Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Baudoin, F, Ouyang, C & Zhang, X 2015, 'Varadhan estimates for rough differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motions', Stochastic Processes and Their Applications, vol. 125, no. 2, pp. 634-652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spa.2014.09.012

Olesen, BW, Pedersen, JT & Einarsen, SL 2015, Varanasi: Hinduismens brændpunkt.

Pedersen, JTR, Einarsen, SL & Olesen, BW 2015, Varanasi: Hinduismens brændpunkt. vol. 1, 1 edn, Systime, Aarhus. <http://varanasi.systime.dk/index.php?id=8&redirect_url=index.php%3Fid%3D119&pageId=119>

Holm, L 2015, "Var är din rygg?": en analys av språklig bedömningspraktik på förskolar i Danmark. in G Åsén (ed.), Utvärdring och pedagogisk bedömning i förskolan. Liber, Stockholm, pp. 186-197.

Koefoed, NJ 2015, Var der følelser i reformationen?.

Meikle, WG, Holst, N, Cook, SC & Patt, JM 2015, 'Variability in Small Hive Beetle (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) Reproduction in Laboratory and Field Experiments', Journal of Economic Entomology, vol. 108, no. 3. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tov101

Sheldon, C , Seidenkrantz, M-S, Frandsen, P, Jacobsen, HV , Van Nieuwenhove, N , Solignac, S , Pearce, C , Palitzsch, MG & Kuijpers, A 2015, 'Variable influx of West Greenland Current water into the Labrador Current through the last 8000 years, based on a multiproxy study from Trinity Bay, NE Newfoundland', Arktos, vol. 1, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41063-015-0010-z

Müllertz, KM & Jensen, HK 2015, 'Variable primary phenotypic manifestations in a rare familial form of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy', EP Europace. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euv221

Nardiello, D, Bedin, LR, Nascimbeni, V, Libralato, M, Cunial, A, Piotto, G, Bellini, A, Borsato, L, Brogaard, K, Granata, V, Malavolta, L, Marino, AF, Milone, AP, Ochner, P, Ortolani, S, Tomasella, L, Clemens, M & Salaris, M 2015, 'Variable stars in two open clusters within the Kepler/K2-Campaign-0 field: M₃₅ and NGC 2158', Royal Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices, vol. 447, no. 4, pp. 3536-3547. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2697

Maia, RP, Labouriau, R & Demétrio, CGB 2015, 'Variance component estimation on Competing risk analysis with masked causes and gaussian random components: A simulation study.', 60th ISI World Statistics Congress, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 26/07/2015 - 31/08/2015.

Duell, EJ, Bonet, C, Muñoz, X, Lujan-Barroso, L, Weiderpass, E, Boutron-Ruault, M-C, Racine, A, Severi, G, Canzian, F, Rizzato, C, Boeing, H, Overvad, K, Tjønneland, A, Argüelles, M, Sánchez-Cantalejo, E, Chamosa, S, Huerta, JM, Barricarte, A, Khaw, K-T, Wareham, N, Travis, RC, Trichopoulou, A, Trichopoulos, D, Yiannakouris, N, Palli, D, Agnoli, C, Tumino, R, Naccarati, A, Panico, S, Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB, Siersema, PD, Peeters, PHM, Ohlsson, B, Lindkvist, B, Johansson, I, Ye, W, Johansson, M, Fenger, C, Riboli, E, Sala, N & González, CA 2015, 'Variation at ABO histo-blood group and FUT loci and diffuse and intestinal gastric cancer risk in a European population', International Journal of Cancer, vol. 136, no. 4, pp. 880-93. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29034

Hjertholm, P , Fenger-Grøn, M , Vestergaard, M , Christensen, MB , Borre, M , Møller, H & Vedsted, P 2015, 'Variation in general practice prostate-specific antigen testing and prostate cancer outcomes: An ecological study', International Journal of Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29008

Dalgaard, TS , Norup, LR , Kjærup, RB , Ulrich-Lynge, SL & Juul-Madsen, HR 2015, 'Variation in peripheral leucocyte counts between chicken lines differing in genetic disease resistance', 5th European Veterinary Immunology Workshop, Vienna, Austria, 02/09/2015 - 04/09/2015.

Guldbrandtsen, B , Hansen, MB & Sahana, G 2015, Variation in the cattle genome - what it does and what it means. in Book of Abstract of the 66th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science. vol. 21, Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, EAAP Book of Abstracts, pp. 150-150, 66th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science, Warsaw, Poland, 31/08/2015. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-816-2

Tabatabaeifar, S , Frost, P , Andersen, JH , Jensen, LD, Thomsen, JF & Svendsen, SW 2015, 'Varicose veins in the lower extremities in relation to occupational mechanical exposures: a longitudinal study', Occupational & Environmental Medicine, vol. 72, pp. 330-337. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2014-102495

Løkke, MM, Engelbrecht, R & Wiking, L 2015, 'Varmebehandling af råmælk og sødmælk til kalve', Magasinet KVÆG, pp. 38-39.

Bertelsen, MG 2015, 'Varmt vand kan bekæmpe råd i pærer', Gartner Tidende, vol. 131, no. 5, pp. 44.

Holm, BK 2015, Var reformationen allerede begyndt for 500 år siden?. <http://reformation.au.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/nyhed/artikel/var-reformationen-allerede-begyndt-for-500-aar-siden/>

Nielsen, PO, Andresen, J-BR & Thorsen, MS 2015, 'Vasagård på Bornholm – palisader, solsten og et 4.900 år gammelt, dekoreret kulthus', Nationalmuseets Arbejdsmark, vol. 2015, pp. 50-63.

Jensen, L, Gejl, KD, Ørtenblad, N & Frandsen, U 2015, 'Vascular endothelial growth factor in skeletal muscle following glycogen-depleting exercise in humans'.

Lykke, K, Assentoft, M, Fenton, RA, Rosenkilde, MM & MacAulay, N 2015, 'Vasopressin receptors V1a and V2 are not osmosensors', Physiological Reports, vol. 3, no. 8. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12519

Kortenoeven, MLA , Pedersen, NB, Rosenbaek, LL & Fenton, RA 2015, 'Vasopressin regulation of sodium transport in the distal nephron and collecting duct', American Journal of Physiology: Renal Physiology, vol. 309, no. 4, pp. F280-99. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00093.2015

Coppedge, M, Gerring, J, Lindberg, S, Skaaning, S-E, Teorell, J, Altman, D, Bernhard, M, Fish, S, Glynn, A, Hicken, A, Knutsen, CH, McMann, K, Paxton, P, Pemstein, D, Staton, J, Zimmerman, B, Andersson, F, Mechkova, V & Miri, F 2015, V-Dem Codebook v5. <https://www.v-dem.net/media/filer_public/ac/f6/acf6adb8-6a39-4db6-b1c3-d8fadd61f6b0/codebook_v5.pdf>

Coppedge, M, Gerring, J, Lindberg, S, Skaaning, S-E & Teorell, J 2015, V-Dem Comparisons and Contrasts with Other Measurement Projects. <https://www.v-dem.net/media/filer_public/e7/a6/e7a638e3-358c-4b96-9197-e1496775d280/comparisons_and_contrasts_v5.pdf>

Coppedge, M, Gerring, J, Lindberg, S, Skaaning, S-E, Teorell, J & Ciobanu, V 2015, V-Dem Country Coding Units v5. <https://www.v-dem.net/media/filer_public/1e/99/1e99ddbc-4069-4c64-a33b-f8c210e01fbf/country_coding_units_v5.pdf>

Coppedge, M, Gerring, J, Lindberg, S, Skaaning, S-E, Teorell, J, Andersson, F, Marquardt, K, Mechkova, V, Miri, F, Pemstein, D, Pernes, J, Stepanova, N, Tzelgov, E & Wang, Y 2015, V-Dem Methodology v5. <https://www.v-dem.net/media/filer_public/03/4e/034edc38-7dc5-4c0e-b80b-a40821bbb39a/methodology_v5.pdf>

Coppedge, M, Gerring, J, Lindberg, S, Teorell, J, Skaaning, S-E, Andersson, F, Mechkova, V, Pernes, J & Stepanova, N 2015, V-Dem Organization and Management v5. <https://www.v-dem.net/media/filer_public/73/2e/732ed2d1-22a5-41f8-b76a-3c727cfbd6da/orgmangement_v5.pdf>

Oda, T, Yamamoto, Y, Nakakoji, K, Araki, K & Larsen, PG 2015, VDM Animation for a Wider Range of Stakeholders. in Proceedings of the 13th Overture Workshop. vol. Grace-TR 2015-06, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Tokyo, Grace Technical Reports, no. 06, vol. 2015, pp. 18-32, 13th Overture workshop, Oslo, Norway, 23/06/2015. <http://grace-center.jp/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/13thOverture-Proceedings.pdf>

Oda, T, Araki, K & Larsen, PG 2015, VDMPad: A Lightweight IDE for Exploratory VDM-SL Specification. in Proceedings of the Third FME Workshop on Formal Methods in Software Engineering: Formalise 2015. vol. 2015, 7166695, IEEE, pp. 33-39, 3rd FME Workshop on Formal Methods in Software Engineering, Formalise 2015, Florence, Italy, 18/05/2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/FormaliSE.2015.13

Sørensen, AC & Kargo, M 2015, 'Vedr. bestillingen: Hvordan påvirker produktionsmiljøet husdyrracer-nes arvemasse', no. 1541567, 2 p., Oct 26, 2015..

Lund, P 2015, 'Vedrørende beregning af type 2 korrektion, kvælstof, for ammekøer', no. 1408094, 1 p., Mar 04, 2015..

Johannsen, E, Baumgartner-Nielsen, J & Meinert, M 2015, 'Ved smerter i underlivet er deskvamativ inflammatoriskvaginitis en vigtig differentialdiagnose', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 177, no. 23, pp. V12140693.

Liisberg, S 2015, 'Veena Das, Michael Jackson, Arthur Kleinman, Bhrigupati Singh (Eds.): The Ground Between: Anthropologists Engage Philosophy. Duke University Press, 2014', Anthropos: internationale Zeitschrift für Völker- und Sprachenkunde., vol. 210, no. 2, pp. 609-610.

Johansson, LS & Sortkjær, L 2015, Vegetation i søer: Datateknisk anvisning nr. DS01 fra Aarhus Universitet, DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, Fagdatacenter for Ferskvand). Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy.

Odgaard, BV 2015, Vegetationshistorie i Danmark. in P Hartvig & P Vestergaard (eds), Atlas Flora Danica. 1 edn, vol. 1, Gyldendal, København, pp. 13-24.

Peyre, G , Balslev, H, Marti, D, Sklenar, P, Ramsay, P, Lozano, P, Cuello, N, Bussmann, R, Cabrera, O & Font, X 2015, 'VegParamo, a flora and vegetation database for the Andean paramo', Phytocoenologia, vol. 45, no. 1-2, pp. 195-201. https://doi.org/10.1127/phyto/2015/0045

Berndsen, M 2015, 'Vejen – et eksempel på livets gang', Religionslæreren.

Jensen, NR 2015, 'Vejen fra mål til midler er uklar', Dansk Pædagogisk Tidsskrift, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 101-102.

Bylling , TR, Døssing, DM & Graumann, O 2015, 'Vejen mod CT-vejledt cryobehandling af små nyretumorer', Radiografen, vol. Oktober 2015.

Pedersen, EMW, Vejen til frelse: Hvad er frelse i et teologisk og et nutidigt perspektiv, 2015, Interactive production. <http://www.esrum.dk/saerudstilling-2014/>

Eika, B , Wichmann-Hansen, G, Hofgaard Lycke, K & Handal, G 2015, Vejledning af læger under uddannelse. Munksgaard , København. <http://munksgaard.dk/Medicin/Vejledning-af-yngre-l%C3%A6ger/9788762804197>

Søndergaard, M , Lauridsen, TL, Jensen, HS, Egemose, S & Reitzel, K 2015, Vejledning for gennemførelse af sørestaurering. Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, no. 149, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy.

Jensen, JE, Jensen, PK , Jørgensen, LN, Nielsen, GC, Nielsen, SF & Paaske, K 2015, Vejledning i planteværn 2015. SEGES Forlag.

Plant, P 2015, Vejledning i statsmagtens hånd.

Sørensen, AD 2015, Vejledning til litteraturen om eksistentiel fænomenologi og psykoterapi. in AD Sørensen & KD Keller (eds), Psykoterapi og eksistentiel fænomenologi. Aalborg Universitetsforlag, Aalborg, Skriftserie om eksistentiel fænomenologi, no. 3, pp. 331-390.

Møller, HL, Arnbak, E , Petersen, DK, Poulsen, M, Juul, H & Elbro, C 2015, Vejledning til Ordblindetesten.nu. <http://ordblindetest.nu/vejleder>

Boertmann, D , Wegeberg, S & Nymand, J 2015, 'Vejledning til udarbejdelse af scope of project om off shore petroleumsaktiviteter', 4 p..

Olesen, JE 2015, 'Vejrets påvirkning af kornhøsten 2015', no. 1498712, 2 p., Aug 24, 2015..

Agerholm, FJ 2015, 'Vel færden, den sunde levemåde og foregribelsen: en dystopisk tendenskritik', Gjallerhorn : tidsskrift for professionsstudier, no. 20, pp. 60-69. <http://www.via.dk/~/media/VIA/dk/om-via/presse/dokumenter/publikationer/gjallerhorn/gjallerhorn-20-sundhed-og-sundhedspolitikker.pdf>

Thorup, M , Bek-Thomsen, J , Christiansen, CO & Jacobsen, SG 2015, Velfærdens Vogtere. <http://baggrund.com/velfaerdens-vogtere/>

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