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Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Al-Hamdani, Z, Skar, S, Jensen, JB, Rödel, LG, Pjetursson, B, Bennike, O, Oxfeldt Jensen, GC, Rasmussen, MB, Dahl, K, Koefoed Rømer, J, Göke, C, Bruhn, A & Lundsteen, S 2015, Marin habitatkortlægning i Skagerrak og Nordsøen 2015.
Bürkle, A, Moreno-Villanueva, M, Bernhard, J, Blasco, M, Zondag, G, Hoeijmakers, JHJ, Toussaint, O, Grubeck-Loebenstein, B, Mocchegiani, E, Collino, S, Gonos, ES, Sikora, E, Gradinaru, D, Dollé, M, Salmon, M, Kristensen, P, Griffiths, HR, Libert, C, Grune, T, Breusing, N, Simm, A, Franceschi, C, Capri, M, Talbot, D, Caiafa, P, Friguet, B, Slagboom, PE, Hervonen, A, Hurme, M & Aspinall, R 2015, 'MARK-AGE biomarkers of ageing', Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, vol. 151, pp. 2-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2015.03.006
Nielsen, MJ, Kazankov, K, Leeming, DJ, Karsdal, MA, Krag, A, Barrera, F, McLeod, D, George, J & Grønbæk, H 2015, 'Markers of Collagen Remodeling Detect Clinically Significant Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. e0137302. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137302
Nielsen, LR & Kristensen, AR 2015, Markov decision processes to model livestock systems. in LM Plà-Aragonés (ed.), Handbook of Operations Research in Agriculture and the Agri-Food Industry. Springer, New York, International Series in Operations Research and Management Science, vol. 224, pp. 419-454. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2483-7_19
Asmussen, S, Lipsky, L & Thompson, S 2015, Markov renewal methods in RESTART problems in complex systems. in M Podolskij, R Stelzer, S Thorbjørnsen & AED Veraart (eds), The Fascination of Probability, Statistics, and their Applications: In Honour of Ole E. Barndorff-Nielsen. Springer, pp. 501-527. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25826-3_23
Asmussen, S, Lipsky, L & Thompson, S 2015 'Markov Renewal Methods in Restart Problems in Complex Systems' Thiele Research Reports, no. 01, T.N. Thiele Centre, Department of Mathematics, Aarhus University. <http://math.au.dk/publs?publid=1034>
Asmussen, S, Lipsky, L & Thompson, S 2015, Markov Renewal Methods in Restart Problems in Complex Systems. in M Podolskij, R Stelzer, S Thorbjørnsen & DAE Veraart (eds), The Fascination of Probability, Statistics and their Applications: In Honour of Ole E. Barndorff-Nielsen. Springer, Cham, pp. 501-527. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25826-3_23
Løfting, C 2015, Marokko, Frankrig og første verdenskrig. in NA Sørensen & U Østergård (eds), Langt fra Vestfronten: Første verdenskrig i Middelhavsomådet. Forlaget Orbis, København, pp. 29-41.
Pedersen, EMW 2015, Marriage as Matrix, Metaphor or Mysticism: The Heterogeneity of Love in Julia Kristeva's Tales of Love between Bernard and Bataille. in J Cézar Adam & A Reblin (eds), Religião, Mídia e Cultura. Sinodal, São Leopoldo, Brasilien, pp. 385-394, International Congress on Religion, Media, and Culture, São Leopoldo, Brazil, 08/09/2014.
Bloksgaard, L, Christensen, AD, Jensen, SQ, Hansen, CD, Kyed, M & Nielsen, KJ 2015, 'Masculinity Ideals in a Contemporary Danish Context', NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 152-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/08038740.2015.1046918
Nielsen, KH 2015, Maskingeværet. in H Kragh & KH Nielsen (eds), 50 opfindelser: Højdepunkter i teknologien. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, pp. 99-103.
Christensen, A-D, Kyed, M, Hansen, CD, Jensen, SQ, Bloksgaard, L & Nielsen, KJ 2015, 'Maskulinitet og sikkerhed blandt ambulancereddere og slagteriarbejdere', Tidsskrift for Arbejdsliv, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 78-93.
Christensen, A-D, Kyed, M, Hansen, CD, Jensen, SQ, Bloksgaard, L & Nielsen, KJ 2015, 'Maskulinitet og sikkerhed i to mandedominerede brancher', Tidsskrift for Arbejdsliv, vol. 17, no. 1, 1, pp. 78-93.
Koefoed, NJ 2015, Maskulint medborgerskab: Politisk og deltagende medborgerskab i Danmark mellem 1849-1915. in KH Nordberg, H Roll-Hansen, E Sandmo & HS (eds), Myndighet og medborgerskap: Festskrift til Gro Hagemann på 70-årsdagen 3. september 2015. Novus forlag, pp. 31-43.
Haubuf, M & Storm, JO 2015, 'Masquelets teknik anvendt efter åben femurfraktur med infektion og osteomyelitis', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 177, no. 29.
Weber, RWS 2015, 'Masser af resistens i gråskimmel på jordbær', Gartner Tidende, vol. 131, no. 7, pp. 20-21.
Bregnballe, T, Amstrup, O, Bak, M, Clausen, P, Pedersen, KK & Laursen, K 2015, 'Masser af vandfugle i Skjern Enge', Dansk Ornitologisk Forenings Tidsskrift, vol. 109, pp. 1-2.
Petersen, G, Cuenca, A, Møller, IM & Seberg, O 2015, 'Massive gene loss in mistletoe (Viscum, Viscaceae) mitochondria', Scientific Reports, vol. 5, 17588. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17588
Pastorello, A, Benetti, S, Brown, PJ, Tsvetkov, DY, Inserra, C, Taubenberger, S, Tomasella, L, Fraser, M, Rich, DJ, Botticella, MT, Bufano, F, Cappellaro, E, Ergon, M, Gorbovskoy, ES, Harutyunyan, A, Huang, F, Kotak, R, Lipunov, VM, Magill, L, Miluzio, M, Morrell, N, Ochner, P, Smartt, SJ, Sollerman, J, Spiro, S, Stritzinger, MD, Turatto, M, Valenti, S, Wang, X, Wright, DE, Yurkov, VV, Zampieri, L & Zhang, T 2015, 'Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium - IV. Transitional Type Ibn supernovae', Royal Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices, vol. 449, no. 2, pp. 1921-1940. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2745
Pastorello, A, Hadjiyska, E, Rabinowitz, D, Valenti, S, Turatto, M, Fasano, G, Benitez-Herrera, S, Baltay, C, Benetti, S, Botticella, MT, Cappellaro, E, Elias-Rosa, N, Ellman, N, Feindt, U, Filippenko, AV, Fraser, M, Gal-Yam, A, Graham, ML, Howell, DA, Inserra, C, Kelly, PL, Kotak, R, Kowalski, M, McKinnon, R, Morales-Garoffolo, A, Nugent, PE, Smartt, SJ, Smith, KW, Stritzinger, MD, Sullivan, M, Taubenberger, S, Walker, ES, Yaron, O & Young, DR 2015, 'Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium - VI: Observations of two distant Type Ibn supernova candidates discovered by La Silla-QUEST', Royal Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices, vol. 449, no. 2, pp. 1954-1966. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv335
Anneberg, I, Herskin, MS, Munksgaard, L, Rousing, T & Sørensen, JT 2015, Master education in the assessment of farm animal welfare - a recent Danish initiative. in Improving Pig Welfare - what are the ways forward?. pp. 116-116, International conference on pig welfare: Improving pig welfare – what are the ways forward?, Copenhagen, Denmark, 29/04/2015.
Damgaard, CK & Sørensen, HK, Master student Pernille Kynde, 2015, Pictures, Video and sound recordings (digital). <http://youtu.be/Z_mhVERA4fs>
Leer, J 2015, Matador Mix mysteriet: Tal en smag! Om det didaktiske potentiale af Matador Mix! in S Højlund (ed.), Smagsmysteriet: smagen under lup. Smag for Livet Forlag, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M. email: forlag@smagforlivet.dk. Tlf: 93 50 70 71, Odense, pp. 55-60. <http://www.smagforlivet.dk/artikler/smag-03-smagsmysteriet-smagen-under-lup>
Larsen, SE & Baattrup-Pedersen, A 2015, 'Matematisk beskrivelse af Dansk Vandløbsplante Indeks', 14 p., Notat fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi (2011-2019).
Gregersen, P, Hedegaard, C, Højgaard, T & Petersen, LK 2015, Matematrix 1A, Elevbog/Web. Matematrix, 2 edn, Alinea, København.
Højgaard, T, Gregersen, P, Petersen, LK & Hedegaard, C 2015, Matematrix 1A, Lærervejledning/Web. Matematrix, 2 edn, Alinea, København.
Gregersen, P, Hedegaard, C, Højgaard, T & Petersen, LK 2015, Matematrix 1B, Elevbog/Web. Matematrix, 2 edn, Alinea, København.
Højgaard, T, Pedersen, BB, Gregersen, P & Jensen, K 2015, Matematrix 8, Grundbog/Web. Matematrix, 2 edn, Alinea, København.
Naum, M 2015, 'Material Culture and Diasporic Experiences: A Case of Medieval Hanse Merchantsin the Baltic', Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association, vol. 26, pp. 72-86. https://doi.org/10.1111/apaa.12060
McAtackney, L 2015, Materialising power struggles of political imprisonment at Long Kesh/Maze prison, Northern Ireland. in M Leone & J Knauf (eds), Historical Archaeologies of Capitalism. Second Edition. . Springer, pp. 273-291.
Sparre, K 2015, 'Material practices and journalistic devices in British media coverage of Danish TV series', TV in the Age of Transnationalisation and Transmedialisation, London, United Kingdom, 22/06/2015 - 23/06/2015.
Ovesen, PG, Jensen, DM, Damm, P, Rasmussen, S & Kesmodel, US 2015, 'Maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes: A nation-wide study', Journal of Maternal - Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, vol. 28, no. 14, pp. 1720-1724. https://doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2014.966677
Dalsgaard, S, Waltoft, BL, Leckman, JF & Mortensen, PB 2015, 'Maternal History of Autoimmune Disease and Later Development of Tourette Syndrome in Offspring', Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 495-501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2015.03.008