Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Clausen, DT , Jensen, SK, Lassén, M, Clausen, TN & Larsen, PF 2015, Minks behov for vitamin-E i vækst- og pelssætningsperioden. in SH Møller & J Malmkvist (eds), Temadag om aktuel minkforskning: DCA rapport nr. 066. vol. 66, DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug, pp. 53-59, Temadag om aktuel minkforskning, Foulum, Denmark, 15/09/2015. <http://web.agrsci.dk/djfpublikation/djfpdf/DCArapport066.pdf>

Clausen, D, Jensen, SK, Lassén, M, Clausen, TN & Larsen, PF 2015, Minks' requirement of vitamin E in the growing and furring period - effect of natural and synthetic forms. in Proceedings: Autumn meeting in fur animal research 2015. Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists - NJF, NJF Autumn meeting in Fur Animal Research, Turku, Finland, 29/09/2015.

Riisager, E (ed.) & Grundtvig, NFS 2015, Min Moder. Grundtvigs Værker.

Thomsen, MR 2015, Minne. in LH Kjældgaard, L Møller, D Ringgaard, LM Rösing, P Simonsen & MR Thomsen (eds), Litteratur: Introduktion till teori och analys. Studentlitteratur, Lund, pp. 311-319.

Hartmann, H, Hoehne, K, Rist, E, Louw, AM & Schlosshauer, B 2015, 'miR-124 disinhibits neurite outgrowth in an inflammatory environment', Cell and Tissue Research, vol. 362, no. 1, pp. 9-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-015-2183-y

Ksiazek, M, Karim, AY, Bryzek, D, Enghild, JJ , Thøgersen, IB, Koziel, J & Potempa, J 2015, 'Mirolase, a novel subtilisin-like serine protease from the periodontopathogen Tannerella forsythia', Biological Chemistry, vol. 396, no. 3, pp. 261-275. https://doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2014-0256

Ksiazek, M, Mizgalska, D, Enghild, JJ , Scavenius, C, Thogersen, IB & Potempa, J 2015, 'Miropin, a novel bacterial serpin from the periodontopathogen Tannerella forsythia, inhibits a broad range of proteases by using different peptide bonds within the reactive center loop', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 290, pp. 658-670. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.601716

Pedersen, MU 2015, Misbrug af rusmidler og sociale problemer. in P Bundesen, A Bøggild Christiensen & T Rasmussen (eds), Sociale problemer. Hans Reitzels Forlag, København, pp. 103-130.

Michelsen, A 2015, Misbrug og omgåelse i dansk indkomstskatteret: oversigt over retsudviklingen og bud på den fremtidige udvikling. in J Bundgaard, DR Jensen & N Winther-Sørensen (eds), Den evige udfordring: omgåelse og misbrug i skatteretten. Ex Tuto Publishing, Kbh., pp. 135-153.

Jensen, DR 2015, Misbrugsprincippet: Djævlen i skyggerne. in J Bundgaard, DR Jensen & N Winther-Sørensen (eds), Den Evige Udfordring: Omgåelse og misbrug i skatteretten. Ex Tuto Publishing, København, pp. 53-79.

Kruhl, MC 2015, 'Misforstået forbud mod aktionærlån', Boersen, pp. 4-4.

Blegvad-Nissen, C & Thomsen, PH 2015, 'Misofoni er overset', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 177, no. 48.

Zhang, Q & Fitzek, FHP 2015, Mission Critical IoT Communication in 5G. in V Atanasovski & A Leon-Garcia (eds), Future Access Enablers for Ubiquitous and Intelligent Infrastructures: First International Conference, FABULOUS 2015, Revised Selected Papers. vol. 159, Springer, Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering , vol. 159, pp. 35-41, 1st EAI International Conference on Future access enablers of ubiquitous and intelligent infrastructures, Ohrid, Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of, 23/09/2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27072-2_5

Frandsen, F 2015, 'Mission og vision går tabt i medarbejdernes oversættelse', Jyllands-Posten, pp. 32, Erhverv.

Bøss, M 2015, 'Mistillid til demokratiet', Berlingske Tidende, pp. 30. <http://www.b.dk/kommentarer/mistillid-til-demokratiet>

Bøss, M 2015, 'Mistillid til det politiske aristokrati', Kristeligt Dagblad, pp. 7. <http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/kultur/mistillid-til-det-politiske-aristokrati>

Jensen, H & Beek, MV 2015, Miteinander: Wie Empathie Kinder stark macht. in M Roth, V Schönefeld & T Altmann (eds), Trainings- und Interventionsprogramme zur Förderung von Empathie: Ein praxisorientiertes Kompendium. Springer, pp. 77-91, Rethink Our Common Future 2015, Aarhus, Denmark, 10/06/2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48199-8_7

Andersen, MS 2015, 'Mitigation of employment impacts under unilateral carbon taxation schemes in Scandinavian countries'. <http://www.icpublicpolicy.org/conference/article/article.php?conference=2&article=67>

Mishra, SR, Neupane, D, Preen, D, Kallestrup, P & Perry, HB 2015, 'Mitigation of non-communicable diseases in developing countries with community health workers', EcoHealth, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-015-0129-5

Constantine, R, Johnson, M, Riekkola, L, Jervis, S, Kozmian-Ledward, L, Dennis, T, Torres, LG & Aguilar de Soto, N 2015, 'Mitigation of vessel-strike mortality of endangered Bryde's whales in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand', Biological Conservation, vol. 186, pp. 149-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.03.008

Wistoft, K, Mit kokkeri: bag om bog og website, 2015, Pictures, Video and sound recordings (digital), YouTube. <https://youtu.be/i8XUZu4-IRM>

Wistoft, K (ed.) 2015, MIT Kokkeri. 2 edn, Komiteen for Sundhedsoplysning, København.

Hawash, MBF, Andersen, LO, Gasser, RB, Stensvold, CR & Nejsum, P 2015, 'Mitochondrial Genome Analyses Suggest Multiple Trichuris Species in Humans, Baboons, and Pigs from Different Geographical Regions', P L o S Neglected Tropical Diseases (Online), vol. 9, no. 9, pp. e0004059. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004059

Møller, IM 2015, 'Mitochondrial metabolism is regulated by thioredoxin', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), vol. 112, no. 11, pp. 3180-3181. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502425112

Havelund, JF, Wojdyla, KI, Schwämmle, V, Rogowska-Wrzesinska, A, Rasmusson, AG & Møller, IM 2015, 'Mitochondria-localized proteins in plants stress-induced mitochondrial protein degradation and peptide release', 9th International Conference for Plant Mitochondrial Biology 2015 (ICPMB 2015), Wroclaw, Poland, 17/05/2015 - 22/05/2015.

Hebelstrup, K & Møller, IM 2015, Mitochondrial Signaling in Plants Under Hypoxia: Use of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS). in AU Igamberdiev & KJ Gupta (eds), Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Signaling and Communication in Plants . Springer International Publishing Switzerland, Signaling and Communication in Plants, pp. 63-67.

Racine, JS 2015, 'Mixed data kernel copulas', Empirical Economics, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-015-0913-3

Degn, H-P, Mathiasen, H & Thomsen, MB 2015, 'Mixed methods design – beyond the prototypes: Experiences from a Research Study of 65 Individual High School ICT Development Projects', EERA: ECER 2015, Budapest, Hungary, 07/09/2015 - 11/09/2015. <http://www.eera-ecer.de/ecer-programmes/conference/20/contribution/35839/>

Lieberoth, A & Roepstorff, A 2015, Mixed methods in game research: Playing on strengths and countering weaknesses. in P Lankoski & S Björk (eds), Game research methods: An overview. ETC Press, pp. 271-290. <http://press.etc.cmu.edu/content/game-research-methods-overview>

Hayeck, TJ, Zaitlen, NA, Loh, P-R, Vilhjálmsson, BJ, Pollack, S, Gusev, A, Yang, J, Chen, G-B, Goddard, ME, Visscher, PM, Patterson, N & Price, AL 2015, 'Mixed Model with Correction for Case-Control Ascertainment Increases Association Power', American Journal of Human Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.03.004

Zhang, Y , Lynge, ME , Mian Teo, B , Ogaki, R & Stadler, BM 2015, 'Mixed Poly(dopamine)/Poly(L lysine) (Composite) Coatings: From Assembly to Interaction with Endothelial Cells', Biomaterials Science, vol. 3, pp. 1188-1196. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5BM00093A

Hagen-Peter, GA 2015, 'Mixing between enriched lithospheric mantle and crustal components in a short-lived subduction-related magma system, Dry Valleys area, Antarctica: Insights from U-Pb geochronology, Hf isotopes, and whole-rock geochemistry.', Lithosphere , vol. 7, pp. 174-188.

Mancebo, CM, Merino, C, Martínez, MM & Gómez, M 2015, 'Mixture design of rice flour, maize starch and wheat starch for optimization of gluten free bread quality', Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol. 52, no. 10, pp. 6323-6333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-015-1769-4

Seeling, P, Fitzek, FHP, Lucani Rötter, DE, Katz, M & Pedersen, MV 2015, Mobile Clouds: Technology and Services for Future Communication Platforms. in J Rodriguez (ed.), Fundamentals of 5G Mobile Networks. Wiley, pp. 125-147. <https://books.google.dk/books?id=xIxxBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA125&lpg=PA125&dq=%E2%80%9CMobile+Clouds:+Technology+and+Services+for+Future+Communication+Platforms,%E2%80%9D&source=bl&ots=_zMxcN6Gmk&sig=jVoXNmxD_whuiGOI0OUAFpMjgk4&hl=da&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiP3few_73YAhXCAJoKHYPHCT4Q6AEIMDAC#v=onepage&q=%E2%80%9CMobile%20Clouds%3A%20Technology%20and%20Services%20for%20Future%20Communication%20Platforms%2C%E2%80%9D&f=false>

Gulløv, E 2015, Mobile Positions. in Siblings: Practical and Sensitive Relations. Danish School of Education, Aarhus University, Copenhagen, pp. 98-108. <http://ebooks.au.dk/index.php/aul/catalog/book/114>

Tjornild, M , Søballe, K , Hansen, PM, Holm, C & Stilling, M 2015, 'Mobile- vs. fixed-bearing total knee replacement', Acta Orthopaedica, vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 208-214. https://doi.org/10.3109/17453674.2014.968476

Sørensen, JN , Grevsen, K & de Visser, R 2015, 'Mobil grøngødning', Gartner Tidende, vol. 131, no. 14, pp. 38-39.

Valentin, K & Olwig, KF (eds) 2015, Mobilitet og tilknytning: Migrantliv i et globaliseret Danmark. Antropologiske Studier, Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus.

Valentin, K & Olwig, KF 2015, 'Mobility, Education and Life Trajectories: New and Old Migratory Pathways', Identities - Global Studies in Culture and Power, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 247-257. https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2014.939191

Nielsen, KH 2015, Mobiltelefonen. in H Kragh & KH Nielsen (eds), 50 opfindelser: Højdepunkter i teknologien. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, pp. 281-285.

Swann, AF 2015, 'Mochizuki, Takuro. Harmonic bundles and Toda lattices with opposite sign II. Comm. Math. Phys. 328 (2014), no. 3, 1159--1198.', MathSciNet.

Pelayo, F, Skafte, A, Aenlle, ML & Brincker, R 2015, 'Modal Analysis Based Stress Estimation for Structural Elements Subjected to Operational Dynamic Loadings', Experimental Mechanics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-015-0073-6

Ingram, C, Payne, R, Fitzgerald, J & Monteiro Duarte Couto, LD 2015, Model-based Engineering of Emergence in a Collaborative SoS: Exploiting SysML & Formalism. University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Computing Science. Technical Report Series, vol. CS-TR-1449, vol. CS-TR-1449, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Computing Science, Newcastle upon Tyne. <http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/publications/trs/papers/1449.pdf>

Ingram, C, Payne, R, Fitzgerald, J & Couto, LD 2015, 'Model-based Engineering of Emergence in a Collaborative SoS: Exploiting SysML & Formalism', The 25th Anniversary INCOSE International Symposium , Seattle, WA, United States, 13/07/2015 - 16/07/2015. <http://events.incose.org/sessiondetail_921>

Mota, A, Farias, A, Woodcock, J & Larsen, PG 2015, 'Model checking CML : tool development and industrial applications', Formal Aspects of Computing, vol. 5, no. 27, pp. 975–1001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00165-015-0342-2

Ye, K & Woodcock, J 2015, 'Model checking of state-rich formalism by linking to CSP∥B', International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 73–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-015-0402-1

Hendry, DF & Johansen, S 2015, 'Model discovery and Trygve Haavelmo's legacy', Econometric Theory, vol. 31, no. 1 (Haavelmo Memorial Issue: Part one), pp. 93-114. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266466614000218

Ebeid, ESM, Fummi, F & Quaglia, D 2015, 'Model-Driven Design of Network Aspects of Distributed Embedded Systems', I E E E Transactions on Computer - Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, vol. 34, no. 4. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2015.2394395

Bønløkke, JH , Holst, GJ , Sigsgaard, T, Korsholm, US, Amstrup, B, Gonzalez-Aparicio, I & Havskov Sørensen, J 2015, 'Modeled effects of an improved building insulation scenario in Europe on air pollution, health and societal costs: Calculs des effets sur la pollution atmosphérique, la santé et l’économie d’un programme d’amélioration de l’isolation des bâtiments en Europe', Pollution Atmospherique, vol. 225. <http://lodel.irevues.inist.fr/pollution-atmospherique/index.php?id=4780>

Hyldahl, PC, Andersen, S, Mikkelsen, S & Balling, O 2015, 'Modeling and Feasibility Study of Nonlinear Suspension Components in Multibody Systems using Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation Based Beam Elements -Application to Stabilizer Bar', S A E International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems, vol. 8, no. 2, 2015-01-0642, pp. 449-459. https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0642

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