bruun, H & Frandsen, K 2019, 'Introduction', Nordic Journal of Media Studies, vol. 1, no. 1, 1, pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.2478/njms-2019-0001

Reinders, MJ, Banovic, M & Guerrero, L 2019, Introduction. in C Galanakis (ed.), Innovations in Traditional Foods. Woodhead Publishing, pp. 1-26.

Michelsen, M & Krogh, M 2019, Introduction: Complexities of Genre, of Mediation, and of Community. in M Michelsen, M Krogh, SK Nielsen & I Have (eds), Music Radio: Building Communities, Mediating Genre. Bloomsbury Academic, New York, pp. 1-26.

Skipper, M & Steglich-Petersen, A 2019, Introduction. in M Skipper & A Steglich-Petersen (eds), Higher-Order Evidence: New Essays. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 1-12.

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