Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Wernberg, CW, Indira Chandran, V, Lauridsen, MM, Skytthe, MK, Hansen, CD, Hansen, JK, Grønkjær, LL, Jacobsen, BG, Di Caterino, T, Detlefsen, S, Thiele, M, Guiliani, AM, Villesen, IF, Leeming, DJ, Karsdal, M, Graversen, JH & Krag, A 2025, 'Ability of soluble TREM2 and PRO-C3 as biomarkers to predict changes in MASLD activity', JHEP Reports, vol. 7, no. 8, 101432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhepr.2025.101432

Dare, E , Kiderlen, M & Thäle, C 2025, 'A Blaschke–Petkantschin formula for linear and affine subspaces with application to intersection probabilities', Nonlinear Analysis, Theory, Methods and Applications, vol. 250, 113672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.na.2024.113672

Fristrup, T 2025, Ablenationalism and the Ablenationalist Politics of Disability in Neoliberal Societies: Cripping Empowermentality Embedded in Therapeutic Citizenship. in T Fristrup & L Sonne (eds), Internationalisation at Home : Critical Frameworks for Inclusive Global Learning., 7, Novus forlag, Oslo, pp. 169-192. <https://omp.novus.no/index.php/novus/catalog/book/41>

Krogh, M 2025, Ableton Live. in Lex: Danmarks Nationalleksikon. Foreningen Lex.dk. <https://lex.dk/Ableton_Live>

Thinggaard, F & Bartholdy, J 2025, 'Åbne inspektionsrapporter: Er oplysninger om utilstrækkelige tabshensættelser en trussel mod den finansielle stabilitet', Finans/Invest, vol. 2025, no. 2, pp. 6-12.

Mølmer, M , Thillemann, JK , Petersen, ET & Stilling, M 2025, 'Abnormal kinematics of the distal radioulnar joint due to flat bone dysplasia in nail–patella syndrome: a 3D evaluation with dynamic radiostereometry', BMJ Case Reports, vol. 18, no. 9, e266971. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2025-266971

Flæng, S , Granfeldt, A , Adelborg, K & Sørensen, HT 2025, 'ABO Blood Type and Short-Term Mortality in Patients With Infection-Associated Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation', European Journal of Haematology, Supplement, vol. 114, no. 2, pp. 285-292. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejh.14329

Bech Knudsen, L 2025, 'A Book of Waves: by Stefan Helmreich, Durham, Duke University Press, 2023, 411 pp., USD 31.95 (paperback), ISBN 9781478020417 ', Ethnos, vol. 90, no. 05, pp. 851-852. https://doi.org/10.1080/00141844.2025.2514262

Schneider, HH, Heise, J, Krizanac, AM, Falker-Gieske, C, Tetens, J, Thaller, G & Bennewitz, J 2025, About the genetic connection between milk and health traits in dairy cows within functional regions. in Book of Abstracts of the 74th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science. pp. 410, The 74th Annual Meeting of European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP), Lyon, France, 26/08/2023. <https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789086869367/BP000002.xml>

Mikkelsen, JB , Gadegaard, SL & Lysgaard, J 2026, 'A Branch-and-Cut Algorithm for the Mixed Fleet Green Vehicle Routing Problem', European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 332, no. 1, pp. 144-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2025.11.003

Shao, K, Wang, T & Wu, M 2025, 'Abrasion Damage of Concrete for Hydraulic Structures after Exposure to Freeze-thaw Cycles', I O P Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 1450, no. 1, 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1450/1/012001

Baysinger, MR, Laurent, M, Verdonen, M, Reif, J, Kumpula, T, Liebner, S & Treat, CC 2025, 'Abrupt Thaw in a Finnish Palsa: Potential CH₄ Production Driven by Vegetation Adaptation in the Transition From Permafrost to Post-Thaw Soils', Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 130, no. 9, e2025JG008847. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JG008847

Stisen, ZR, Nielsen, MR, Ditlev, SB, Jessen, LE & Skougaard, M 2025, 'ABS0210 Neuroinflammation-associated genes upregulated in PsA patients suffering from severe fatigue - a translational study incorporating single-cell transcriptomics', Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol. 84, no. suppl 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ard.2025.06.1360

Skougaard, M , Nørgaard, M, Berg, R, Møller, BK, Christensen, R, Kristensen, S, Dreyer, L, Hauge, EM , Loft, AGR, Rasch, MNB, Horn, HC, Schlemmer, A, Taylor, PC & Uhrenholt, L 2025, 'ABS0425 Torque Teno Virus in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthritis in low disease activity on biological therapies: A cross-sectional study based on the BIODOPT trial', Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol. 84, no. suppl 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ard.2025.06.1377

Pedersen, CB , Pedersen, MG , Antonsen, S , Pedersen, EM , Horsdal, HT , Debost, J-C , Mortensen, PB , Petersen, LV , Vilhjálmsson, BJ , Nielsen, JF, Due, JK, Søgaard, A, Igel, C, Thompson, WK, Fan, CC, Wray, NR, McGrath, JJ & Agerbo, E 2025, 'Absolute and relative risks of mental disorders in families: a Danish register-based study', The Lancet Psychiatry, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 590-599. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(25)00196-8

Salimi, M , Elm, J , Dantan, A & Pedersen, HB 2025, 'Absolute Saturation Vapor Pressures of Three Fatty Acid Methyl Esters around Room Temperature', ACS Omega, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 6671–6678. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c08095

Dige, M 2025, 'Absolute vs. Conditional Pacifism: A Misconceived Opposition?', Journal of Military Ethics, vol. 24, no. 3-4, pp. 335-346. https://doi.org/10.1080/15027570.2025.2597077

Klinkby, N , Rasmussen, AP, Lauridsen, AGS & Andersen, LH 2025, 'Absorption and Excited-State Coherences of Cryogenically Cold Retinal Protonated Schiff Base in Vacuo', ChemPhysChem, vol. 26, no. 3, e202400878. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.202400878

Trolle, GB , Kubečka, J & Elm, J 2025, 'Absorption and Scattering Properties of Atmospheric Molecular Clusters', The journal of physical chemistry. A, vol. 129, no. 40, pp. 9129-9138. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5c03658

Kratschmer, AK , Blicher-Mathiesen, G , Frederiksen, RR , Thorsen, M , Janss, L & Giannini-Kurina, F 2025, 'Abstract 153 Satelite imaging insights on autumn cover, catch crop establishment, and nitrogen load in Danish catchments', LuWQ2025. Land Use and Water Quality: Agriculture and the Environment , Aarhus, Denmark, 03/06/2025 - 06/06/2025.

Lissner, ES, Janns, L, Giannini-Kurina, F , Blicher-Mathiesen, G & Thorsen, M 2025, 'Abstract 154 Field-level nitrogen leadching and crop yield under extreme climate events', LuWQ2025. Land Use and Water Quality: Agriculture and the Environment , Aarhus, Denmark, 03/06/2025 - 06/06/2025.

Wienke, J & Blicher-Mathiesen, G 2025, 'Abstract 158 A machine learning approach for modeling nitrate leaching from agricultural land in Denmark', LuWQ2025. Land Use and Water Quality: Agriculture and the Environment , Aarhus, Denmark, 03/06/2025 - 06/06/2025.

Piil, K, Windolf, J , Jørgensen, TB , Andersen, HE & Kronvang, B 2025, 'Abstract 167 The establishment and use of local coastal water boards is tested in Denmark to find bottom-up solutions for RBMP 2027', LuWQ2025. Land Use and Water Quality: Agriculture and the Environment , Aarhus, Denmark, 03/06/2025 - 06/06/2025.

Thorsen, M, Thorling, L, Blicher-Mathiesen, G & Andersen, HE 2025, 'Abstract 168 Nutrient state and trend for the Danish water bodies from 35 years with national monitoring', LuWQ2025. Land Use and Water Quality: Agriculture and the Environment , Aarhus, Denmark, 03/06/2025 - 06/06/2025.

Bieger, K & Kronvang, B 2025, 'Abstract 183 Identifying site-specific opportunities for implementing nutrient reduction measures in catchments', LuWQ2025. Land Use and Water Quality: Agriculture and the Environment , Aarhus, Denmark, 03/06/2025 - 06/06/2025.

Thorling, L & Blicher-Mathiesen, G 2025, 'Abstract 1 - Multidisciplinary capacity development to improve water quality affected by agricultural pollution: An introduction to the LuWQ2025 Conference', LuWQ2025. Land Use and Water Quality: Agriculture and the Environment , Aarhus, Denmark, 03/06/2025 - 06/06/2025.

van't Veen, SGM , Larsen, SE , Andersen, PM , Ovesen, NB , Astrup Kristensen, E, Rosenstand Laugesen, J & Kronvang, B 2025, 'Abstract 22 The use of high-frequency in-situ sensor measurements of nitrate concentrations for exploring the uncertainty of monthly and annual load calculations in to headwater Danish streams', LuWQ2025. Land Use and Water Quality: Agriculture and the Environment , Aarhus, Denmark, 03/06/2025 - 06/06/2025.

Kronvang, B, Velthof, G, van der Heijden, L & Blauw, A 2025, 'Abstract 244 Finding solutions for a good ecological and chemical quality in freshwater and marine water bodies in the Baltic Sea, North Sea and Irish sea regions', LuWQ2025. Land Use and Water Quality: Agriculture and the Environment , Aarhus, Denmark, 03/06/2025 - 06/06/2025.

Højberg, AL, Thodsen, H , Børgesen, CD, Hansen, B, Hoyer, A-S, Troldborg, L & Stisen, S 2025, 'Abstract 52 - National nitrogen model for national regulation of nitrogen', LuWQ2025. Land Use and Water Quality: Agriculture and the Environment , Aarhus, Denmark, 03/06/2025 - 06/06/2025.

Carstensen, MV, Veraart, AJ, Vind Petersen, I, Wrage-Mönnig, N & Audet, J 2025, 'Abstract 55 Nitrous oxide emissions in agricultural streams: The critical influence of pH', LuWQ2025. Land Use and Water Quality: Agriculture and the Environment , Aarhus, Denmark, 03/06/2025 - 06/06/2025.

Skarbøvik, E, Fölster, J, Isidorova, A, Kamari, M, Kronvang, B, Lannergaard, E, Valkama, P & van't Veen, SGM 2025, 'Abstract 93 Using turbidity sensors to assess uncertainty in mean suspended sediment and phosphorus concentrations from infrequent water sampling', LuWQ2025. Land Use and Water Quality: Agriculture and the Environment , Aarhus, Denmark, 03/06/2025 - 06/06/2025.

Frederiksen, RR , Larsen, SE & Kronvang, B 2025, 'Abstract 98 Modelling annual total organic nitrogen concentrations in streams using machine learning at national scale', LuWQ2025. Land Use and Water Quality: Agriculture and the Environment , Aarhus, Denmark, 03/06/2025 - 06/06/2025.

Ipsen, MB , Skjøtt, ME , Arshadi, A , Poulsen, SB , Carstensen, RT , Elbæk, KJ , Korshoej, AR , B., EL , Sædder, EA , Larsen, OH , Mikkelsen, TS , Thorsen, K , Thomsen, MK & Rusan, M 2025, 'Abstract B024: Advancing precision medicine: A prospective feasibility study integrating ex vivo drug testing and genomic profiling to improve outcomes in children and adults with advanced cancers', Cancer Research, vol. 85, no. 5 supplement, B024. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.GENFUNC25-B024

Grabowski, JE & Gratz, S 2025 'Abstract Cluster Structures'.

Verdoner, SA 2025, 'ABSTRACT: Det strafferetlige legalitetsprincip i EU-retlig belysning', Tidsskrift for strafferett, vol. 25, no. 1. <https://www.scup.com/doi/10.18261/strafferett.25.1.8>

Callesen, L 2025, 'ABSTRACT: It-kriminalitet', Tidsskrift for strafferett, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 364-364.

Lysdahlgaard, S, Blauenfeldt, R , Andersen, G , Mikkelsen, IK , Hougaard, KD , Gude, MF & Dalby, RB 2025, 'Abstract WMP9: The Effect Of Remote Ischemic Conditioning On Acute Infarct Growth In Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke - Subgroup Analysis From The RESIST Trial', 2025 International Stroke Conference, 30/01/2025.

Blauenfeldt, R, Waller, J, Drasbek, KR, Bech Nørgaard, J, Hvas, A-M , Larsen, JB , Andersen, MN , Nielsen, MC , Sørensen, MK, Kjeldsen, MD, Gude, MF, Khan, MB, Baban, B, Andersen, G & Hess, DC 2025, 'Abstract WP20: The Effect Of Remote Ischemic Conditioning On The Form And Function Of Red Blood Cells In Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke', 2025 International Stroke Conference, 30/01/2025.

Bilgin, A, Andersen, G, Cehov, B, Gude, MF , Ørskov, KM , Hjort, N , Foldager Hindsholm, M , Pedersen, NL, Valentin, JB, F. Homburg, A-M, Modrau, B, Behrndtz, AB, von Weitzel-Mudersbach, P, Johnsen, SP, Hess, DC, Simonsen, CZ & Blauenfeldt, R 2025, 'Abstract WP223: The effect of Remote Ischemic Condition in patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage: a subgroup analysis from the RESIST trial', 2025 International Stroke Conference, 30/01/2025.

Jensen, NM , Vitic, Z , Antorini, MR , Viftrup, TB, Parkkinen, L & Jensen, PH 2025, 'Abundant non-inclusion α-synuclein pathology in Lewy body-negative LRRK2-mutant cases', Acta Neuropathologica, vol. 149, no. 1, 41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-025-02871-w

Nordic OCD and Related Disorders Consortium (NORDiC) 2025, 'A burden of rare copy number variants in obsessive-compulsive disorder', Molecular Psychiatry, vol. 30, no. 4, 230, pp. 1510-1517. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-024-02763-7

Calloe, K, Cordeiro, JM, Frederiksen, TC , Lildballe, DL, Sathyanarayanan, U, Carranza, JML & Jensen, HK 2025, 'A CACNB2b variant causing reduced CaV1.2 current in monozygotic twin brothers with Brugada syndrome', HeartRhythm Case Reports, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 1309-1314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrcr.2025.09.006

Brøgger, K & Zangrandi, E 2025, 'Academic Freedom in the Politicocene: Erosion and co-optation in a European perspective', CIES 2025 (Comparative and International Education Society) , Chicago, United States, 22/03/2025 - 26/03/2025.

Eskildsen, JK & Obel, B 2025, Academic leadership: the Danish case. in A Lindgreen, A Irwin & FP (eds), How to Lead Academic Departments Successfully. 2 edn, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 352-362. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035333387

Baresi, U, Baum, CM, Fischer, TB, Lockie, S, Piggott-McKellar, A, Graham, V, Bohensky, E, Fritz, LB, Shumway, N, Harrison, DP, Foster, R, Sovacool, BK, Vella, K & Ristovski, Z 2025, 'A call for strategic assessments of regional applications of solar radiation management: Exploring the challenges and opportunities from marine cloud brightening and albedo surface modification', Environmental Impact Assessment Review, vol. 110, 107701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2024.107701

Nascimento, FA, Hirsch, LJ, Kaplan, PW, Husain, A, Schomer, D & Beniczky, S 2025, 'A Call for the Inclusion of Standardized Filter Parameters in the ACNS Standardized Critical Care EEG Terminology', Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNP.0000000000001180

Veyhe, SR, Hansen, MH, Cédile, O, Møller, MB, Nielsen, MK, Thomassen, M, Juul-Jensen, K, Frederiksen, H, Dybkær, K & Nyvold, CG 2025, 'A Case-Driven Multi-Omics Analysis for Longitudinal Ibrutinib Response Evaluation of Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia', European Journal of Haematology, Supplement, vol. 114, no. 6, pp. 973-981. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejh.14397

Bor, D & Bor, MV 2025, 'A case of atypical infantile de novo antiphospholipid syndrome presenting with neonatal ischemic stroke without any triggering risk factors as a “second hit” and review of the literature', Immunologic Research, vol. 73, no. 1, 53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-025-09605-w

Muntean, I, Frasheri, M & Munaro, T 2025, 'A Case Study on the Application of Digital Twins for Enhancing CPS Operations', Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science, EPTCS, vol. 418, pp. 24-31. https://doi.org/10.4204/EPTCS.418.3

Hersh, TA, Jadoul, Y, Gamba, M, Ravignani, A & Favaro, L 2025, 'Accelerando and crescendo in African penguin ecstatic display songs', Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 1549, no. 1, pp. 112-119. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15383

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Lise Refstrup Linnebjerg Pedersen