Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Holm, C 2025, 'Autoritetsglædens genkomst?', Asterisk (magasin), no. 111. <https://dpu.au.dk/asterisk/leder-111>

Sørensen, EF 2025, 'Autosomal and X-chromosomal analysis of admixture and diversity patterns show extensive selection against admixture, as well as depletion of diversity on chromosome X', PhD, Aarhus University.

Møberg, KD & Malmmose, M 2025, 'A value-based healthcare approach: Patchy institutionalized logics infusing managers’ VBHC perceptions', Financial Accountability & Management, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 19-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/faam.12402

Zheng, Y , Weye, N, Aburto, JM, Permanyer, I & Plana-Ripoll, O 2025, 'Average lifespan variation among people with mental disorders in Denmark: a nationwide, register-based cohort study', Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, vol. 53, no. 3, 14034948241241554. https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241241554

Siddiqui, KM, Strojecka, H, Meyland, TH, Khatiwada, N, Klinkby, N , Pérez-Salinas, D & Wall, SE 2025, 'A versatile setup for symmetry-resolved ultrafast dynamics of quantum materials', Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 96, no. 10, 103903. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0279973

Berntorp, K, Mohammad, MA, Koul, S, Yndigegn, T, Fröbert, O, Myredal, A, Persson, J, Erlinge, D & Götberg, M 2025, 'A Vessel-Specific Analysis of Deferred Lesions Using the Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve', Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, vol. 4, no. 9, 103823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscai.2025.103823

Wellard, CJ, Weger, M, Gachon, FBM & Buchanan, KL 2025, 'Avian circadian clock genes: ontogeny and role for adaptive programming in avian embryos', Frontiers in Physiology, vol. 16, 1586580. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1586580

Nielsen, HM , Kargo, M & Jørgensen, L 2025, Avl tilpasset økologiske produktionssystemer og forbrugerpræferencer. in Program Økologikongres 2025. Økologikongres 2025, 18/11/2025.

Engberg, J & Cederfeldt, JBM 2025, 'Avslutade och pågående danska projekt', Patristica Nordica Annuaria, pp. 15-16.

STANISIC, NIKOLA, SARACUTU, OVIDIUIONUT, COLONNA, ANNA, WU, WENDY, MANFREDINI, DANIELE & HÄGGMAN-HENRIKSON, BIRGITTA 2025, 'AWAKE BRUXISM PREVALENCE ACROSS POPULATIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS', Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice, vol. 25, no. 3, 102171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebdp.2025.102171

Akorede, FR, Kobek-Kjeldager, C, Jibril, AH & Usman, AA 2025, 'Awareness of animal welfare among primary stakeholders during transport and in livestock markets in Nigeria', Animal Welfare, vol. 34, e61. https://doi.org/10.1017/awf.2025.10035

Alves, PCG, Petersen, I, Nagyova, I, Katreniaková, Z, Ehrenstein, V & Stevenson, FA 2025, 'Awareness of risk when prescribing and taking combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs): A qualitative study with women and health professionals in three European countries', BMJ Open, vol. 15, no. 3, e084735. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084735

Wittig, J & Lauridsen, KG 2025, 'A warning shot for mechanical ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Lessons from a cadaver study on Chest Compression Synchronized Ventilation', Resuscitation, vol. 216, 110834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110834

Møldrup, L & Pavlogiannis, A 2025, 'AWDIT: An Optimal Weak Database Isolation Tester', Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages , vol. 9, 209, pp. 1540-1564. https://doi.org/10.1145/3742465

Mosca, K, Hoffmann, SV, Grangier, A, Wien, F, Arluison, V & Marco, S 2025, 'A workflow to define structural classes and classify nucleic acids Circular Dichroism spectra.', QRB Discovery, vol. 6, e22. https://doi.org/10.1017/qrd.2025.10008

Boysen, KB, Bertelsen, M, Rendtorff, ND, Farholt, S & Kessel, L 2025, 'Axial length, myopia progression, and myopic maculopathy in Stickler syndrome', Acta Ophthalmologica. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.70030

Stald Skoven, C, Andersson, M, Barquin Torre, ML, Pizzolato, M, Siebner, HR & Dyrby, TB 2025, 'Axonal Structure-Function relationships across experimental modalities: Mapping axon diameters and conduction velocity', Imaging Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1162/IMAG.a.1058

Morales Moreira, ZP, Kak, K, Wei, ZW, Yanez-Ortuno, D, Wang, NR, Hedges, JB, Chen, MY, Geissmann, Q, Zhang, W, Chatterton, S, Ryan, KS & Haney, CH 2025, 'Azomycin produced by Pseudomonas has both phytotoxic and anti-oomycete activity', Journal of Bacteriology, vol. 207, no. 12. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.00292-25

Qi, Y, Wu, Z, Wang, Y, Zhou, R, Liu, L, Wang, Y, Zhao, J & Jiang, F 2025, 'Bacillus Bio-Organic Fertilizer Altered Soil Microorganisms and Improved Yield and Quality of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)', Plants, vol. 14, no. 9, 1389. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14091389

Fredsgaard, SL, Per Huffeldt, N, Jessen, LN, Dyrholm Jacobsen, IB, Johansen, KL, Labansen, AL, Merkel, FR, Le Moullec, M, Nygaard, R, Post, S, Raundrup, K, Rosing-Asvid, A, Rudd, DA & Zinglersen, KB 2025, Background report prior to exploitation of hydropower potential in central West Greenland. Scientific Report from DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, vol. 664. <https://dce.au.dk/fileadmin/dce.au.dk/Udgivelser/Videnskabelige_rapporter_600-699/SR664_UK.pdf>

Attewell, D, Jozwiak, A & Kuhn, E 2025, 'Backlash or Inclusion? The Political Effects of Co-Ethnic Immigration', Political Behavior, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 1413-1434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-024-09995-x

Melo, N, Þórsson, B, Riede, F & Norrgård, S 2025, Back to the Future: Weaving Climate History into Nordic National Museum Narratives. in D Collet, IM Gundersen, H Huhtamaa, FC Ljungqvist, AEJ Ogilvie & S White (eds), Nordic Climate Histories: Impacts, Pathways, Narratives. The White Horse Press, Winwick, pp. 317-336. https://doi.org/10.63308/63881023874820.book

Andersen, MA & Trapp, NL 2025, 'Back to the Past or Forward to the Future? Exploring Emotions and Time in Antenarratives shared amongst Slaughterhouse Workers in the Context of Continuous Change', Paper presented at EUPRERA 2025 Annual Congress , Lund, Sweden, 24/09/2025 - 27/09/2025.

Hadji-Turdeghal, K, Petersen, JK, Graversen, PL, Butt, JH, Strange, JE, Ihlemann, N, Dahl, JS, Povlsen, JA, Voldstedlund, M, Terkelsen, CJ, Møller, CH, Freeman, P, Nissen, H, De Backer, O, Koeber, L, Østergaard, L & Fosbøl, EL 2025, 'Bacteraemia after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a nationwide cohort study', Heart, vol. 111, no. 9, pp. 412-420. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2024-324803

Jéglot, A, Sanchez-Cid, C, Sørensen, SR, Schnorr, KM, Plauborg, F, Vogel, TM & Elsgaard, L 2025, 'Bacterial bioaugmentation of woodchip bioreactors to increase nitrate removal in cold agricultural drainage water', Environmental Technology, vol. 46, no. 13, pp. 2417-2428. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2024.2432483

Salar Vidal, L, Prinz, J, Frey, PM, Schweizer, TA, Böni, L, Brugger, SD, Brüggemann, H, Esteban, J, Achermann, Y & ESGIAI (ESCMID Study Group for Implant-Associated Infections) 2025, 'Bacterial skin colonization with a specific Cutibacterium avidum clade as a risk factor for periprosthetic joint infections: a multicenter study', Microbiology Spectrum, vol. 13, no. 11, e0051525, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.00515-25

Samanta, A , Malle, MG , Tsang, E , Omer, M , Skaanning, MK , Kjems, J & Gothelf, KV 2025 'Bacteriophage-Mimetic DNA Origami Needle for Targeted Membrane Penetration and Cytosolic Cargo Delivery' bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.06.16.659898

Bennedsgaard, AB 2025, 'Badestranden er også en gravplads', Litteraturmagasinet Standart, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 10-12.

Wren, CD, Romanowska, I & Riede, F 2025, 'Bad year econometrics: Agent-based modeling of risk management strategies under varying regimes of environmental change', Science Advances, vol. 11, no. 3, eadr0314. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adr0314

Dalgaard, T , Lohrum, N , Graversgaard, M , Odgaard, MV , Thorsøe, MH & Normand, S 2025, 'Bæredygtige produktionslandskaber og udviklingen af det industrialiserede landbrug i Danmark', Landbohistorisk Tidsskrift, no. 19, pp. 77-102. <https://tidsskrift.dk/landbohist/article/view/156961>

Jensen, EH , Mogensen, L & Pedersen, LJ 2025, 'Bæredygtighed i velfærdsfremmende husdyrproduktion', No. 2024-0744060, 27 p., Apr 11, 2025. Rådgivningsnotat fra DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug.

Læssøe, J 2025, Bæredygtighedsbevægelsen og uddannelse. in Klimapåmindelser: en antologi med 40 forskellige bidrag. Frydenlund Academic, Frederiksberg, pp. 133-138.

Puge, K & Wahlgren, B 2025, 'Bæredygtig skoleudvikling: Erfaringer fra udviklingsprojekter på erhvervsuddannelser ', DJES Danish journal of education studies, vol. 4, no. 1, 1, pp. 1-17. <https://tidsskrift.dk/tidsskriftforuddannelsesvidens/article/view/141534>

Dalgaard, T , Lohrum, N & Graversgaard, M 2025, 'Bæredygtigt jordbrug kræver styrket viden på helt nye præmisser', DM Akademikerbladet.

Nissen, M, Egede, G & Sander, O 2025, '"Bag de høje mure synger vi os nærmest frie": en analyse af agens og underkastelse i Fangekoret', Psyke & Logos, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 117-138.

Fredsgaard, SL, Per Huffeldt, N, Jessen, LN, Dyrholm Jacobsen, IB, Johansen, KL , Lage Labansen, A , Merkel, FR, Le Moullec, M, Nygaard, R, Post, S, Raundrup, K, Rosing-Asvid, A, Rudd, DA & Zinglersen, KB 2025, Baggrundsrapport forud for udnyttelse af vandkraftpotentiale i det centrale Vestgrønland. Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, no. 664, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. <https://dce.au.dk/fileadmin/dce.au.dk/Udgivelser/Videnskabelige_rapporter_600-699/SR664.pdf>

Berthelsen, UD 2025, 'Balancekunst: Besøg på Skive Kunstmuseum', Magasinet Kunst, no. 2.

Holde Skinnerup, T & Madsen, M 2025, 'Balancespillet mellem økonomi og kvalitet', Dansk Pædagogisk Tidsskrift, no. 3.

Dragosits, A, Martinsen, B, Hemingway, A & Norlyk, A 2025, 'Balancing acts–striving towards independence after early discharge: lived experiences of older adults and their relatives', BMC Health Services Research, vol. 25, no. 1, 185. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12322-7

Tudoran, AA 2025, 'Balancing AI and Human Values: Evaluating Consumer Concerns on Privacy and Security in the Internet of Things', Paper presented at European Academy of Management (EURAM), Florence, Italy, 22/06/2025 - 25/06/2025.

Malmmose, M & Liboriussen, JM 2025, 'Balancing autonomy and accountability in national public hospitals–a qualitative case study', Accounting Forum, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 606-633. https://doi.org/10.1080/01559982.2025.2494339

Pedersen, ES, Johansen, C & Thomsen, MK 2025, 'Balancing between A and I', Acta Oncologica, vol. 64, pp. 641-643. https://doi.org/10.2340/1651-226X.2025.43320

Varga, S & Steglich-Petersen, A 2025, 'Balancing Concerns: AI and Moral Agency in Medicine', JAMA Cardiology, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 401-402. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2024.5696

Tenhunen, SR 2025, 'Balancing genetic gain and diversity in dairy cattle breeding schemes in the genomics era', Aarhus University.

Guardia, G, Abalos, D, Ribatti, E, Ardenti, F, Capra, F, Mortella, G, Tabaglio, V, Ibáñez, MÁ, Chen, J & Fiorini, A 2025, 'Balancing legume-cereal proportions in cover crop mixtures to minimize N₂O emissions', Geoderma, vol. 454, 117195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117195

Nair, N, Pillai, A, Rizzoli, R, Lakhotiya, H , Nylandsted Larsen, A & Balling, P 2025, 'Balancing light-trapping and defect minimization in ultrathin amorphous silicon solar cells using dual p-layer architecture', Nanotechnology, vol. 36, no. 21, 215301. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/adcf2d

De Lauretis, A, Eriksson Agger, A, Pal, A , Skov Pedersen, J, Szostak, SM, Lund, R, Lyngstadaas, SP, Ellingsen, JE, Linke, D & Haugen, HJ 2025, 'Balancing sterilization and functional properties in Poloxamer 407 hydrogels: comparing heat and radiation techniques', Regenerative Biomaterials, vol. 12, rbaf005. https://doi.org/10.1093/rb/rbaf005

Schumacher, E (ed.) & Heß, C 2025, Baltic Peripeties: The Power of Narration and the Making of Regions. V&R unipress, Göttingen. https://doi.org/10.14220/9783737017008

Szebeni, Z, Hartikainen, I, Schmalenberger, S & Cole, M 2025, 'Banana Populism: Exploring the Emotionally Engaging, Authentic, and Memeable Rhetoric of Populist Visual Communication', Social Media and Society, vol. 11, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251313847

Krogh, M 2025, Bandcamp. in Lex: Danmarks Nationalleksikon. Foreningen Lex.dk. <https://lex.dk/Bandcamp>

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Lise Refstrup Linnebjerg Pedersen