Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Hermanin De Reichenfeld, G 2025, 'Augustine on Embryology and Human Procreation: Theological and Physiological Context', Vigiliae Christianae, vol. 79, no. 4, pp. 387-417. https://doi.org/10.1163/15700720-bja10107

Hermanin De Reichenfeld, G 2025, 'Augustine’s Interpretation of Homoousios: The Role of the Arian Controversy in His Trinitarian Theology', Augustinianum, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 99-124. https://doi.org/10.5840/agstm20256515

Yang, Y, Guan, K, Peng, B, Feng, X, Xu, X, Pan, M, Sloan, BP, Zhang, J, Zhou, W, Li, L, Sivapalan, M, Ainsworth, EA, Novick, KA, Yang, ZL & Wang, S 2025, 'A Unified Framework to Reconcile Different Approaches of Modeling Transpiration Response to Water Stress: Plant Hydraulics, Supply Demand Balance, and Empirical Soil Water Stress Function', Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 17, no. 4, e2023MS003911. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003911

Madsen, TMN , Fredenslund, TT, Strømgaard, AL & Nielsen, AH 2025, 'A Uniform Approach to Nursing Documentation: Ensuring Patient-Centered and Efficient Care in Preparing Surgical Patients  ', ICPAN - International Conference for PeriAnaesthesia Nurses (2025) i Dublin , Dublin, Ireland, 10/09/2025 - 12/09/2025.

Madsen, TMN , Fredenslund, TT, Strømgaard, AL & Nielsen, AH 2025, 'A Uniform Approach to Nursing Documentation: Ensuring Patient-Centered and Efficient Care in Preparing Surgical Patients', NOKIAS 2025 København , København, Denmark, 01/10/2025 - 03/10/2025.

Shumar, W & Smedegaard Ernst Bengtsen, S 2025, 'A University of Critical Importance', Philosophy and Theory of Higher Education Conference , Dublin, Ireland, 10/06/2025 - 12/06/2025.

Bonfigli, AR, Gagliardi, C, Harbo, M, Cicconi, D, Sarah Scaglioni, J, Heuer, N, Roos, A, Pedersen, CF, Fabbietti, P & D’Ambrosio, F 2025, 'A Usability Study of the PRECISE Project's Smartphone Application for Remote Rehabilitation to Reduce Fall Risk', JMIR Aging.

Beasley, A, Abbas, G, Hughes, K, El-Hage, C, Jacobson, C, Bauquier, J, Wilkes, E, Carrigan, P, Cudmore, L, Hurley, J, Beveridge, I, Nielsen, M & Jabbar, A 2025, 'Australian guidelines for equine internal parasite management', Australian Veterinary Journal, vol. 103, no. 4, pp. 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13424

Chen, L, Khatri, PK, Paolini, M, Nardin, T, Roncone, A, Larcher, R, Ziller, L & Bontempo, L 2025, 'Authentic Aroma and Compound-Specific Isotope Ratios (δ¹³C, δ²H) Profiles of Vanilla Pods (V. planifolia and V. tahitensis)', Molecules, vol. 30, no. 4, 825. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30040825

Birke, D 2025, Authorial Narration Reconsidered: Eliza Haywood's Betsy Thoughtless, Anonymous' Charlotte Summers, and the Problem of Authority in the Mid-Eighteenth-Century Novel. in Narrative Concepts in the Study of Eighteenth-Century Literature. Taylor and Francis Group, pp. 161-176. https://doi.org/10.5117/9789089648747_CH06

Buhl, MSA, Jaensch, C & Madsen, AH 2025, 'Author's reply: Enhanced recovery after surgery and intestinal obstruction: A scoping review', World Journal of Surgery, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 297. https://doi.org/10.1002/wjs.12406

Exposto, CR 2025, 'Author's Reply to the Comment by Anjum et al.', European Journal of Pain, vol. 29, no. 6, e70037. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.70037

Exposto, CR 2025, 'Author's Reply to the Comment by Meira E Cruz M', European Journal of Pain, vol. 29, no. 6, e70036. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.70036

GH Research Society 2025, 'Authors' reply to the letter "Should children born small for gestational age without catch-up growth be tested for growth hormone deficiency?"', Pituitary, vol. 28, no. 6, 113, pp. 113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-025-01589-y

Ramsbøl, AT 2025, 'Autism, Family Life, and Coming of Age - The Art of Living with Difference', PhD, Aarhus University.

Troldborg, A , Deleuran, B, Johnsen, L, Erikstrup, C & DBDS Genomic Consortium 2025, 'Autoantibody-defined subsets of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus associate with clinical manifestations, NCF2, and HLA DR3-DQ2 genotypes', Translational Research, vol. 284, pp. 29-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2025.11.001

Camia, C & Bohn, A (eds) 2025, Autobiographical Memory and the Life Story: New Perspectives on Narrative Identity. Cambridge University Press.

Gantzel, RHB, Naustdal, C, Villadsen, GE , Rex, KF , Grønbæk, H & Pedersen, ML 2025, 'Autoimmune liver diseases in Greenland', NUNAMED, Nuuk, Greenland, 03/10/2025 - 05/10/2025. <https://conference.nunamed.org/sqrrw8/frontend/reg/absViewDocumentFE.csp?documentID=33&eventID=2>

Sahlertz, M , Kristensen, L , Sørensen, BS , Poulsen, PR , Asonganyi, FC , Sinha, P & Nijkamp, J 2025, 'Automated acute skin toxicity scoring in a mouse model through deep learning', Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, vol. 64, no. 1, 100107, pp. 45-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-024-01096-x

Højlund, SA, Mandrup, JB, Nielsen, PS , Georgsen, JB & Steiniche, T 2025, 'Automated annotation of virtual dual stains to generate convolutional neural network for detecting cancer metastases in H&E-stained lymph nodes', Pathology Research and Practice, vol. 270, 155977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2025.155977

Afrough, A , Pérez-Mendigorri, M & Vosegaard, T 2025, 'Automated Data Processing Workflows for Non-Expert Users of NMR Facilities', Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, vol. 63, no. 8, pp. 604-612. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.5540

Bagchi, C, Medina, J, Irschick, DJ, Maji, S & Christiansen, F 2025, 'Automated extraction of right whale morphometric data from drone aerial photographs', Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 438-453. https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.70001

Kristensen, DT , El-Galaly, TC & Roug, AS 2025, 'Automated risk stratification in myelofibrosis', ESMO Real World Data and Digital Oncology, vol. 10, 100654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmorw.2025.100654

Eschen, CK, Banasik, K, Dahl, AB, Chmura, PJ, Bruun-Rasmussen, P, Pedersen, F, Køber, L, Engstrøm, T, Bøttcher, M , Winther, S, Christensen, AH, Bundgaard, H & Brunak, S 2025, 'Automated stenosis estimation of coronary angiographies using end-to-end learning', International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging, vol. 41, no. 3, 105819, pp. 441-452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-025-03324-x

Hardin, D, Amundson, I, Babar, J, Cofer, D, Hasan, S, Hoech, K, Belt, J, Hatcliff, J, Robby, & Hallerstede, S 2025, Automated SysML v2 System Model to Memory-Safe Language Code Generation for Avionics Applications. in DASC 2025 - Digital Avionics Systems Conference, Conference Proceedings. IEEE, AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference - Proceedings, 44th AIAA DATC/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference, DASC 2025, Montreal, Canada, 14/09/2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC66011.2025.11257170

Zhong, Z , Larsen, SS-Y, Guo, H, Tang, T, Zhou, K & Mottin, D 2025 'Automatic Annotation Augmentation Boosts Translation between Molecules and Natural Language'.

Zhong, Z , Larsen, SS-Y, Guo, H, Tang, T, Zhou, K & Mottin, D 2025, Automatic Annotation Augmentation Boosts Translation between Molecules and Natural Language. in L Chiruzzo, A Ritter & L Wang (eds), 2025 Annual Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference Findings, NAACL 2025. Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 6192-6209. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-naacl.345

Pedersen, EM , Steinbach, J , Pedersen, CB, Schork, AJ, Krebs, MD, Vilhjálmsson, BJ & Privé, F 2025, 'Automatic detection of n-degree family members', Frontiers in Genetics, vol. 16, 1708315. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2025.1708315

Elmqvist, N & Klokmose, CN 2025, 'Automating the Path: An R&D Agenda for Human-Centered AI and Visualization', IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 73-81. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2025.3559374

Andersen, LK 2025, Automatiseret oversættelse som kontekst for tværsproglig opmærksomhed. in S Bastholm Rørdam & M Vedsgaard Christensen (eds), Kontekstualiseret grammatikundervisning i praksis. KvaN, Aarhus, pp. 232-247.

Bender, M 2025, 'Automatisierte Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache im Kontext von KI-Modellen: Transformer-Architektur als Grundbaustein großer Sprachmodelle', KIR - Künstliche Intelligenz und Recht: Technik, Politik, Gesellschaft, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 3-8. <https://beck-online.beck.de/Default.aspx?typ=reference&y=300&z=KIR&b=2025&s=3&n=1>

Gormsen, L , Mølgaard, H, Dantoft, TM, Bjerregaard, AA, Fink, P & Petersen, MW 2025, 'Autonomic arousal and heart rate variability in functional somatic disorder - a cross-sectional population-based study', Journal of Psychosomatic Research, vol. 196, 112193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2025.112193

Miron, G, Halimeh, M, Jeppesen, J, Loddenkemper, T & Meisel, C 2025, 'Autonomic biosignals, seizure detection, and forecasting', Epilepsia, vol. 66, no. S3, pp. 25-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.18034

Jungersen, RC , Hvid, LG , Overgaard, K & Dalgas, U 2025, 'Autonomic, pulmonary and cardiovascular function at rest and during physical exercise in people with multiple sclerosis - a systematic review and meta-analysis', Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, vol. 100, 106536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2025.106536

Amer, AHKSA 2025, 'Autonomous Marine Robots Optimal Control and Path Planning with Data-Driven Models', PhD, Aarhus University.

Panov, I 2025, 'Autonomous UAV Operations in U-space: Information Provision, Safe Separation with Uncooperative Drone, and 4-D Trajectory Planning', PhD, Aarhus University. <https://btech.au.dk/fileadmin/AU_Herning/Pdf/Ph.d.-afhandlinger/PhD_dissertation_Ivan_Panov.pdf>

Wadsholt, TK 2025, Autonomy, authority and engagement with the gaze of the Other in knowledge encounters in the internationalized university. in H Tange & L Wilken (eds), International Higher Education as Social Practice. Routledge.

Münz, C, Campbell, GR, Esclatine, A, Faure, M, Labonte, P, Lussignol, M, Orvedahl, A, Altan-Bonnet, N, Bartenschlager, R, Beale, R, Cirone, M, Espert, L, Jung, J, Leib, D, Reggiori, F, Sanyal, S, Spector, SA, Thiel, V, Viret, C, Wei, Y, Wileman, T & Wodrich, H 2025, 'Autophagy machinery as exploited by viruses', Autophagy Reports, vol. 4, no. 1, 2464986. https://doi.org/10.1080/27694127.2025.2464986

Christensen, MR, Larsen, AB & Boel, LWT 2025, 'Autopsy characteristics of deaths due to pulmonary thromboembolism in northern and western denmark: a 10-year retrospective study', Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 640-646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-024-00922-4

Gøtzsche-Astrup, O 2025, Autoritarianisme. in M Thygesen & C Kehlet Ebbrecht (eds), Radikalisering og ekstremisme: Samfundsfaglige og psykologiske perspektiver. Systime, Frederikshavn, pp. 83-92.

Holm, C 2025, 'Autoritetsglædens genkomst?', Asterisk (magasin), no. 111. <https://dpu.au.dk/asterisk/leder-111>

Sørensen, EF 2025, 'Autosomal and X-chromosomal analysis of admixture and diversity patterns show extensive selection against admixture, as well as depletion of diversity on chromosome X', PhD, Aarhus University.

Møberg, KD & Malmmose, M 2025, 'A value-based healthcare approach: Patchy institutionalized logics infusing managers’ VBHC perceptions', Financial Accountability & Management, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 19-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/faam.12402

Zheng, Y , Weye, N, Aburto, JM, Permanyer, I & Plana-Ripoll, O 2025, 'Average lifespan variation among people with mental disorders in Denmark: a nationwide, register-based cohort study', Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, vol. 53, no. 3, 14034948241241554. https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241241554

Siddiqui, KM, Strojecka, H, Meyland, TH, Khatiwada, N, Klinkby, N , Pérez-Salinas, D & Wall, SE 2025, 'A versatile setup for symmetry-resolved ultrafast dynamics of quantum materials', Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 96, no. 10, 103903. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0279973

Berntorp, K, Mohammad, MA, Koul, S, Yndigegn, T, Fröbert, O, Myredal, A, Persson, J, Erlinge, D & Götberg, M 2025, 'A Vessel-Specific Analysis of Deferred Lesions Using the Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve', Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, vol. 4, no. 9, 103823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscai.2025.103823

Wellard, CJ, Weger, M, Gachon, FBM & Buchanan, KL 2025, 'Avian circadian clock genes: ontogeny and role for adaptive programming in avian embryos', Frontiers in Physiology, vol. 16, 1586580. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1586580

Nielsen, HM , Kargo, M & Jørgensen, L 2025, Avl tilpasset økologiske produktionssystemer og forbrugerpræferencer. in Program Økologikongres 2025. Økologikongres 2025, 18/11/2025.

Engberg, J & Cederfeldt, JBM 2025, 'Avslutade och pågående danska projekt', Patristica Nordica Annuaria, pp. 15-16.

STANISIC, NIKOLA, SARACUTU, OVIDIUIONUT, COLONNA, ANNA, WU, WENDY, MANFREDINI, DANIELE & HÄGGMAN-HENRIKSON, BIRGITTA 2025, 'AWAKE BRUXISM PREVALENCE ACROSS POPULATIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS', Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice, vol. 25, no. 3, 102171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebdp.2025.102171

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Lise Refstrup Linnebjerg Pedersen