Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Andersen, SL, Cassidy, DB, Chevallier, J, Cooper, BS, Deller, A, Wall, TE & Uggerhøj, UI 2015, 'Positronium emission and cooling in reflection and transmission from thin meso-structured silica films', Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, vol. 48, no. 20, 204003. https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/48/20/204003

Andersen, SL 2015, 'Positronium Formation & Cooling in Meso-Structured Silica Films'.

Vangkilde, KT 2015, 'Possessed by the Zeitgeist: Inspiration and Prophecy in the Business of Fashion', Journal of Business Anthropology, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 178-200.

Closter, AM, Norberg, E, Pedersen, J & Kargo, M 2015, Possibility to improve genetic evaluation for carcass traits using data from dairy cows. in Book of Abstract of the 66th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science. vol. 21, Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, EAAP Book of Abstracts, pp. 395-395, 66th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science, Warsaw, Poland, 31/08/2015. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-816-2

Nielsen, LH , Grøn, BS & Ovesen, PG 2015, 'Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome postpartum', Clinical Case Reports, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 266-70. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.218

Brüggemann, H 2015, 'Poster: Proteome analysis of human sebaceous skin follicles reveals health- and disease-associated proteins of human and microbial origin'.

Pelckmans, L & Hardung, C (eds) 2015, '(post-)esclavage et mobilisations', Politique Africaine, vol. 2015-4, no. 140, pp. 5-22.

Vibjerg, J , Hansen, RBM & Hagen, EM 2015, 'Post exercise hypotension in cervical incomplete SCI patient'.

Sheldon, C 2015, 'Post-Glacial Development of Western North Atlantic - Labrador Sea Oceanographic Circulation'.

Svenningsen, H , Langhorn, L , Ågård, AS & Dreyer, P 2015, 'Post-ICU symptoms, consequences, and follow-up: an integrative review', Nursing in Critical Care. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12165

Stevens, H , Laursen, TM , Mortensen, PB , Agerbo, E & Dean, K 2015, 'Post-illness-onset risk of offending across the full spectrum of psychiatric disorders', Psychological Medicine, vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 2447-57. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715000458

Schmidt, M, Winther, KD, Secher, JO & Callesen, H 2015, 'Post-mortem findings in cloned and transgenic piglets dead before weaning', Theriogenology, vol. 84, no. 6, pp. 1014-1023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.05.037

Schmidt, M, Winther, KD & Callesen, H 2015, 'Postmortem findings in cloned and transgenic piglets dead before weaning', Reproduction, Fertility and Development, vol. 27, (abst 30), pp. 107-108. https://doi.org/10.1071/RDv27n1Ab30

Gregersen, M , Borris, LC & Damsgaard, EMS 2015, 'Postoperative blood transfusion strategy in frail, anemic elderly patients with hip fracture: The TRIFE randomized controlled trial', Acta Orthopaedica (Print Edition), vol. 86, no. 3, pp. 363-72.

Wiuff Andersen, L , Holmberg, MJ, Doherty, M, Khabbaz, K, Lerner, A, Berg, KM & Donnino, MW 2015, 'Postoperative Lactate Levels and Hospital Length of Stay After Cardiac Surgery', Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 1454-60. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2015.06.007

Jørgensen, CC, Madsbad, S, Kehlet, H & Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Fast-track Hip and Knee Replacement Collaborative Group 2015, 'Postoperative morbidity and mortality in type-2 diabetics after fast-track primary total hip and knee arthroplasty', Anesthesia and Analgesia, vol. 120, no. 1, pp. 230-8. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000000451

Abdel-Halim, CN, Rejnmark, L & Nielsen, VE 2015, 'Post-operative parathyroid hormone can be used as a predictor of normocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy', Danish Medical Journal, vol. 62, no. 11, A5157. <https://ugeskriftet.dk/dmj/post-operative-parathyroid-hormone-can-be-used-predictor-normocalcaemia-after-total-thyroidectomy>

Heiberg, J, Redington, A & Hjortdal, VE 2015, 'Postoperative right bundle branch block after closure of ventricular septal defect predicts lower peak heart rate in adulthood', International Journal of Cardiology, vol. 204, pp. 40-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.11.148

Maimburg, RD & Væth, M 2015, 'Postpartum depression among first-time mothers - results from a parallel randomised trial', Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare.

Bergink, V, Boyce, P & Munk-Olsen, T 2015, 'Postpartum psychosis: A valuable misnomer', The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 102-3. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867414564698

Cox, G 2015, Postscript on the post-digital and the problem of temporality. in DM Berry & M Dieter (eds), Postdigital Aesthetics: Art, Computation and Design. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, pp. 151-162.

Christiansen, DM, Iversen, TN, Lüthje Ambrosi, S & Elklit, A 2015, Posttraumatic Growth: A Critical Review of Problems with the Current Measurement of the Term. in CR Martin, VP Preedy & VB Patel (eds), Comprehensive guide to post-traumatic stress disorder. Springer, Schweiz, pp. 1797-1812. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08613-2_5-1

Welz, C 2015, 'Post-traumatic growth? Tavshed og tale i omgang med afmagt, angst og sorg', Kritisk Forum for Praktisk Teologi, vol. Katastrofens teologi, no. 141, pp. 88-106.

Gradus, JL, Farkas, DK , Svensson, E , Ehrenstein, V , Lash, TL, Milstein, A, Adler, N & Sørensen, HT 2015, 'Posttraumatic stress disorder and cancer risk: a nationwide cohort study', European Journal of Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-015-0032-7

Stark, EA, Parsons, CE , Hartevelt, TJV, Charquero-Ballester, M, McManners, H, Ehlers, A, Stein, A & Kringelbach, ML 2015, 'Post-traumatic stress influences the brain even in the absence of symptoms: A systematic, quantitative meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies', Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, vol. 56, pp. 207-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.07.007

O Connor, M & Zachariae, R 2015, Posttraumatic stress symptoms in breast cancer: Prevalence, predictors, consequences, and treatment. in CR Martin, VR Preedy & VB Patel (eds), Comprehensive Guide to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Springer, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08613-2_51-1

Jensen, RH, Johansen, HK, Søes, LM, Lemming, LE, Rosenvinge, FS, Nielsen, L, Olesen, B, Kristensen, L, Dzajic, E, Astvad, KMT & Arendrup, MC 2015, 'Posttreatment Antifungal Resistance among Colonizing Candida Isolates in Candidemia Patients: Results from a Systematic Multicenter Study', Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 1500-8. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01763-15

Gonzalez-Bergonzoni, I 2015, 'Potential drivers of aquatic food web dynamics, from global to regional scales, with special emphasis on the role of fish in stream food webs'.

Tangjitman, K, Trisonthi, C, Wongsawad, C, Jitaree, S & Svenning, J-C 2015, 'Potential impact of climatic change on medicinal plants used in the Karen women's health care in northern Thailand', Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 369-379.

Zheng, H 2015, 'Potential of metabolomics to unravel the metabolic response to intake of dairy products'.

Andersson, K-E 2015, 'Potential of stem cell treatment in detrusor dysfunction', Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, vol. 82-83, no. March, pp. 117–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.017

Petrof, G, Lwin, SM, Martinez-Queipo, M, Abdul-Wahab, A, Tso, S, Mellerio, JE, Slaper-CortenbaC.H., I, Boelens, JJ, Tolar, J, Veys, P, Ofuya, M, Peacock, JL, Martinez, AE & McGrath, JA 2015, 'Potential of Systemic Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy for Children with Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa', Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol. 135, no. 9, pp. 2319-2321. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2015.158

Guedes, P, Magro, C, Couto, N, Mosca, A, Mateus, EP & Ribeiro, AB 2015, 'Potential of the electrodialytic process for emerging organic contaminants remediation and phosphorus separation from sewage sludge', Electrochimica Acta, vol. 181, pp. 109-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.167

Ferapontova, E 2015, 'Potential of Zn-doped hematite nanostructures in hybrid photovoltaic biofuel cells', 13th International Fischer Symposium a meeting on nanoscale electrochemistry, Lubeck, Germany, 07/06/2015 - 11/06/2015.

Caro, D & Coscieme, L 2015, Potential reduction of enteric methane emissions from dairy cattle in Brazil. in Advances in Cleaner Production. Volume 2.

Rangstrup-Christensen, L , Schild, S-LA , Pedersen, LJ & Sørensen, JT 2015, 'Potential risk factors for piglet mortality in Danish organic pig production', International conference on pig welfare: Improving pig welfare – what are the ways forward?, Copenhagen, Denmark, 29/04/2015 - 30/04/2015.

Rangstrup-Christensen, L , Schild, S-LA , Pedersen, LJ & Sørensen, JT 2015, Potential risk factors for piglet mortality in Danish organic pig production. in Improving Pig Welfare - what are the ways forward?. pp. 83-83, International conference on pig welfare: Improving pig welfare – what are the ways forward?, Copenhagen, Denmark, 29/04/2015.

Suravajhala, P, Kogelman, LJA, Mazzoni, G & Kadarmideen, HN 2015, 'Potential role of lncRNA cyp2c91-protein interactions on diseases of the immune system', Frontiers in Genetics, vol. 6, pp. 255. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2015.00255

Kaastrup Müller, H , Orlowski, D , Reidies Bjarkam, C , Wegener, G & Elfving, B 2015, 'Potential roles for Homer1 and Spinophilin in the preventive effect of electroconvulsive seizures on stress-induced CA3c dendritic retraction in the hippocampus', European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 1324-1331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.04.011

Fernandez-Rodriguez, S, Sadys, M, Smith, M, Tormo-Molina, R, Skjoth, CA, Maria Maya-Manzano, J, Silva-Palacios, I & Gonzalo-Garijo, A 2015, 'Potential sources of airborne Alternaria spp. spores in South-west Spain', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 533, pp. 165-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.031

Jensen, PK 2015, Potential to graduate the dose according to crop biomass when desiccating potato crops. in Proceedings 10th European Conference on Precision Agriculture. pp. 69-69, 10th European Conference on Precision Agriculture, Volcani Center, Israel, 12/07/2015.

Thomsen, JH, Kjærgaard, J, Hassager, C, Graff, C, Hansen, J, Worbech, T, Jensen, JH, Bro-Jeppesen, J & Pehrson, S 2015, 'Potentielle skadelige virkninger ved brug af strømpistol', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 177, no. 12, pp. 1178-1181.

Markager, S , Riemann, B & Maar, M 2015, 'Potentielt konfliktende arealinteresser på havet: Havbrug', Altinget.

Zhang, K, Dearing, JA, Dawson, TP, Dong, X, Yang, X & Zhang, W 2015, 'Poverty alleviation strategies in eastern China lead to critical ecological dynamics', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 506-507, pp. 164–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.096

Pedersen, PJ & Jakobsen, V 2015, 'Poverty Risk and Income Distribution among Older Immigrants in a Scandinavian Welfare State'.

Wahlberg, N , Bindzus, N , Bjerg, L , Becker, J , Christensen, S, Dippel, AC, Jørgensen, MRV & Iversen, BB 2015, 'Powder X‑ray Diffraction Electron Density of Cubic Boron Nitride', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C, vol. 119, no. 11, pp. 6164-6173. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp511985d

Park, S 2015, 'Power and Civil War Termination Bargaining', International Studies Quarterly, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 172-183. https://doi.org/10.1111/isqu.12174

Green-Pedersen, C , Mortensen, PB & So, F 2015, 'Power by What?', Paper presented at Workshop on Party Communication, Vienna, Denmark, 04/12/2015 - 05/12/2015.

Tranberg, B, Thomsen, AB, Rodriguez, RA , Andresen, G, Schäfer, M & Greiner, M 2015, 'Power flow tracing in a simplified highly renewable European electricity network', New Journal of Physics, vol. 17. https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/17/10/105002

Wallot, S, O'Brien, B, Coey, C & Kelty-Stephen, D 2015, 'Power-law fluctuations in eye movements predict text comprehension during connected text reading', Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, vol. 2015, pp. 2583-2588.

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