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Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Nørskov, V, Vaag, LE & Lund, J 2003, 'Pottery from the Maussolleion at Halikarnassos', Forum Archaeologia. Zeitschrift für Klassische Archaeologie 28/IX, pp. http://farch.net.
Raskin, R (ed.) 2003, P.O.V. - (Point of view) A Danish Journal of Film Studies. Nummer 15 og 16 edn, Institut for informations- og medievidenskab, Aarhus. <http://imv.au.dk/publikationer/pov/POV.html>
Christiansen, PM, Togeby, L, Andersen, JG, Vallgårda, S & Jørgensen, TB 2003, Power and Democracy in Denmark. Conclusions. Magtudredningen, Århus.
Møller, L 2003, 'Power and Masculinity: Atle Kittang: Ibsens Heroisme', Ibsen Studies, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 123-128.
Andersen, JU, Cederquist, H, Forster, JS, Huber, BA, Hvelplund, P, Jensen, J, Liu, B, Manil, B, Maunoury, L, Nielsen, SB, Pedersen, UV, Schmidt, HT, Tomita, S & Zettergren, H 2003, 'Power-law decay of collisionally excited amino acids and quenching by radiative cooling', The European Physical Journal D: Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics, vol. 25, pp. 139.
Egelund, N 2003, 'PPR og fremtidens specialpædagogiske indsats', Pædagogisk Psykologisk Tidsskrift, vol. 40, no. 4.
Callesen, H 2003, Practical use of modern embryo technologies in farm animals in Denmark. in Proc. 30. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Embryotransfer deutchsprachiger Länder. pp. 1, Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Embryotransfer deutchsprachiger Länder, Mariensee, Germany, 26/06/2003.
Van Tulder, M 2003, 'Practice guidelines and cost-effective medicine: The contribution of evidence', Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol. 62, pp. 16.
Christensen, EF & Høyer, CCS 2003, 'Præhospital endotrakeal intubation af kritisk tilskadekomne patienter', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 165, pp. 4299-4304.
Christensen, EF & Høyer, CCS 2003, 'Præhospital registrering af vitale parametre hos tilskadekomne patienter', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 165, pp. 4285-4287.
Jacobsen, B 2003, Pragmatics in Court Interpreting: Additions. in The Critical Link 3: Interpreters in the Community. John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. s. 223-238, Third International Conference on Interpreting in Legal, Health and Social Service Settings, Montréal, Québec, Canada, 22/05/2001.
Buhl, M, Skov, K & Christensen, KM 2003, Praktik set i lyset af billedkunstfaget. in Praktik: set i lyset af billedkunstfaget. 1 edn, Zahle Seminarium, Køebnhavn.
Jacobsen, EB 2003, 'Praktisk kundskab -en undersøgelse af nyansatte og erfarne sygeplejerskers kundskabsudvikling.', FINE -nordisk kongres for undervisende sygeplejersker, Bergen, Norway, 09/02/2003 - 11/02/2003.
Hilden, J, Jensen, BT, Carlsen, H, Moltke, A & Nielsen, CV 2003, Praktisk Socialmedicin. Månedsskriftets forlag, København.
Sanderson, H & Solomon, KR 2003, 'Precautionary Limits to Environmental Science Risk Management, and the Risk of Type III Errors', Journal of Transdisciplinary Environmental Science, vol. 2, pp. 4-7.
Christensen, AS, Møller, A & Schwartzbach, MI 2003, Precise Analysis of String Expressions. in Static Analysis: 10th International Symposium, SAS 2003 San Diego, CA, USA, June 11-13, 2003 Proceedings. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2694, pp. 1-18, Static Analysis International Symposium. SAS 2003, San Diego, California, United States, 11/06/2003. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44898-5_1
Sørensen, C, Berg, P & Woolliams, JA 2003, Precise predictions of rates of gain and inbreeding under index selection in hierarchical and factorial mating schemes. in Book of Abstracts. pp. 76, Annual Meeting EAAP, Rome, Italy, 31/08/2003.
Overgaard, J, Stecyk, J, Gesser, H, Wang, T, Gamperl, K & Farrell, AP 2003, Preconditioning stimuli do not benefit the heart of hypoxia-tolerant rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). in Comp. Biochem. Physiol.. pp. 17-17, Abstract of the Annual Main Meeting of the Society for Experimental Biology, 31 March-4 April, Southampton, UK, 17/12/2010.
Cavalcanti, ALC & Woodcock, J 2003, 'Predicate transformers in the semantics of Circus', IEE Proceedings - Software, vol. 2, no. 150. https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-sen:20030131
Skov, F & Svenning, J-C 2003, 'Predicting plant species richness in a managed forest', Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 180, pp. 583-593. <http://www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco>
Skov, F & Svenning, J-C 2003, 'Predicting plant species richness in a managed forest', Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 180, pp. 583-593.
van den Berg, F & Thybo, AK 2003, Predicting sensory potato texture quality using full uniaxial compression curves. in Annual Transaction of the Nordic Rheology Society, 11. pp. 137-140, Predicting sensory potato texture quality using full uniaxial compression curves, 18/12/2010.
Lund, P, Weisbjerg, MR & Hvelplund, T 2003, Prediction of faecal nitrogen excretion in dairy cows from intake of nitrogen and dry matter. in Proc. Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists 22nd Congress, July 1-4 2003, Turku, Finland. pp. 57-57, Prediction of faecal nitrogen excretion in dairy cows from intake of nitrogen and dry matter, 18/12/2010.
Morsing, S, Strøm, JS, Zhang, G & Jacobsen, L 2003, Prediction of indoor climate in pig houses. in 2nd int. Swine Housing conf., ASAE. ISBN 1-892769-33-6., 701P1303, pp. 41-47, Prediction of indoor climate in pig houses, 18/12/2010. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.15467
Broge, NH 2003, Prediction of soil organic matter (SOM) and clay content from reflectance data of different spectral resolutions. in A Werner & A Jarfe (eds), 4th European Conference on Precision Agriculture. pp. 371-372, Prediction of soil organic matter (SOM) and clay content from reflectance data of different spectral resolutions, Berlin, Germany, 18/12/2010.
Sakoh, M, Ohnishi, T, Østergaard, L & Gjedde, A 2003, Prediction of tissue survival after stroke based on changes in the apparent diffusion of water (cytotoxic edema). in T Kuroiwa, A Baethmann, Z Czernicki, JT Hoff, U Ito, Y Katayama, A Marmarou, BAD Mendelow & H-J Reulen (eds), Brain Edema XII: Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium, Hakone, Japan, November 10–13, 2002. vol. 86, Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement, pp. 137-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0651-8_29
Nissen, UB, Andersen, S (ed.), Reuter, L (ed.) & Nissen, UB (ed.) 2003, Preface. in The Sources of Public Morality - On the etics and religion debate. LIT Verlag, Münster, pp. v-xiii.
Kragh, H 2003, Preface. in AS Jacobsen & H Kragh (eds), H.C. Ørsted's Theory of Force: An Unpublished Textbook in Dynamical Chemistry. Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes selskab, København, pp. i-vi.
Stolba, V, Bilde, PG & Højte, JM 2003, Preface. in The Cauldron of Ariantas. Studies presented to A.N. Ščeglov on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus, pp. 7-9.
Stubager, R 2003, 'Preference-shaping: An Empirical Test', Political Studies, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 241-261.
Monget, P, Mazerbourg, S, Delpuech, T, Maurel, MC, Maniere, S, Zapf, J, Lalmanach, G, Oxvig, C & Overgaard, MT 2003, 'Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A is involved in insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) proteolytic degradation in bovine and porcine preovulatory follicles: identification of cleavage site and', Biology of Reproduction, vol. 68, pp. 77-86.
Jensen, DM, Damm, P, Sørensen, B, Mølsted-Pedersen, L, Westergaard, JG, Ovesen, P & Beck-Nielsen, H 2003, 'Pregnancy outcome and prepregnancy body mass index in 2459 glucose-tolerant Danish women', American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 189, no. 1, pp. 239-44.