Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Wang, J, Dong, S, Ashour, A, Wang, X & Han, B 2019, 'Dynamic mechanical properties of cementitious composites with carbon nanotubes.', Materials Today Communications, vol. 22, 100722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2019.100722

Chu, M, Si, G, Zhang, X & Li, H 2019, Dynamic Modeling of a Planar Parallel Robot Manipulator Using the Discrete Time Transfer Matrix Method. in 15th International Conference on Multibody Systems, Nonlinear Dynamics, and Control. vol. 6, DETC2019-98333, V006T09A019, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC-CIE), Anaheim, California, United States, 18/08/2019. https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2019-98333

Dyrnesli, H , Klös, G , Miola, M & Sutherland, DS 2019, 'Dynamic Modulation of Plasmonic Structures', Journal of Self-Assembly and Molecular Electronics, vol. 7, no. 1, 1, pp. 1-22. https://doi.org/10.13052/jsame2245-4551.7.001

Ou, Z, Song, C, Zhu, C & Yang, X 2019, 'Dynamic Response Analysis for NW Planetary Gear Transmission Used in Electric Wheel Hub', IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 111879 - 111889. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2931292

Khaembah, EN, Cichota, R, Zyskowski, R & Vogeler, I 2019, Dynamic simulation of crop rotations to evaluate the impact of different nitrogen management strategies on water quality in southland, New Zealand. in S Elsawah (ed.), 23rd International Congress on Modelling and Simulation - Supporting Evidence-Based Decision Making: The Role of Modelling and Simulation, MODSIM 2019. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand Inc. (MSSANZ), pp. 386-392, 23rd International Congress on Modelling and Simulation - Supporting Evidence-Based Decision Making: The Role of Modelling and Simulation, MODSIM 2019, Canberra, Australia, 01/12/2019.

Zhang, R, Mirzaei, PA & Jones, BM 2019, 'Dynamic simulation of cross-ventilated buildings with night-flush cooling in neighbourhood environment using integrated CFD-CFD-BES strategy', IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 609, no. 7, 072023. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/609/7/072023

Gavezzotti, A & Lo Presti, L 2019, 'Dynamic simulation of liquid molecular nanoclusters: structure, stability and quantification of internal (pseudo)symmetries', New Journal of Chemistry, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 2077-2084. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nj05825c

Schmidt, LS, Adalgeirsdottir, G, Palsson, F, Langen, PL, Gudmundsson, S & Bjornsson, H 2019, 'Dynamic simulations of Vatnajökull ice cap from 1980 to 2300', Journal of Glaciology, vol. 66, no. 255, pp. 97-112. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.90

Barfknecht, RE 2019, 'Dynamics in strongly interacting one-dimensional quantum systems'.

Gode, HE 2019, 'Dynamics of Employee Ideation on Internal Social Media from a Communication Perspective', Aarhus.

Jing, Q & Madsen, LB 2019, 'Dynamics of interatomic Coulombic decay in neon dimers by XUV-pump-XUV-probe spectroscopy', Physical Review A, vol. 99, 013409. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.99.013409

Barfknecht, RE, Foerster, A & Zinner, NT 2019, 'Dynamics of spin and density fluctuations in strongly interacting few-body systems', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 15994. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52392-2

Sugiyama, Y, Langthjem, MA & Katayama, K 2019, Dynamic Stability of Columns under Non-conservative Forces: Theory and Experiment. Solid Mechanics and its Applications, vol. 255, Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00572-6

Bucinskas, P & Andersen, LV 2019, Dynamic structure response using surrogate models. in A Zingoni (ed.), Advances in Engineering Materials, Structures and Systems: Innovations, Mechanics and Applications - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, 2019. CRC Press, London, pp. 109-114, 7th International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, Cape Town, South Africa, 02/09/2019. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429426506

Schubert, JJ, Veronese, M, Marchitelli, L, Bodini, B, Tonietto, M, Stankoff, B, Brooks, DJ, Bertoldo, A, Edison, P & Turkheimer, FE 2019, 'Dynamic ¹¹C-PIB PET shows cerebrospinal fluid flow alterations in Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis', Journal of Nuclear Medicine, vol. 60, no. 10, pp. 1452-1460. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.118.223834

Bentsen, NS, Jørgensen, JR, Stupak, I, Jørgensen, U & Taghizadeh-Toosi, A 2019, 'Dynamic sustainability assessment of heat and electricity production based on agricultural crop residues in Denmark', Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 213, pp. 491-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.194

Kveiborg, J 2019, Dyreknogler. in M Løvschal, RB Iversen & MK Holst (eds), De dræbte krigere i Alken Enge: Efterkrigsritualer i ældre jernalder. Jysk Arkæologisk Selskab, Højbjerg, pp. 105-122.

Jensen, NB & Kjær, KH 2019, Dyrkning af cannabis til medicinsk brug. [s.n.], S.l. <https://materialeplatform.emu.dk/materialer/bogkort/126466226>

Alstrup, AKO 2019, 'Dyrlæge Thomas Bertelsen er modtager af årets 3R-pris', Dansk Veterinærtidsskrift, vol. 13, pp. 40.

Bakshaie Philipsen, B, Mortensen, HR & Melgaard, D 2019, 'Dysfagi', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 181, V09180594. <https://ugeskriftet.dk/files/scientific_article_files/2019-02/v09180594_0.pdf>

Pararajasingam, G, Løgstrup, BB, Høfsten, DE, Christophersen, TB, Auscher, S, Hangaard, J & Egstrup, K 2019, 'Dysglycemia and increased left ventricle mass in normotensive patients admitted with a first myocardial infarction: Prognostic implications of dysglycemia during 14 years of follow-up', BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, vol. 19, no. 1, 103. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-019-1084-5

Ardalan, M, Svedin, P, Baburamani, AA, Supramaniam, VG, Ek, J, Hagberg, H & Mallard, C 2019, 'Dysmaturation of Somatostatin Interneurons Following Umbilical Cord Occlusion in Preterm Fetal Sheep', Frontiers in Physiology, vol. 10, 563. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00563

Abild Jespersen, B, Høst, DL, Weibull, AS & Neergaard, MA 2019, 'Dyspnø og hoste hos patienter i et palliativt forløb', Månedsskrift for Almen Praksis, vol. 2019, no. Februar, pp. 85-91.

Løkkegaard, A & Danielsen, EH 2019, 'Dystoni', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 181, V06180403. <https://ugeskriftet.dk/files/scientific_article_files/2019-05/v06180403_0.pdf>

Skyggebjerg, AK 2019, 'Dystopiske dyrefortællinger: Forfatteren og illustratoren Shaun Tan lader snegle, rovfugle og grise tage kontrollen over storbyen og dens mennesker', Weekendavisen, vol. Bøger, pp. 6-7.

Kappel, SL, Makeig, S & Kidmose, P 2019, 'Ear-EEG Forward Models: Improved Head-Models for Ear-EEG', Frontiers in Neuroscience, vol. 13, 943, pp. 943. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00943

Kornerup, LS , Hvas, CL , Abild, CB , Richelsen, B & Nexo, E 2019, 'Early changes in vitamin B12 uptake and biomarker status following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy', Clinical Nutrition, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 906-911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.007

Sommer, D 2019, Early Childhood Education (ECE) in the Nordic Countries: Universal Challenges to the Danish Model: Towards A Future ECE Paradigm. in S Garvis, H Harju-Luukkainen, S Sheridan & P Williams (eds), Nordic Families, Children and Early Childhood Education. Palgrave Macmillan, Studies in Childhood and Youth, pp. 193-212.

Haldrup, M , Schwartz, OS , Kasch, H & Rasmussen, MM 2019, 'Early decompressive surgery in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury improves neurological outcome', Acta Neurochirurgica, vol. 161, no. 10, pp. 2223-2228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-019-04031-y

Christensen, E , Birkenkamp-Demtröder, K, Sethi, H, Shchegrova, S, Salari, R, Nordentoft, I, Wu, H-T, Knudsen, M , Lamy, P , Lindskrog, SV , Taber, A, Balcioglu, M, Vang, S, Assaf, Z, Sharma, S, Tin, AS, Srinivasan, R, Hafez, D, Reinert, T, Navarro, S, Olson, A, Ram, R, Dashner, S, Rabinowitz, M, Billings, P, Sigurjonsson, S, Andersen, CL, Swenerton, R, Aleshin, A, Zimmermann, B, Agerbæk, M, Lin, C-HJ, Jensen, JB & Dyrskjøt, L 2019, 'Early Detection of Metastatic Relapse and Monitoring of Therapeutic Efficacy by Ultra-Deep Sequencing of Plasma Cell-Free DNA in Patients With Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma', Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 37, no. 18, pp. 1547-1557. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.18.02052

Oddershede, A, Violle, C, Baattrup-Pedersen, A , Svenning, J-C & Damgaard, CF 2019, 'Early dynamics in plant community trait responses to a novel, more extreme hydrological gradient', Journal of Plant Ecology, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 327–335. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rty028

Andersen, OE , Nielsen, OB & Overgaard, K 2019, 'Early effects of eccentric contractions on muscle glucose uptake', Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), vol. 126, no. 2, pp. 376-385. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00388.2018

Andelius, TCK, Davidson, JO, Drury, P, Wassink, G, Henriksen, TB, Gunn, AJ & Bennet, L 2019, 'Early epileptiform discharges are a marker of moderate asphyxia in near-term fetal sheep.', Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting 2019, 24/04/2019 - 01/05/2019.

Borregaard, B, Møller, JE, Dahl, JS, Riber, LPS, Berg, SK, Ekholm, O, Weiss, MG, Lykking, EK, Sibilitz, KL & Sørensen, J 2019, 'Early follow-up after open heart valve surgery reduces healthcare costs: a propensity matched study', Open Heart, vol. 6, no. 2, e001122, pp. e001122. https://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2019-001122

Huebner, AK, Maier, H, Maul, A, Nietzsche, S, Herrmann, T, Praetorius, J & Hübner, CA 2019, 'Early Hearing Loss upon Disruption of Slc4a10 in C57BL/6 Mice', Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 233-245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-019-00719-1

Lange, TH , Eijken, M, Baan, C, Petersen, MS , Bibby, BM , Jespersen, B & Møller, BK 2019, 'Early Immunological Effects of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: No Modulation by Ischemic Preconditioning in a Randomised Crossover Trial in Healthy Humans', International Journal of Molecular Sciences , vol. 20, no. 12, 2877. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20122877

Thastum, M 2019, 'Early intervention for impairing post-concussion symptoms'.

Højskov, IE, Moons, P, Egerod, I, Olsen, PS, Thygesen, LC, Hansen, NV, La Cour, S, Bech, KH, Borregaard, B, Gluud, C, Winkel, P, Lindschou, J & Kikkenborg Berg, S 2019, 'Early physical and psycho-educational rehabilitation in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting: A randomized controlled trial', Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 136-143. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2499

Nordquist, R, Riber, AB & Goerlich-Jansson, V 2019, 'Early rearing conditions in chicken: effects on cognition and stress response', European Poultry Science (EPS) / Archiv für Geflügelkunde, vol. 83. <https://www.european-poultry-science.com/Proceedings-of-the-Combined-Workshop-of-the-Incubation-and-Fertility-Research-Group-IFRGWPSA-Working-Group-6-and-the-Perinatal-Development-and-Fundamental-Physiology-Grou,QUlEPTYzMjMxMDImTUlEPTE2MTAxNA.html?UID=05CAFBE317EFBF801B376AF1B5645D8B472326D6DC6B2B>

Nordquist, R, Riber, AB & Goerlich-Jansson, V 2019, Early rearing conditions in chicken: effects on cognition and stress response. in Proceedings of the Combined Workshop of the Incubation and Fertility Research Group (IFRG/WPSA Working Group 6) and the Perinatal Development and Fundamental Physiology Group (PDP/WPSA Working Group 12) of the European Branches of the World’s Poultry Science Association. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Combined Workshop of Fundamental Physiology and Perinatal Development in Poultry and Incubation and Fertility Research Group, Tours, France, 28/08/2019. https://doi.org/10.1399/eps.2019.291

Malmkvist, J 2019, 'Early recognition of offspring vocalisation by mink mothers', Applied Animal Behaviour Science, vol. 212, pp. 109-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2018.12.011

Arnstad, ED, Rypdal, V, Peltoniemi, S, Herlin, T, Berntson, L, Fasth, A, Nielsen, S , Glerup, M, Ekelund, M, Zak, M, Aalto, K, Nordal, E, Romundstad, PR & Rygg, M 2019, 'Early self-reported pain in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is related to long-term outcomes. Results from the Nordic JIA cohort study', Arthritis Care & Research, vol. 71, no. 7, pp. 961-969. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.23715

Fuglsang, K 2019, 'Early stage cervical cancer: aspects of staging, treatment planning and surveillance', Aarhus.

Jørgensen, BKB , Gregersen, M & Damsgaard, EMS 2019, 'Early telerehabilitation of geriatric patients after discharge from acute care', 15th European Geriatric Medicine Society Congress , Krakow, Poland, 25/09/2019 - 27/09/2019.

Jia, P, Stein, A, James, P, Brownson, RC, Wu, T, Xiao, Q, Wang, L, Sabel, CE & Wang, Y 2019, 'Earth Observation: Investigating Noncommunicable Diseases from Space', Annual Review of Public Health, vol. 40, pp. 85-104. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-043807

Brogaard, L, Manser, T, Hvidman, L, Kierkegaard, O, Lindved, B, Johansen, A, Møller-Skudsbøl, IM & Uldbjerg, N 2019, 'Ease evaluation of the management of postpartum hemorrhage', 4th European Congress on Intrapartum Care, Turin, Italy, 14/03/2019 - 16/03/2019.

Clausen, P & Ahmed, R 2019, 'East Atlantic Light-bellied Brent Goose: status update 2018/19', GooseNews - The Newsletter of the WWTs Goose and Swan Monitoring Programme, no. 18, Autumn, pp. 24-25. <https://monitoring.wwt.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/GooseNews18_64low.pdf>

Hviid, SS, Thomsen, A-M & Kasch, H 2019, 'EAT-10 administered in SCI In-Patients. Can We Detect the Patients at Risk of Dysphagia?', The 58th International Spinal Cord Society Annual Scientific Meeting in Nice, France, Nice, France, 05/11/2019 - 07/11/2019.

Refskou, AS, de Amorim, MA & de Carvalho, VM (eds) 2019, Eating Shakespeare: Cultural Anthropophagy as Global Methodology. Bloomsbury Academic.

Tarbensen, ML 2019, Eat'n'read. Aarhus: Werks Grafiske.

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