Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Flanagan, P & Frankjær, R 2019, Cyborganic wearables: Sociotechnical misbehavior and the evolution of nonhuman agency. in Reconfiguring Human, Nonhuman and Posthuman in Literature and Culture. Taylor and Francis Press, pp. 236-259.

Darki, F, Fekri, S, Farhangmehr, S, Ahmadieh, H, Dehghan, MH & Elahi, E 2019, 'CYP4V2 mutation screening in an Iranian Bietti crystalline dystrophy pedigree and evidence for clustering of CYP4V2 mutations', Journal of Current Ophthalmology, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 172-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joco.2019.01.007

Christiansen, RJ, Münch, HJ, Bonefeld, CM, Thyssen, JP, Sloth, JJ, Geisler, C, Søballe, K, Jellesen, MS & Jakobsen, SS 2019, 'Cytokine Profile in Patients with Aseptic Loosening of Total Hip Replacements and Its Relation to Metal Release and Metal Allergy', Journal of Clinical Medicine, vol. 8, no. 8, 1259. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081259

Olagnier, D & Hiscott, J 2019, 'Cytokines 2017 in Kanazawa: Looking beyond the horizon of integrated cytokine research from the sea of Japan', Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, vol. 50, pp. 75-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.01.008

Graham, J, Wells, JC, Donskov, F, Lee, JL, Fraccon, A, Pasini, F, Porta, C, Bowman, IA, Bjarnason, GA, Ernst, DS, Rha, SY, Beuselinck, B, Hansen, A, North, SA, Kollmannsberger, CK, Wood, LA, Vaishampayan, UN, Pal, SK, Choueiri, TK & Heng, DYC 2019, 'Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in Metastatic Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results from the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium', European Urology Oncology, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 643-648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euo.2019.03.007

Birkving, AL , Nicolaisen, PB , Nielsen, MW & Mejlgaard, N 2019, D6.3: Evaluation of the Societal Readiness (SR) Thinking Tool across Social Lab domains. Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus.

Thaulow, V (ed.) & Grundtvig, NFS 2019, Daab og Synds-Forladelse. Grundtvigs Værker. <http://www.xn--grundtvigsvrker-7lb.dk/tekstvisning/19686/0#>

Nygaard, B 2019, 'Da bedstefar var et bøllefrø: ungdom i 1950´erne', Hearts & Minds. Magasin om Generationer, pp. 30-31. <https://heartsandminds.fuau.dk/media/10115/hm_temamagasin_2019_mellem.pdf>

Jacobsen, KM & Jørgensen, P 2019, 'd-abelian quotients of (d + 2)-angulated categories', Journal of Algebra, vol. 521, pp. 114-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2018.11.019

Pedersen, NA 2019, 'Dåben er ordet og vandet sammen', Kristeligt Dagblad, vol. 124, no. 71, pp. 8-8.

Holm, BK & Mathiasen Stopa, SE 2019, 'Dåbens fundament er Guds utvetydige personlige tilsagn', Fønix. <http://foenix1976.dk/2019/02/14/daabens-fundament-er-guds-entydige-personlige-tilsagn/>

Maeng, M, Steg, PG, Bhatt, DL, Hohnloser, SH, Nordaby, M, Miede, C, Kimura, T, Lip, GYH, Oldgren, J, ten Berg, JM, Cannon, CP & RE-DUAL PCI Steering Committee and Investigators 2019, 'Dabigatran Dual Therapy Versus Warfarin Triple Therapy Post–PCI in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Diabetes', JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions, vol. 12, no. 23, pp. 2346-2355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2019.07.059

Ascierto, PA, Ferrucci, PF, Fisher, R, Del Vecchio, M, Atkinson, V, Schmidt, H, Schachter, J, Queirolo, P, Long, GV, Di Giacomo, AM, Svane, IM, Lotem, M, Bar-Sela, G, Couture, F, Mookerjee, B, Ghori, R, Ibrahim, N, Moreno, BH & Ribas, A 2019, 'Dabrafenib, trametinib and pembrolizumab or placebo in BRAF-mutant melanoma', Nature Medicine, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 941-946. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0448-9

Boertmann, D 2019, 'Daddelbrun Vokshat (Hygrocybe spadicea) i tørkeåret 2018', Svampe, vol. 2019, no. 79, pp. 42-43.

Nygaard, B 2019, Da Elvis døde - tre perspektiver på ungdommens historie. Ikke kun Elvis. <https://ikkekunelvis.wordpress.com/2018/08/16/da-elvis-dode-tre-perspektiver-pa-ungdommens-historie/>

Skjerning, H 2019, 'dagene kortes', Slagtryk - tidsskrift for digte & kortprosa, vol. 88, no. 10. <https://www.slagtryk.dk/2019/10/halfdan-skjerning-dagene-kortes/>

Kofod, K 2019, Daginstitutioner under forandring: glidninger i organisation, ledelse og styring . in L Moos (ed.), Glidninger: 'usynlige’ forandringer inden for pædagogik og uddannelser . Aarhus Universitet, DPU, København, pp. 88-108.

Petersen, KE 2019, Dagtilbuddets betydning for børn i udsatte positioner. Pædagogisk Indblik, no. 02, Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus. <http://edu.au.dk/fileadmin/edu/Paedagogisk_Indblik/Dagtilbud_boern_udsatte_positioner/Dagtilbuddets_betydning_for_boern_i_udsatte_positioner.pdf>

Evensen, JF, Sand Hansen, H, Overgaard, M, Johansen, J, Andersen, LJ & Overgaard, J 2019, 'DAHANCA 9–a randomized multicenter study to compare accelerated normo-fractionated radiotherapy with accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy in patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC)', Acta Oncologica, vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 1502-1505. https://doi.org/10.1080/0284186X.2019.1629012

Lavy, S 2019, 'Daily Dynamics of Teachers’ Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Social and Emotional Antecedents and Outcomes', Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 10, 2863. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02863

Franchi, GA , Herskin, MS & Jensen, MB 2019, 'Dairy cows fed a low energy diet before dry-off show signs of hunger despite ad libitum access', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 16159. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51866-7

Charlton, G, Thorup, VM, Dimitrelos, D & Rutter, M 2019, Dairy cows with Johne's disease spend less time lying and increase feed intake around peak lactation. in RC Newberry & BO Braastad (eds), Proceedings of the 52 ISAE congress, Bergen Norway. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Netherlands, pp. 284-284. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-889-6

Mendelian Randomization of Dairy Consumption Working Group & CHARGE Consortium (Kim Overvad; member) 2019, 'Dairy Intake and Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Traits among Adults: Mendelian Randomization Analysis of 182041 Individuals from 18 Studies', Clinical Chemistry, vol. 65, no. 6, pp. 751-760. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2018.300335

Kjølbæk, L, Schmidt, JM, Rouy, E, Jensen, KJ, Lindahl, EI, Astrup, A, Bakman, M, Bertram, HCS, Sanggaard, KW, Hammershøj, M & Raben, A 2019, 'Dairy matrix affects postprandial triglyceride concentration: preliminary results from a randomized, cross-over meal test study', 37th International Symposium on Diabetes and Nutrition, Kerkrade, Netherlands, 12/06/2019 - 14/06/2019.

Vissers, LET, Sluijs, I, van der Schouw, YT, Forouhi, NG, Imamura, F, Burgess, S, Barricarte, A, Boeing, H, Bonet, C, Chirlaque, M-D, Fagherazzi, G, Franks, PW, Freisling, H, Gunter, MJ, Quirós, JR, Ibsen, DB, Kaaks, R, Key, T, Khaw, KT, Kühn, T, Mokoroa, O, Nilsson, PM, Overvad, K, Pala, V, Palli, D, Panico, S, Sacerdote, C, Spijkerman, AMW, Tjonneland, A, Tumino, R, Rodríguez-Barranco, M, Rolandsson, O, Riboli, E, Sharp, SJ, Langenberg, C & Wareham, NJ 2019, 'Dairy Product Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in EPIC-InterAct: A Mendelian Randomization Study', Diabetes Care, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 568-575. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-2034

Hernandez Castellano, LE, Nally, JE, Lindahl, J, Wanapat, M, Alhidary, IA, Fangueiro, D, Grace, D, Ratto, M, Bambou, JC & de Almeida, AM 2019, 'Dairy science and health in the tropics: challenges and opportunities for the next decades', Tropical Animal Health and Production, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 1009-1017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-01866-6

Houdek, G , Lund, MN , Trampedach, R , Christensen-Dalsgaard, J , Handberg, R & Appourchaux, T 2019, 'Damping rates and frequency corrections of Kepler LEGACY stars', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 487, no. 1, pp. 595-608. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1211

Wang, J, Pindus, M, Janson, C, Sigsgaard, T, Kim, JL, Holm, M, Sommar, J, Orru, H, Gislason, T, Johannessen, A, Bertelsen, RJ & Norbäck, D 2019, 'Dampness, mould, onset and remission of adult respiratory symptoms, asthma and rhinitis', European Respiratory Journal, vol. 53, no. 5, 1801921. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01921-2018

Atzbach, R, Cante, M, Freckmann, K & Klein, U (eds) 2019, Dänemark und der Hausbau im Norden. Jahrbuch für Hausforschung, vol. 64, Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg bei Fulda.

Kjærsgaard, A 2019, Danish churchyards as consolationscapes. in C Jedan, A Maddrell & E Venbrux (eds), Consolationscapes in the face of loss: Grief and consolation in space and time. Routledge, Abingdon, pp. 110-126. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780815358800

Steensig, J & Sørensen, SS 2019, 'Danish dialogue particles in an interactional perspective', Skandinaviske Sprogstudier/Scandinavian Studies in Language, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 63-84. <https://tidsskrift.dk/sss/article/download/114671/163213/>

Haraguchi, L & Carstensen, J 2019, 'Danish estuaries as coastal filters: identification of hotspots', 20. Danske Havforskermøde, Odense, Denmark, 23/01/2019 - 25/01/2019. <https://www.dhm2019.dk/>

Mygind-Klavsen, B , Lund, B , Nielsen, TG, Maagaard, N, Kraemer, O, Hölmich, P, Winge, S & Lind, M 2019, 'Danish Hip Arthroscopy Registry: predictors of outcome in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)', Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 3110-3120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-018-4941-3

Steinberg, JR, Adler, NE & Munk-Olsen, T 2019, 'Danish-like Regulations May Improve Postabortion Mental Health Risk-Reply', JAMA Psychiatry, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 100. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2605

Rousing, R, Jensen, RK, Fruensgaard, S , Strøm, J, Brøgger, HA, Degn, JDM & Andersen, MØ 2019, 'Danish national clinical guidelines for surgical and nonsurgical treatment of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis', European Spine Journal, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 1386-1396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-019-05987-2

Arnfred, J , Svendsen, K , Rask, C, Jeppesen, P, Fensbo, L, Houmann, T, Obel, C, Niclasen, J & Bilenberg, N 2019, 'Danish norms for the strengths and difficulties questionnaire', Danish Medical Journal, vol. 66, no. 6, A5546.

Kanstrup, N & Balsby, TJS 2019, 'Danish pheasant and mallard hunters comply with the lead shot ban.', Ambio, vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 1009-1014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01152-7

Skyggebjerg, AK 2019, 'Danish Picture-book Illustrations of The Little Red Ridinghood', Europa Illustriert die Grimms, Pasing/München, Germany, 28/02/2019 - 01/03/2019.

Beedholm Laursen, R 2019, 'Danish police practice and national football fan crowd behaviour. Dialogue or coercive force?', Soccer and Society, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 325-340. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2017.1302933

Steensgaard, K 2019, 'Danish Refusal to Follow the Court of Justice on the Applicability of EU Law: Judgment of the Danish Supreme Court of 6 December 2016', Zeitschrift für Europäisches Privatrecht, vol. Jg 27, no. 2, pp. 407-414.

Rasmussen, LD , Winther, S , Westra, J , Isaksen, C , Ejlersen, JA , Brix, L , Kirk, J , Urbonaviciene, G , Søndergaard, HM , Hammid, O, Schmidt, SE, Knudsen, LL , Madsen, LH , Frost, L, Petersen, SE, Gormsen, LC , Christiansen, EH , Eftekhari, A , Holm, NR , Nyegaard, M, Chiribiri, A, Bøtker, HE & Böttcher, M 2019, 'Danish study of Non-Invasive testing in Coronary Artery Disease 2 (Dan-NICAD 2): Study design for a controlled study of diagnostic accuracy', American Heart Journal, vol. 215, pp. 114-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2019.03.016

Dorf, H 2019, Danish teacher education as a case of unresolved conflicts. in KG Karras & CC Wolhuter (eds), International handbook of teacher education worldwide . 2 edn, vol. 1, HM studies, Nicosia, pp. 433-450.

Laursen, R 2019, '"Danish teachers’ want leaders that understand their problems"', Paper presented at Fundamental but often forgotten perspectives
on/in school and leadership

, Copenhagen, Denmark, 10/10/2019 - 11/10/2019. <https://conferences.au.dk/fileadmin/conferences/2019/Perspectives_on_school_and_leadership/5_Students_Abstracts_2.pdf>

Londero, LS, Høgh, A, Houlind, K & Lindholt, JS 2019, 'Danish Trends in Major Amputation After Vascular Reconstruction in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease 2002-2014', European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2018.08.047

Stage, AK & Aagaard, K 2019, 'Danish universities under transformation: Developments in staff categories as indicator of organizational change', Higher Education, vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 629-652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-019-00362-y

Niklassen, AS , Ovesen, T , Fernandes, H & Fjaeldstad, A 2019, 'Danish Validation of Sniffin’ Sticks Olfactory Test for Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification', Dansk Selskab for Oto-rhino-laryngologi, Hoved-Halskirurgi: DSOHH årsmøde, Nyborg, Denmark, 25/04/2019 - 26/04/2019.

Niklassen, AS 2019, 'Danish Validation of Sniffin’ Sticks Olfactory Test for Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification', Forskningens Dag, Herning, Denmark, 29/08/2019 - 29/08/2019.

Kildegaard, D, Graugaard-Jensen, C, Andersen, K & Thorlund, JB 2019, 'Danish version of the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) questionnaire: a linguistic translation, cross-cultural adaptation and test-re-test reliability study', Scandinavian Journal of Urology, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 62-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681805.2019.1591501

Hansen, AØ, Knygsand-Roenhoej, K & Ardensø, K 2019, 'Danish version of the Patient-Rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation questionnaire: Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, test–retest reliability and construct validity', Hand Therapy, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 22-30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1758998318807238

Aagaard, A 2019, 'Danmark bør gå forrest på vejen mod cirkulært landbrug', Jyllands-Posten.

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