Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Høyer, BB , Ramlau-Hansen, CH , Obel, C , Pedersen, HS, Hernik, A, Ogniev, V, Jönsson, BA, Lindh, CH, Rylander, L, Rignell-Hydbom, A, Bonde, JP & Toft, G 2015, 'Pregnancy serum concentrations of perfluorinated alkyl substances and offspring behaviour and motor development at age 5-9 years - a prospective study', Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-14-2

Hatch, EE, Hahn, KA, Mikkelsen, EM , Riis, AH , Sorensen, HT, Rothman, KJ & Wise, LA 2015, 'Pre-gravid oral contraceptive use in relation to birth weight: a prospective cohort study', European Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 1199-208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-015-0053-2

Chen, KHM, Henderson, VW, Stolwyk, RJ, Dennerstein, L & Szoeke, C 2015, 'Prehypertension in midlife is associated with worse cognition a decade later in middle-aged and older women', Age and Ageing, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 439-445. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afv026

Risager, BS 2015, 'Prekæritet og prekariat – Sociologisk diskussion og politisk aktivisme', Slagmark: tidsskrift for idéhistorie , vol. 71, pp. 45-60.

Stanquini, LA, Resstel, LBM, Corrêa, FMA, Joca, SRL & Scopinho, AA 2015, 'Prelimbic cortex 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors are involved in the hypophagic effects caused by fluoxetine in fasted rats', Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, vol. 136, pp. 31-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2015.06.011

Carr, A, Sonne, T , Kingo, OS & Krøjgaard, P 2015, 'Preliminary data: Are children better than adults at Concentration?', Symposium at Emory University, Atlanta, United States, 23/10/2015.

Styszko, K, Nosek, K, Motak, M & Bester, K 2015, 'Preliminary selection of clay minerals for the removal of pharmaceuticals, bisphenol A and triclosan in acidic and neutral aqueous solutions', Comptes Rendus Chimie, vol. 18, no. 10, 4095, pp. 1134-1142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2015.05.015

Grzeskowiak, LE, Morrison, JL, Henriksen, TB , Bech, BH , Obel, C, Olsen, J & Pedersen, LH 2015, 'Prenatal antidepressant exposure and child behavioural outcomes at 7 years of age: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort', B J O G. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.13611

Pedersen, LH 2015, 'Prenatal Antidepressant Exposure and Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders: Cause for Concern?', Paediatric Drugs, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40272-015-0141-5

Lund, ICB , Vestergaard, EM , Christensen, R , Uldbjerg, N & Becher, NH 2015, 'Prenatal diagnosis of Nager syndrome in a 12-week-old fetus with a whole gene deletion of SF3B4 by chromosomal microarray', European Journal of Medical Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.12.001

Smit, LAM, Lenters, V, Høyer, BB, Lindh, CH, Pedersen, HS, Liermontova, I, Jönsson, BAG, Piersma, AH, Bonde, JP , Toft, G, Vermeulen, R & Heederik, D 2015, 'Prenatal exposure to environmental chemical contaminants and asthma and eczema in school-age children', Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, pp. 653-660. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.12605

Plana-Ripoll, O , Liu, X , Momen, N , Parner, ET , Olsen, J & Li, J 2015, 'Prenatal exposure to maternal stress following bereavement and cardiovascular disease: A nationwide population-based and sibling-matched cohort study', Society for Epidemiologic Research, Denver, Colorado, United States, 16/06/2015 - 19/06/2015.

Plana-Ripoll, O , Olsen, J , Kesmodel, US , Parner, ET , Li, J & Basso, O 2015, 'Prenatal exposure to maternal stress following bereavement and later infertility: a population-based cohort study', Society for Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiologic Research, Denver, Colorado, United States, 15/06/2015 - 16/06/2015.

Mor, A , Kahlert, J , Holsteen, V, Jørgensen, S, Sørensen, HT , Pedersen, O & Ehrenstein, V 2015, 'Prenatal exposure to systemic antibacterials and overweight and obesity in danish schoolchildren: A prevalence study', International journal of obesity (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2015.129

Su, X , Xu, B , Liang, H , Olsen, J , Yuan, W, Cnattingius, S, László, KD & Li, J 2015, 'Prenatal maternal bereavement and risk of eating disorders in infants and toddlers: a population-based cohort study', BMC Psychiatry, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 229. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0612-9

Andersson, NW, Hansen, MV, Larsen, AD, Hougaard, KS, Kolstad, HA & Schlünssen, V 2015, 'Prenatal maternal stress and atopic diseases in the child: a systematic review of observational human studies', Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.12762

Hohwü, L , Zhu, JL , Graversen, L , Li, J, Sørensen, TIA & Obel, C 2015, 'Prenatal parental separation and body weight, including development of overweight and obesity later in childhood', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. e0119138. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119138

Lenters, V, Portengen, L, Rignell-Hydbom, A, Jönsson, BA, Lindh, CH, Piersma, AH, Toft, G , Bonde, JP, Heederik, D, Rylander, L & Vermeulen, R 2015, 'Prenatal Phthalate, Perfluoroalkyl Acid, and Organochlorine Exposures and Term Birth Weight in Three Birth Cohorts: Multi-Pollutant Models Based on Elastic Net Regression', Environmental Health Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408933

Liu, X , Olsen, J , Agerbo, E, Yuan, W, Sigsgaard, T & Li, J 2015, 'Prenatal stress and childhood asthma in the offspring: role of age at onset', European Journal of Public Health, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 1042-1046. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckv129

Jørgensen, CC, Jans, Kehlet, H & Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Fast-track Hip and Knee Replacement Collaborative Group 2015, 'Preoperative anaemia and newly diagnosed cancer 1 year after elective total hip and knee arthroplasty', Vox Sanguinis, vol. 109, no. 1, pp. 62-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.12255

Nielsen, R , Nikolajsen, L , Krøner, K , Mølgaard, H , Toft, LV , Jensen, TS & Terkelsen, AJ 2015, 'Pre-operative baroreflex sensitivity and efferent cardiac parasympathetic activity are correlated with post-operative pain', Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 475-485. https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.12457

Rolving, N, Søgaard, R , Nielsen, CV , Christensen, FB , Bünger, C & Østergaard, LG 2015, 'Preoperative cognitive-behavioural patient education versus standard care after lumbar spinal fusion: economic evaluation alongside a randomized controlled trial', Eurospine 2015, København, Denmark, 02/09/2015 - 04/09/2015.

Gribsholt, SB , Svensson, E , Thomsen, RW , Richelsen, B & Sørensen, HT 2015, 'Preoperative glucocorticoid use and risk of postoperative bleeding and infection after gastric bypass surgery for the treatment of obesity', Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1212-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soard.2015.01.017

Rai, MK, Shahi, G, Meena, V, Meena, R, Chakraborty, S, Rai, BN & Singh, RS 2015, Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from mango seed kernel for heavy metal removal from aqueous solution. in CHEMCON - 2015. INDIAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS 2015, Guwahati, India, 27/12/2015. <file:///C:/Users/au564491/Downloads/Adsorption_MKRai.pdf>

Nazari, P & Rahman Setayesh, S 2015, Preparation, characterization and catalytic application of polyoxometalate nanocatalyst. in 2nd National Congress and Workshops on Nanoscience & Nanotechnology. 2nd National Congress and Workshops on Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Teheran, Iran, Islamic Republic of, 01/01/2015.

Zou, X, Jin, Q, Guo, Z, Huang, J, Xu, X & Wang, X 2015, 'Preparation of 1, 3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol-rich structured lipids from basa catfish oil: Combination of fractionation and enzymatic acidolysis', European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, vol. 117. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201500226

Tarp, S 2015, 'Preparing an online dictionary of business communication: from idea to design', Lexikos, vol. 25, pp. 403-423. <http://lexikos.journals.ac.za/pub/article/view/1305/812>

Hundebøl, NR & Nielsen, KH 2015, 'Preparing for change: acid rain, climate change, and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), 1972–1990s', History and Technology, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 133-159. https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2015.1121577

Trolle, D , Nielsen, A , Thodsen, H , Andersen, HE , Lu, S , Blicher-Mathiesen, G , Bøgestrand, J & Jeppesen, E 2015, 'Preparing for the future: Simulating agricultural practices, hydrology and nutrient export under future climates', SWAT - International conference, Pula, Italy, 24/06/2015 - 26/06/2015.

Kragh, H , Andersen, PH & Lauring, J 2015, Preparing for the unexpected: Some tentative answers. in PH Andersen, H Kragh , J Lauring & MS Linneberg (eds), Preparing for the unexpected: Design of the future global enterprise. 1 edn, Djøf Forlag, pp. 255-271.

Andersen, PH, Kragh, H , Lauring, J & Linneberg, MS 2015, Preparing for the unexpected: Design of the future global enterprise. 1 edn, Djøf Forlag.

Andersen, PH & Lauring, J 2015, Preparing for the Unexpected: Design of the Future Global Enterprise. in PH Andersen, H Kragh , J Lauring & M S. Linneberg (eds), Preparing for the Unexpected: Design of the Future Global Enterprise. 1 edn, Djøf Forlag, pp. 7-20.

Hansen, PL 2015, 'Preparing giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) of complex lipid mixtures on demand: Mixing small unilamellar vesicles of compositionally heterogeneous mixtures', Biochimica et biophysica acta - Biomembranes, vol. 1848, no. 12, pp. 3175-3180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.09.020

Masoumi, D 2015, 'Preschool Teachers use of ICTs: Towards a typology of practice', Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1463949114566753

Broström, S, Sandberg, A, Johansson, I, Margetts, K, Nylande, B, Frøkjær, T, Kieferle, C, Seifert, A, Roth, A, Ugaste, A & Vrinioti, K 2015, 'Preschool teachers’ views on children's learning: an international perspective', Early Child Development and Care, vol. 185, no. 5, pp. 824-847. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2014.958483

Ottsen, CL & Berntsen, D 2015, 'Prescribed journeys through life: Cultural differences in mental time travel between Middle Easterners and Scandinavians', Consciousness and Cognition, vol. 37, pp. 180-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2015.09.007

Mor, A , Berencsi, K , Svensson, E , Rungby, J , Nielsen, JS, Friborg, S, Brandslund, I, Christiansen, JS, Vaag, A, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sørensen, HT & Thomsen, RW 2015, 'Prescribing practices and clinical predictors of glucose-lowering therapy within the first year in people with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes', Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.12819

Ladd-Acosta, C, Shu, C, Lee, BK, Gidaya, N, Singer, A, Schieve, LA, Schendel, D, Jones, N, Daniels, JL, Windham, GC, Newschaffer, CJ, Croen, LA, Feinberg, AP & Daniele Fallin, M 2015, 'Presence of an epigenetic signature of prenatal cigarette smoke exposure in childhood', Environmental Research, vol. 144, no. Part A, pp. 139-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2015.11.014

Tarp, S 2015, 'Presentación del Centro de Lexicografía de Aarhus', Estudios de Lexicografía, no. 4, pp. 5-14. <http://issuu.com/ldvp/docs/elex_4>

Fuertes-Olivera, PA & Tarp, S 2015, '(Presentación de) Manual de lexicografía especializada: La Construcción de Diccionarios de Internet', Estudios de Lexicografía, no. 4, pp. 227-234. <http://issuu.com/ldvp/docs/elex_4>

Funch, P, Obst, M, Quevedo, F, Intanai, I & Vestbo, S 2015, 'Present and future distributions of horseshoe crabs under predicted climate changes', The Third International Workshop on the Science and Conservation of Horseshoe Crabs, Nagasaki, Japan, 15/06/2015 - 21/06/2015.

Nüchel, J , Bøcher, PK & Svenning, J-C 2015, 'Present and potential distribution of Snub-nosed Monkey', International Biogeography Society: 7th Biennial Conference, Bayreuth, Germany, 08/01/2015 - 12/01/2015.

Birkelund, M & Norén, C 2015, 'Présentation', Synergies Pays Scandinaves, vol. 2014, no. 9, pp. 7-10.

Mejlgaard, N & Ravn, T 2015, Presentations at an international workshop: D.1.3.

Wahlström, H, Enemark, HL, Davidson, RK & Oksanen, A 2015, 'Present status, actions taken and future considerations due to the findings of E. multilocularis in two Scandinavian countries', Veterinary Parasitology, vol. 213, no. 3-4, pp. 172-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.07.037

Secher, N , Østergaard, L , Iversen, NK, Lambertsen, KL, Clausen, BH, Tønnesen, E & Granfeldt, A 2015, 'Preserved cerebral microcirculation after cardiac arrest in a rat model', Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994), vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 464-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/micc.12217

Nielsen, BL 2015, 'Pre-service teachers’ meaning-making when collaboratively analysing video from school practice for the bachelor project at college', European Journal of Teacher Education, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 341-357. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2014.983066

Schulz, H-J & Hadlak, S 2015, 'Preset-based generation and exploration of visualization designs', Journal of Visual Languages Computing, vol. 31 (Part A), pp. 9-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvlc.2015.09.004

Eikeland, E , Madsen, SR , Iversen, BB & Thomsen, M 2015, 'Pressure Induced Structural Collapse of the Hydroquinone – Formic Acid Clathrate: a pressure medium dependent non-linear phase transition. ', ECM:29th European Crystallography Meeting, Rovinj, Croatia, 24/08/2015 - 28/08/2015.

Eikeland, E 2015, 'Pressure Induced Structural Collapse of the Hydroquinone – Formic Acid Clathrate: a pressure medium dependent non-linear phase transition.', ECM:29th European Crystallography Meeting, Rovinj, Croatia, 24/08/2015 - 28/08/2015.

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