Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Haberzettl, T, Daut, G, Schulze, N, Spiess, V, Wang, J, Zhu, L & The 2018 Nam Co workshop party 2019, 'ICDP workshop on scientific drilling of Nam Co on the Tibetan Plateau: 1 million years of paleoenvironmental history, geomicrobiology, tectonics and paleomagnetism derived from sediments of a high-altitude lake', Scientific Drilling, vol. 25, pp. 63-70. https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-25-63-2019

Nielsen, JK & Jacobsen, AR 2019, 'Ichnologen Richard Granville Bromley: In Memoriam', Geologisk Tidsskrift, vol. 2019, pp. 33-39. <https://2dgf.dk/xpdf/gt2019-33-39.pdf>

Rijkhoff, J 2019, 'Iconicity of distance: diachronic pathways leading to constituency, word order correlations and scoping', The 12th International Symposium on Iconicity in Language and Literature, Lund, Sweden, 03/05/2019 - 05/05/2019 pp. 137-138.

Sørensen, CAG, Kateris, D & Bochtis, D 2019, ICT Innovations and Smart Farming. in M Salampasis & T Bournaris (eds), Information and Communication Technologies in Modern Agricultural Development: 8th International Conference, HAICTA 2017, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol. 953, pp. 1-19, 8th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies in Agriculture, Food and Environment, HAICTA 2017, Chania, Greece, 21/09/2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12998-9_1

Read, JC, Fitton, D, Sim, G, Bjorklund, M, Giannakos, M, Clarke, S, Van Mechelen, M, Borum, N & Perry, S 2019, IDC methods into industry and innovation. in Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC 2018). Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 676-680, 18th ACM International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, IDC 2019, Boise, United States, 12/06/2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3311927.3325164

Beretta, M 2019, 'Idea Selection in Web-Enabled Ideation Systems', Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 5-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12439

Degn, L 2019, Idéers glidning og oversættelse i universitetssektoren. in L Moos (ed.), Glidninger: ’usynlige’ forandringer inden for pædagogik og uddannelser. Aarhus Universitet, DPU, Emdrup, pp. 156-178. <http://ebooks.au.dk/index.php/aul/catalog/view/312/211/938-1>

Sarwar, MB, Ahmad, Z, Rashid, B, Hassan, S, Gregersen, PL , Pérez, MDLOL , Nagy, I , Asp, T & Husnain, T 2019, 'De novo assembly of Agave sisalana transcriptome in response to drought stress provides insight into the tolerance mechanisms', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 396. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35891-6

Dall Jensen, R , Ravn, S & Christensen, MK 2019, 'Identification and development of talent in surgery: A scoping study across the performance domains of surgery, sport, and music', European Journal of Training and Development, vol. 43, no. 3/4, pp. 272-305. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-07-2018-0070

Kamble, M 2019, 'Identification and development of tools for diagnosis of Ramularia collo-cygni and Ramularia leaf spot disease in barley: Diagnosis tools and marker development for Ramularia leaf spot in barley'.

Walther, R , Winther, A , Fruergaard, AS , Akker, WVD , Sørensen, L , Nielsen, SM , Olesen, MTJ , Dai, Y , Jeppesen, HS , Lamagni, P, Savateev, A, Pedersen, SL , Frich, CK , Vigier, CA , Lock, N, Singh, M, Bansal, V, Meyer, RL & Zelikin, AN 2019, 'Identification and Directed Development of Non‐Organic Catalysts with Apparent Pan‐Enzymatic Mimicry into Nanozymes for Efficient Prodrug Conversion', Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 278-282. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201812668

Liou, AY, Molday, LL, Wang, J, Andersen, JP & Molday, RS 2019, 'Identification and functional analyses of disease-associated P4-ATPase phospholipid flippase variants in red blood cells', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 294, no. 17, pp. 6809-6821. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA118.007270

Larsen, FT, Bed'hom, B, Guldbrandtsen, B & Dalgaard, TS 2019, 'Identification and tissue-expression profiling of novel chicken c-type lectin-like domain containing proteins as potential targets for carbohydrate-based vaccine strategies', Molecular Immunology, vol. 114, no. October, pp. 216-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2019.07.022

de Groot, T, Ebert, LK, Christensen, BM, Andralojc, K, Cheval, L, Doucet, A, Mao, C, Baumgarten, R, Low, BE, Sandhoff, R, Wiles, MV, Deen, PMT & Korstanje, R 2019, 'Identification of Acer2 as a First Susceptibility Gene for Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus in Mice', Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 2322-2336. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2018050549

Albrechtsen, R, Albrechtsen, NJW, Gnosa, S, Schwarz, J, Dyrskjøt, L & Kveiborg, M 2019, 'Identification of ADAM12 as a Novel Basigin Sheddase', International Journal of Molecular Sciences , vol. 20, no. 8, 1957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081957

Thomsen, MM , Jørgensen, SE , Storgaard, M , Kristensen, LS , Gjedsted, J , Christiansen, M , Gad, HH , Hartmann, R & Mogensen, TH 2019, 'Identification of an IRF3 variant and defective antiviral interferon responses in a patient with severe influenza', European Journal of Immunology, vol. 49, no. 11, pp. 2111-2114. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201848083

Dionisio, G , Gautam, M & Fomsgaard, IS 2019, 'Identification of Azoxystrobin Glutathione Conjugate Metabolites in Maize Roots by LC-MS', Molecules, vol. 24, no. 13, 2473. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132473

Rinschen, MM, Ivanisevic, J, Giera, M & Siuzdak, G 2019, 'Identification of bioactive metabolites using activity metabolomics', Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 353-367. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-019-0108-4

Mesbah-Uddin, M 2019, 'Identification of causal factors for recessive lethals in dairy cattle with special focus on large chromosomal deletions'.

Grove, J, Ripke, S, Als, TD , Mattheisen, M, Walters, RK, Won, H, Pallesen, J , Agerbo, E, Andreassen, OA, Anney, R, Awashti, S, Belliveau, R, Bettella, F, Buxbaum, JD, Bybjerg-Grauholm, J, Bækvad-Hansen, M, Cerrato, F, Chambert, K, Christensen, JH, Churchhouse, C, Dellenvall, K, Demontis, D, De Rubeis, S, Devlin, B, Djurovic, S, Dumont, AL, Goldstein, JI, Hansen, CS, Hauberg, ME, Hollegaard, MV, Hope, S, Howrigan, DP, Huang, H, Hultman, CM, Klei, L, Maller, J, Martin, J, Martin, AR, Moran, JL, Nyegaard, M, Nærland, T, Palmer, DS, Palotie, A, Pedersen, CB , Pedersen, MG, dPoterba, T, Poulsen, JB, Pourcain, BS, Qvist, P, Rehnström, K, Reichenberg, A, Reichert, J, Robinson, EB, Roeder, K, Roussos, P, Saemundsen, E, Sandin, S, Satterstrom, FK, Smith, GD, Stefansson, H, Steinberg, S, Stevens, C, Sullivan, PF, Turley, P, Walters, GB, Xu, X, Autism Spectrum Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, BUPGEN, Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, 23andMe Research Team, Stefansson, K, Geschwind, DH, Nordentoft, M, Hougaard, DM, Werge, T, Mors, O , Mortensen, PB, Neale, BM, Daly, MJ & Børglum, AD 2019, 'Identification of common genetic risk variants for autism spectrum disorder', Nature Genetics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 431-444. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0344-8

Koch, K, Hafner, SD, Weinrich, S & Astals, S 2019, 'Identification of Critical Problems in Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) Tests From Methane Production Curves', Frontiers in Environmental Science, vol. 7, 178. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00178

Holzinger, J, Nielsen, M, Beato, P, Brogaard, RY, Buono, C, Dyballa, M, Falsig, H, Skibsted, J & Svelle, S 2019, 'Identification of Distinct Framework Aluminum Sites in Zeolite ZSM-23: A Combined Computational and Experimental ²⁷ Al NMR Study', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 123, no. 13, pp. 7831-7844. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b06891

Khodadad Motarjemi, S , Skjødt, MH , Nagy, D , Plauborg, F & Jacob Steensgaar Jensen, K 2019, 'Identification of effective covariates for prediction of drainage discharge at field-scale using machine-learning algorithms', EGU 2019, Vienna, Austria, 08/04/2019 - 12/04/2019.

Dueholm, M , Hjorth, IMD , Dahl, K, Pedersen, LK & Ørtoft, G 2019, 'Identification of endometrial cancers and atypical hyperplasia: Development and validation of a simplified system for ultrasound scoring of endometrial pattern', Maturitas, vol. 123, no. May, pp. 15-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.01.017

Friis, T, Vesterholm, KK, Katsanos, EI, Brandt, A & Brincker, R 2019, 'Identification of friction-coupled offshore platforms by output-only method', Paper presented at
The 29th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference, Honolulu, United States, 16/06/2019 - 21/06/2019 pp. 1331-1336. <https://onepetro.org/ISOPEIOPEC/proceedings-abstract/ISOPE19/All-ISOPE19/ISOPE-I-19-232/21149>

Lee, JM, Choi, G, Koo, B-K, Hwang, D, Park, J, Zhang, J, Kim, K-J, Tong, Y, Kim, HJ, Grady, L, Doh, J-H, Nam, C-W, Shin, E-S, Cho, Y-S, Choi, S-Y, Chun, EJ, Choi, J-H, Nørgaard, BL , Christiansen, EH, Niemen, K, Otake, H, Penicka, M, de Bruyne, B, Kubo, T, Akasaka, T, Narula, J, Douglas, PS, Taylor, CA & Kim, H-S 2019, 'Identification of high-risk plaques destined to cause Acute Coronary Syndrome using Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography and Computational Fluid Dynamics', JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 1032-1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.01.023

Nascimento, GG, Danielsen, B, Baelum, V & Lopez, R 2019, 'Identification of inflammatory response patterns in experimental gingivitis studies', European Journal of Oral Sciences, vol. 127, no. 1, pp. 33-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/eos.12588

Andersen, TM & Maibom, J 2019, Identification of key drivers determining labour market performance and outcomes.

Bordbar, F, Jensen, J, Zhu, B, Wang, Z, Xu, L, Chang, T, Xu, L, Du, M, Zhang, L, Gao, H, Xu, L & Li, J 2019, 'Identification of muscle-specific candidate genes in Simmental beef cattle using imputed next generation sequencing', PLoS One, vol. 14, no. 10, e0223671. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223671

Giovannetti, M, Göschl, C, Dietzen, C, Andersen, SU, Kopriva, S & Busch, W 2019, 'Identification of novel genes involved in phosphate accumulation in Lotus japonicus through Genome Wide Association mapping of root system architecture and anion content', PLoS Genetics, vol. 15, no. 12, e1008126. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008126

Wu, L, Wang, J, Cai, Q, Cavazos, TB, Emami, NC, Long, J, Shu, X-O, Lu, Y, Guo, X, Bauer, JA, Pasaniuc, B, Penney, KL, Freedman, ML, Kote-Jarai, Z, Witte, JS, Haiman, CA, Eeles, RA, Zheng, W & PRACTICAL, CRUK, BPC3, CAPS, PEGASUS Consortia 2019, 'Identification of Novel Susceptibility Loci and Genes for Prostate Cancer Risk: A Transcriptome-Wide Association Study in Over 140,000 European Descendants', Cancer Research, vol. 79, no. 13, pp. 3192-3204. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-3536

Møller, EF, Juul-Pedersen, T, Mohn, C, Agersted, MD, Holding, JM , Sejr, MK , Schultz, M , Lemcke, S, Ratcliffe, N, Garbus, SE , Clausen, DS & Mosbech, A 2019, Identification of offshore hot spots: An integrated biological oceanographic survey focusing on biodiversity, productivity and food chain relations. Scientific Report from DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, no. 357, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Aarhus. <http://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR357.pdf>

Zhang, R, Yang, X, Wang, J, Han, L, Yang, A, Zhang, J, Zhang, D, Li, B, Li, Z & Xiong, Y 2019, 'Identification of potential biomarkers for differential diagnosis between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis via integrative genome‑wide gene expression profiling analysis', Molecular Medicine Reports, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 30-40. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9677

Hrnjic, M , Birch, T , Barfod, G , Hagen-Peter, GA , Sindbæk, SM & Lesher, C 2019, 'Identification of silver surface enrichment in historical silver coins — a method improvement and a study of trace element behaviour', Archaeometallurgy in Europe 2019, Miskolc, Hungary, 19/06/2019 - 21/06/2019.

Jensen, PA, Leccese, M, Simonsen, FDS , Skov, AW, Bonfanti, M, Thrower, JD, Martinazzo, R & Hornekær, L 2019, 'Identification of stable configurations in the superhydrogenation sequence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 486, no. 4, pp. 5492-5498. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1202

Vesterholm, KK, Friis, T, Brincker, R & Brandt, A 2019, Identification of stick-slip friction in single-degree of freedom system using the random decrement technique. in G Chen & S Alampalli (eds), 9th International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure: Transferring Research into Practice, SHMII 2019 - Conference Proceedings. pp. 30-35, 9th International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure, St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 04/08/2019.

Hanemaaijer, J, Gregorovicova, M, Nielsen, JM, Moorman, AFM, Wang, T, Planken, RN, Christoffels, VM, Sedmera, D & Jensen, B 2019, 'Identification of the building blocks of ventricular septation in monitor lizards (Varanidae)', Development, vol. 146, no. 14, 177121. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.177121

Harichandran, A, Raphael, B & Mukherjee, A 2019, Identification of the structural state in automated modular construction. in 36th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2019). pp. 187-193, 36th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, ISARC 2019, Banff, Canada, 21/05/2019. https://doi.org/10.22260/isarc2019/0026

Kilian, M & Tettelin, H 2019, 'Identification of Virulence-Associated Properties by Comparative Genome Analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pseudopneumoniae, S. mitis, Three S. oralis Subspecies, and S. infantis', mBio, vol. 10, no. 5, e01985-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01985-19

Jones, S & Thylstrup, B 2019, Identificering af børn og unge i risiko for udvikling af psykiske lidelser og/eller rusmiddelproblemer. in SP Hansen, P Jensen & MC Madsen (eds), Grønbog om unge under 25 år med psykiske vanskeligheder: Grønbog om unge under 25 år med psykiske vanskeligheder og samtidigt problematisk brug af rusmidler - oplæg til høring på Christiansborg den 20. november 2019 . SPUK.

Göke, C, Christensen, A, Tonetta, D , Petersen, IK, Olsen, J, Dahl, K & Sveegaard, S 2019, Identifikation af mulige beskyttede havområder i Nordsøen, Skagerrak og Østersøen omkring Bornholm. Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, no. 362, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Aarhus. <http://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR362.pdf>

Kalpazidou Schmidt, E 2019, Identifying and addressing hidden structural and cultural inequalities in the workplace. in S Nachmias & V Caven (eds), Inequality and organizational practice: volume II: employment relations. vol. 2, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, pp. 159-178.

Prexl, K-M, Hubert, M, Beck, S, Heiden, C & Prügl, R 2019, 'Identifying and analysing the drivers of heterogeneity among ecosystem builder accelerators', R&D Management, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 624-638. https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12352

Ebsen, JA, Haase, K, Larsen, R, Sommer, DVP & Brandt, LØ 2019, 'Identifying archaeological leather – discussing the potential of grain pattern analysis and zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS) through a case study involving medieval shoe parts from Denmark', Journal of Cultural Heritage, vol. 39, no. September-October, pp. 21-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2019.04.008

Thyrring, J & Sejr, MK 2019, Identifying climatic drivers of range expansion of a boreal species into the North Water. in LA Kyhn & A Mosbech (eds), White Paper : North Water Polynya Conference 2017. Aarhus Universitet, Roskilde, pp. 77-79, North Water Polynya conference in Copenhagen 22.-24. November 2017, København, Denmark, 21/11/2017. <http://conferences.au.dk/now/>

Jiménez, S, Angeles-Valdez, D, Villicaña, V, Reyes-Zamorano, E, Alcala-Lozano, R, Gonzalez-Olvera, JJ & Garza-Villarreal, EA 2019, 'Identifying cognitive deficits in cocaine dependence using standard tests and machine learning', Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, vol. 95, 109709, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109709

Lind, M, Demiray, B & Bluck, S 2019, 'Identifying distinct sets of predictors of specific functions of autobiographical memory', Memory, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 1313-1318. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2019.1639759

Muir, D, Zhang, X, de Wit, CA, Vorkamp, K & Wilson, S 2019, 'Identifying further chemicals of emerging arctic concern based on ‘in silico’ screening of chemical inventories', Emerging Contaminants, vol. 5, pp. 201-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2019.05.005

Ågård, AS, Hofhuis, J, Koopmans, M, Gerritsen, R, Spronk, P, Engelberg, RA, Curtis, JR, Zijlstra, JG & Jensen, HI 2019, 'Identifying improvement opportunities for patient- and family-centered care in the ICU: Using qualitative methods to understand family perspectives', Journal of Critical Care, vol. 49, pp. 33-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.10.008

Mungi, NA, Kaushik, M, Mohanty, NP, Rastogi, R, Antony Johnson, J & Qureshi, Q 2019, 'Identifying knowledge gaps in the research and management of invasive species in India', Biologia, vol. 74, no. 6, pp. 623-629. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-018-00186-8

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