Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Nørremark, M & Dalum, K (eds) 2015, Traktoren – en grundbog. SEGES forlag.

Chen, YC, Auer-Grumbach, M, Matsukawa, S, Zitzelsberger, M, Themistocleous, AC, Strom, TM, Samara, C, Moore, AW, Cho, LTY, Young, GT, Weiss, C, Schabhüttl, M, Stucka, R, Schmid, AB, Parman, Y, Graul-Neumann, L, Heinritz, W, Passarge, E, Watson, RM, Hertz, JM, Moog, U, Baumgartner, M, Valente, EM, Pereira, D, Restrepo, CM, Katona, I, Dusl, M, Stendel, C, Wieland, T, Stafford, F, Reimann, F, Von Au, K, Finke, C, Willems, PJ, Nahorski, MS, Shaikh, SS, Carvalho, OP, Nicholas, AK, Karbani, G, McAleer, MA, Cilio, MR, McHugh, JC, Murphy, SM, Irvine, AD, Jensen, UB, Windhager, R, Weis, J, Bergmann, C, Rautenstrauss, B & Baets, J 2015, 'Transcriptional regulator PRDM12 is essential for human pain perception', Nature Genetics, vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 803-808. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3308

Højland, DH & Kristensen, M 2015, Transcriptome analysis of insecticide resistance in Danish houseflies. in Resistance 2015. pp. 75-75, Resistance 2015, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom, 14/09/2015.

Højland, DH & Kristensen, M 2015, 'Transcriptome analysis of insecticide resistance in Danish houseflies', Resistance 2015, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom, 14/09/2015 - 16/09/2015.

Irla, M, Neshat, A, Brautaset, T, Rückert, C, Kalinowski, J & Wendisch, VF 2015, 'Transcriptome analysis of thermophilic methylotrophic Bacillus methanolicus MGA3 using RNA-sequencing provides detailed insights into its previously uncharted transcriptional landscape', BMC Genomics, vol. 16, no. 1, 73. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-015-1239-4

Lauber, C, Vieyres, G, Terczynska-Dyla, E, Kusuma, A, Dijkman, R, Gad, HH , Akhtar, H, Geffers, R, Vondran, F, Thiel, V, Kaderali, L, Pietschmann, T & Hartmann, R 2015, 'Transcriptome analysis reveals a classical interferon signature induced by IFNλ4 in human primary cells.', Genes and Immunity, vol. 16, pp. 414-421. https://doi.org/10.1038/gene.2015.23

Churcher, AM, Pujolar, JM, Milan, M, Huertas, M, Hubbard, PC, Bargelloni, L, Patarnello, T, Marino, IAM, Zane, L & Canario, AVM 2015, 'Transcriptomic profiling of male European eel (Anguilla anguilla) livers at sexual maturity', Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part D: Genomics and Proteomics, vol. 16, pp. 28-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2015.07.002

Ogorevc, J, Mihevc, SP, Hedegaard, J, Bencina, D & Dovc, P 2015, 'Transcriptomic response of goat mammary epithelial cells to Mycoplasma agalactiae challenge – a preliminary study', Animal Science Papers and Reports, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 155-163. <http://www.ighz.edu.pl/files/objects/7556/66/str_155-164.pdf>

Moeller Joensson, I, Hagstroem, S, Rittig, CS , Bower, W , Djurhuus, JC & Krogh, K 2015, 'Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Increases Rectal Activity in Children', Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 80-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000802

Fabian, L 2015, Transdisciplinært samarbejde omkring designundervisning. in PS Jørgensen & L Rienecker (eds), Universitetetspædagogiske praksisser. Samfundslitteratur, Frederiksberg, pp. 85-100.

Blevis, E, Koskinen, IK, Lee, K-P, Bødker, S, Chen, L-L, Lim, Y, Wei, H & Wakkary, R 2015, Transdisciplinary Interaction Design in Design Education. in B Begole & J Kim (eds), Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 833-838, ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 18/04/2015. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702613.2724726

Wahlgren, B 2015, Transfer in adult and further training: twelve factors to ensure you apply what you learn. Nationalt Center for Kompetenceudvikling, København. <http://ec.europa.eu/epale/en/search/site/wahlgren>

Jensen, UT 2015, 'Transformational Leadership, Perceived Societal Impact, and Person-Organization Value Fit: Field Experimental Evidence', Paper presented at Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management Conference, Miami, United States, 12/11/2015 - 14/11/2015.

Christoffersen, EE 2015, 'Transformation og teaterfællesskaber', Peripeti. <http://www.peripeti.dk/category/essay-om-teater/>

Otto, T 2015, 'Transformations of cultural heritage in Melanesia: from kastam to kalsa', International Journal of Heritage Studies, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 117-132. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2014.914559

Mortensen, PB & Loftis, M 2015, 'Transformative Policy Change', Paper presented at The 73rd annual MPSA Conference, Chicago, United States, 16/04/2015 - 19/04/2015.

Jørgensen, C , Friis, OU & Koch, C 2015, 'Transforming capabilities in offshoring processes longitudinal development of organizational resources and routines in four danish offshoring enterprises', Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 53-75. https://doi.org/10.1108/SO-12-2014-0031

Sørensen, CS 2015, 'Transforming growth factor beta-induced protein: Clues into the disease mechanisms of corneal dystrophies'.

Alstrup, AKO 2015, Transgene forsøgsdyr – dyremodeller og indsigt i genernes funktioner. <http://videnskab.dk/blog/transgene-forsogsdyr-dyremodeller-og-indsigt-i-genernes-funktioner>

Li, F, Li, Y, Liu, H, Zhang, X, Liu, C, Tian, K, Bolund, L, Dou, H, Yang, W, Yang, H, Staunstrup, NH & Du, Y 2015, 'Transgenic Wuzhishan minipigs designed to express a dominant-negative porcine growth hormone receptor display small stature and a perturbed insulin/IGF-1 pathway', Transgenic Research, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 1029-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-015-9912-6

Ivanovs, J & Mandjes, M 2015, 'Transient analysis of a stationary Lévy-driven queue', Statistics & Probability Letters, vol. 107, pp. 341-347.

Barari, A, Bayat, M, Meysam, S, Ibsen, LB & Andersen, LV 2015, 'Transient Analysis of Monopile Foundations Partially Embedded in Liquefied Soil', Geomechanics and Engineering, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 257-282. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.8.2.257

Buhl, H 2015, Transistoren. in H Kragh & KH Nielsen (eds), 50 opfindelser: Højdepunkter i teknologien. 1. edn, Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus, 50 højdepunkter, vol. 3., pp. 274-279.

Buhl, H 2015, 'Transistorradioen – øjenåbner og løftestang', Aktuel Naturvidenskab, vol. 2015, no. 3, pp. 30-34. <http://aktuelnaturvidenskab.dk/fileadmin/Aktuel_Naturvidenskab/nr-3/AN3-2015transistor.pdf>

Theil, PK 2015, Transition feeding of sows. in C Farmer (ed.), The gestating and lactating sow. Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp. 147-172. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-803-2_7

Broström, S 2015, 'Transition from kindergarten to school', Teachers' Hub, pp. 1-10. <http://www.teachershubmag.com/transition-from-kindergarten-to-school.html>

Westergaard, A, Hansen, B, Klosterman, S, Pedersen, SH , Schmidt, NM, Abermann, J & Lund, M 2015, 'Transitions in High-Arctic Vegetation Growth Patterns and Ecosystem Productivity from 2000-2013 Tracked with Cameras', AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, United States, 14/12/2015 - 18/12/2015.

Degn, L 2015, 'Translating Governance Ideas in Danish Higher Education', Higher Education Policy, vol. 2015, no. 28, pp. 295-313. https://doi.org/10.1057/hep.2014.12

Ledderer, L & Nissen, N 2015, 'Translating Patient Experiences into Clinical Practice: An Example of ‘Patient involvement’ from Psychosocial Cancer Rehabilitation in Denmark', Conjunctions : transdisciplinary journal of cultural participation, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 137-153. <http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/tjcp.v2i2.22924>

Ledderer, L & Nissen, N 2015, 'Translating Patient Involvement into Clinical Practice: An Example from Psychosocial Cancer Rehabilitation in Denmark', Qualitative Health Research Conference, Toronto, Canada, 19/10/2015 - 21/10/2015.

Rocha, RSS & Wigan, D 2015, Translating Private Equity in Denmark: The Impact of the TDC Buy-out on the Danish Private Equity Industry. in PH Andersen, H Kragh, J Lauring & MS Linneberg (eds), Preparing for the Unexpected: Design of the Future Global Enterprise. 1 edn, Djøf Forlag, pp. 137-157.

Edgeman, R , Eskildsen, JK & Neely, A 2015, 'Translating Triple Top Line Strategy into Triple Bottom Line Performance', Measuring Business Excellence, vol. 19, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.1108/MBE-12-2014-0054

Beatini, V 2015, 'Translational method for designing folded plate structures', International Journal of Space Structures, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 85-98. https://doi.org/10.1260/0266-3511.30.2.85

De Souza Crippa, JA, Guimarães, FS & Joca, S 2015, 'Translational neuroscience: Narrowing distances for future discoveries', CNS and Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 962. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871527314999150909115443

Kullmann, FA, Birder, LA & Andersson, K-E 2015, 'Translational Research and Functional Changes in Voiding Function in Older Adults', Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 535–548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2015.06.001

Bille, J, Bille-Hasselstrøm, C & Petersen, CG 2015, 'Translation and validation of the Stop-Bang Questionnaire for obstructive sleep apnoea into Danish', Danish Medical Journal, vol. 62, no. 12, pp. 1762-1763. <https://ugeskriftet.dk/dmj/translation-and-validation-stop-bang-questionnaire-obstructive-sleep-apnoea-danish>

Flanagan, M 2015, 'Translation Crowdsourcing: a brief beginner's guide', EST Newsletter, no. 47, pp. 20-21.

Enemark, HL, Johansen, MV, Boes, J & Alban, L 2015, Transmission dynamics of foodborne parasites in pork (pig and wild boar). in Foodborne parasites: occurrence and control in the food supply web. 1 edn, Woodhead Publishing.

Tolliver, SC, Lyons, ET, Nielsen, MK & Bellaw, JL 2015, 'Transmission of some species of internal parasites in horse foals born in 2013 in the same pasture on a farm in Central Kentucky', Helminthologia (Poland), vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 211-218. https://doi.org/10.1515/helmin-2015-0035

Mallonn, M, von Essen, C, Weingrill, J, Strassmeier, KG, Ribas, I, Carroll, TA, Herrero, E, Granzer, T, Claret, A & Schwope, A 2015, 'Transmission spectroscopy of the inflated exo-Saturn HAT-P-19b', Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A), vol. 580, A60. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201423778

Olsen, TV & Horst, C 2015, 'Transnational citizens and cosmopolitan citizens: same, same or different?', Paper presented at Dansk Selskab for Statskundskabs Årsmøde, Kolding, Denmark, 29/10/2015 - 30/10/2015.

Valentin, K 2015, 'Transnational education and the remaking of social identity: Nepalese student migration to Denmark', Identities - Global Studies in Culture and Power, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 318-332. https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2014.939186

Rittenhofer, I, Mikos, L, Chalaby, J & Kaptan, Y 2015, 'Transnationalisation in television. EURAM 2016 Developing Working Group'. <http://www.euram-online.org/programme2016/tracks-symposia-dwg/dwg.html>

Perez, L, Trüeb, S, Cowie, H, Keuken, MP, Mudu, P, Ragettli, MS, Sarigiannis, DA, Tobollik, M, Tuomisto, J, Vienneau, D, Sabel, C & Künzli, N 2015, 'Transport-related measures to mitigate climate change in Basel, Switzerland', Environment International, vol. 85, pp. 111-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.08.002

Eriksson, LSE, Lindqvist, PG, Flöter Rådestad, A, Dueholm, M, Fischerova, D, Franchi, D, Jokubkiene, L, Leone, FP, Savelli, L, Sladkevicius, P, Testa, AC, Van den Bosch, T, Ameye, L & Epstein, E 2015, 'Transvaginal ultrasound assessment of myometrial and cervical stromal invasion in women with endometrial cancer: interobserver reproducibility among ultrasound experts and gynecologists', Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 476-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.14645

Abass, A, Hayes, S, White, N, Sorensen, T & Meek, KM 2015, 'Transverse depth-dependent changes in corneal collagen lamellar orientation and distribution', Journal of the Royal Society. Interface, vol. 12, no. 104, pp. 20140717. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0717

Cornett, AP, Naveed, A & Sørensen, NK 2015, ‘Trapped in the middle’? Long and short run trends for intermediate city regions in Europe. in I Bernhard (ed.), Regional Development in an International Context. Regional, National, Cross Border and International Factors of Growth and Development: Proceedings of the 18th Uddevalla Symposium 11-13 June 2015 in Sønderborg, Reports 2015:2. University West, Trollhättan, Reports, no. 2, vol. 2015, pp. 195-215.

Gradus, JL, Antonsen, S , Svensson, E , Lash, TL, Resick, PA & Hansen, JG 2015, 'Trauma, Comorbidity, and Mortality Following Diagnoses of Severe Stress and Adjustment Disorders: A Nationwide Cohort Study', American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 182, no. 5, pp. 451-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv066

Hagen, EM & Hansen, RBM 2015, 'Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury and 24-hour blood pressure profile during primary rehabilitation'.

Rittenhofer, I & Esser, A 2015, 'Travelling tv drama series: Exporting 'national' productions?', Media Business Landscapes, Lisbon, Portugal, 19/03/2015 - 20/03/2015.

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