Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Jørgensen, J-E & Hansen, TC 2015, 'Pressure-induced successive magnetic and structural phase transitions in Fe_1.087Te', European Physical Journal B. Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, vol. 88, no. 5, 88:119. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2015-50713-6

Schjørring, O, Carlsson, R & Simonsen, U 2015, Pressure Myography to Study the Function and Structure of isolated small arteries. in Springer Protocols: Methods In Mouse Atherosclerosis. Humana Press.

Nieto-Gonzalez, JL , Holm, MM , Vardya, I , Christensen, T , Wiborg, O & Jensen, K 2015, 'Presynaptic Plasticity as a Hallmark of Rat Stress Susceptibility and Antidepressant Response', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 3.

Raundal, PM, Andersen, PH, Toft, N, Herskin, MS, Forkman, B, Munksgaard, L, dePasillé, AM & Rushen, J 2015, 'Pre-test habituation improves the reliability of a handheld test of mechanical nociceptive threshold in dairy cows', Research in Veterinary Science, vol. 102, pp. 189-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.07.020

Berntsen, D & Rubin, D 2015, 'Pretraumatic stress reactions in soldiers deployed to Afghanistan', Clinical Psychological Science, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 663-674. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702614551766

Dãrãbana, I-M, Rosendahl, LA, Pedersen, TH & Iversen, SB 2015, 'Pretreatment methods to obtain pumpable high solid loading wood–water slurries for continuous hydrothermal liquefaction systems', Biomass & Bioenergy, vol. 81, pp. 437–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.07.004

Køllgaard, T, Ugurel-Becker, S, Idorn, M, Andersen, MH, Becker, JC & Straten, PT 2015, 'Pre-Vaccination Frequencies of Th17 Cells Correlate with Vaccine-Induced T-Cell Responses to Survivin-Derived Peptide Epitopes', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. e0131934. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131934

Jóhannesdóttir, SA , Heide-Jørgensen, U, Manthripragada, AD & Ehrenstein, V 2015, 'Prevalence and characteristics of patients with low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in northern Denmark: a descriptive study', Clinical epidemiology, vol. 7, pp. 201-12. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S77676

Thapa, S, Hinrichsen, LK, Brenninkmeyer, C, Gunnarsson, S, Heerkens, JLT, Verwer, C, Niebuhr, K, Willett, A, Grilli, G, Thamsborg, SM, Sørensen, JT & Mejer, H 2015, 'Prevalence and magnitude of helminth infections in organic laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) across Europe', Veterinary Parasitology, vol. 214, no. 1-2, pp. 118-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.10.009

SUP-ICU co-authors 2015, 'Prevalence and outcome of gastrointestinal bleeding and use of acid suppressants in acutely ill adult intensive care patients', Intensive Care Medicine, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 833-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-015-3725-1

Johansen, A, Kanijo, B, Fredheim, S, Olsen, B, Hertz, B , Lauridsen, MH, Andersen, M, Mortensen, H, Svensson, J & the Danish Society for Diabetes in Childhood 2015, 'Prevalence and predictors of severe hypoglycemia in Danish children and adolescents with diabetes', Pediatric Diabetes, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 354-360. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12171

Rolandsson, O, Hampe, CS, Wennberg, P, Radtke, J, Langenberg, C, Wareham, N & EPIC-InterAct Study Group (Kim Overvad; member) 2015, 'Prevalence and Regional Distribution of Autoantibodies Against GAD65Ab in a European Population Without Diabetes: The EPIC-InterAct Study', Diabetes Care, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. e114-5. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc15-0305

Wlodarski, MW, Hirabayashi, S, Pastor, V, Starý, J, Hasle, H, Masetti, R, Dworzak, M, Schmugge, M, van den Heuvel-Eibrink, M, Ussowicz, M, De Moerloose, B, Catala, A, Smith, OP, Sedlacek, P, Lankester, AC, Zecca, M, Bordon, V, Matthes-Martin, S, Abrahamsson, J, Kühl, JS, Sykora, K-W, Albert, MH, Przychodzien, B, Maciejewski, J, Schwarz, S, Göhring, G, Schlegelberger, B, Cseh, A, Noellke, P, Yoshimi, A, Locatelli, F, Baumann, I, Strahm, B & Niemeyer, CM 2015, 'Prevalence, clinical characteristics and prognosis of GATA2-related myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in children and adolescents', Blood. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2015-09-669937

Baber, U, Mehran, R, Sartori, S, Schoos, MM, Sillesen, H, Muntendam, P, Garcia, MJ, Gregson, J, Pocock, S, Falk, E & Fuster, V 2015, 'Prevalence, Impact, and Predictive Value of Detecting Subclinical Coronary and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic Adults: The BioImage Study', Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 65, no. 11, pp. 1065-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.01.017

Groth, KA, Hove, H, Kyhl, K, Folkestad, L, Gaustadnes, M, Vejlstrup, N, Krag, KS , Østergaard, JR , Andersen, NH & Gravholt, CH 2015, 'Prevalence, incidence, and age at diagnosis in Marfan Syndrome', Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, vol. 10, pp. 153. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-015-0369-8

Brooks, DJ & Amyloid PET Study Group 2015, 'Prevalence of amyloid PET positivity in dementia syndromes: a meta-analysis', JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 313, no. 19, pp. 1939-1949. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.4669

Bislev, LS, Bruun, BJ, Gregersen, S & Knudsen, ST 2015, 'Prevalence of cancer in Danish patients referred to a fast-track diagnostic pathway is substantial', Danish Medical Journal, vol. 62, no. 9.

Jensen, AS, Idorn, L, Thomsen, C, von der Recke, P, Mortensen, J, Sørensen, KE, Thilén, U, Nagy, E, Kofoed, KF, Ostrowski, SR & Søndergaard, L 2015, 'Prevalence of cerebral and pulmonary thrombosis in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease', Heart, vol. 101, no. 19, pp. 1540-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2015-307657

Bjerggaard, M, Charles, M, Kristensen, E, Lauritzen, T , Sandbæk, A & Giraldi, A 2015, 'Prevalence of Sexual Concerns and Sexual Dysfunction among Sexually Active and Inactive Men and Women with Screen-Detected Type 2 Diabetes', Journal of Sexual Medicine, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 302-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/sm2.91

Pedersen, MB, Giraldi, A, Kristensen, E, Lauritzen, T , Sandbæk, A & Charles, M 2015, 'Prevalence of sexual desire and satisfaction among patients with screen-detected diabetes and impact of intensive multifactorial treatment: Results from the ADDITION-Denmark study', Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 3-10. https://doi.org/10.3109/02813432.2014.1002295

Gyawali, B, Sharma, R, Neupane, D, Mishra, SR, van Teijlingen, E & Kallestrup, P 2015, 'Prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Nepal: a systematic review and meta-analysis from 2000 to 2014', Global Health Action, vol. 8, pp. 29088. <http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v8.29088>

Neupane, D, Panthi, B, McLachlan, CS, Mishra, SR, Kohrt, BA & Kallestrup, P 2015, 'Prevalence of Undiagnosed Depression among Persons with Hypertension and Associated Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Nepal', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. e0117329. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117329

Petersen, NK, Jørgensen, AW & Ovesen, T 2015, 'Prevalence of various etiologies of hearing loss among cochlear implant recipients: Systematic review and meta-analysis', International Journal of Audiology, vol. 54, no. 12, pp. 924-32. https://doi.org/10.3109/14992027.2015.1091094

Petersen, NK , Jørgensen, AW & Ovesen, T 2015, 'Prevalence of various etiologies of hearing loss among cochlear implant recipients: Systematic review and meta-analysis', International Journal of Audiology, vol. 54, no. 12, pp. 924-932. https://doi.org/10.3109/14992027.2015.1091094

Olsen, A, Frankena, K, Bødker, R, Toft, N, Thamsborg, SM, Enemark, HL & Halasa, T 2015, 'Prevalence, risk factors and spatial analysis of liver fluke infections in Danish cattle herds', Parasites & Vectors, vol. 8, pp. 160. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-0773-x

Obeid, R, Pietrzik, K, Oakley, GP, Kancherla, V, Holzgreve, W & Wieser, S 2015, 'Preventable spina bifida and anencephaly in Europe', Birth Defects Research. Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology, vol. 103, no. 9, pp. 763-71. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdra.23400

Arosio, P, Meisl, G, Andreasen, M & Knowles, TPJ 2015, 'Preventing peptide and protein misbehavior', PNAS, vol. 112, no. 17, pp. 5267–5268.

Sugiharto, S, Jensen, BB , Jensen, KH & Lauridsen, C 2015, 'Prevention of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in pigs by dairy-based nutrition', CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, vol. 10, no. 052. https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR201510052

Kynde, A, Hjorth, P & Munk-Jørgensen, P 2015, 'Prevention of premature death of somatic causes in patients with mental illness and comorbid substance use disorder'.

Bonne, S, Steensgaard, R & Wojke, P 2015, 'Prevention of Secondary Complications Through an Adapted Nutritional Screening Model for Spinal Cord Injured Patients', International Spinal Cord Society annual scientific meeting, Montreal, Canada, 14/05/2015 - 16/05/2015.

Vettore, MV 2015, Prevention of smoking in adolescents using the common risk factor approach: the roles of dentists. in Promoting the Oral Health of Children: Theory & Practice. 2nd edn, Quintessence Publishing.

Kenney, P , Hilberg, O, Laursen, AC, Peel, RG & Sigsgaard, T 2015, 'Preventive effect of nasal filters on allergic rhinitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover park study', The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 136, no. 6, pp. 1566-1572.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.05.015

Harrits, GS & Møller, MØ 2015, 'Preventive Social Policies and Professional self images at the Street-level', Paper presented at 2nd International Conference on Public Policies (ICPP), Milan, Italy, 01/07/2015 - 04/07/2015.

Grond, K, Ntiamoa-Baidu, Y, Piersma, T & Reneerkens, J 2015, 'Prey type and foraging ecology of Sanderlings Calidris alba in different climate zones: Are tropical areas more favourable than temperate sites?', PeerJ, vol. 2015, e1125. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1125

Vetter, H & Andersen, P 2015, 'Pricing as a Risky Choice: Uncertainty and Survival in a Monopoly Market', Economics, pp. 1-21.

Markager, S & Fossing, H 2015, Primærproduktion. DCE - Teknisk anvisning fra Det Marine Fagdatacenter , no. M08, ver. 1, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. <http://bios.au.dk/videnudveksling/til-myndigheder-og-saerligt-interesserede/fagdatacentre/fdcmarintny/ta2011-2015/>

Markager, S & Fossing, H 2015, Primærproduktion. DCE - Teknisk anvisning fra Det Marine Fagdatacenter , no. M08, ver. 2, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. <http://bios.au.dk/videnudveksling/til-myndigheder-og-saerligt-interesserede/fagdatacentre/fdcmarintny/ta2011-2015/>

Holm, MP, Aggerholm-Pedersen, N, Mele, M, Jørgensen, PH , Baerentzen, S & Safwat, A 2015, 'Primary breast sarcoma: A retrospective study over 35 years from a single institution', Acta Oncologica, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 584-90. https://doi.org/10.3109/0284186X.2015.1093656

Clausen, M-L 2015, 'Primary education under pressure – the promise of community participation', The British-Yemeni Society Journal, vol. 2015, pp. 51-55.

Mogensen, TH 2015, 'Primary Immunodeficiencies with Elevated IgE', International Reviews of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.3109/08830185.2015.1027820

Knudsen, TB 2015, 'Primary Institutions and International Organizations: Theorizing continuity and change', Paper presented at 9th Pan-European Conference on International Relations, Giardini Naxos, Italy, 23/09/2015 - 26/09/2015.

Lawaetz, M, Møller-Madsen, MK & Buchwald, CV 2015, 'Primary mucosal melanomas of the Head and Neck in Denmark 1982-2012; Demographical and clinical aspects'.

Thøgersen, J, Kissner, R, Nauser, T, Koppenol, WH, Richter, B , Jensen, F , Keiding, SR & Jensen, SK 2015, 'Primary photochemistry of peroxynitrite in aqueous solution', Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 641, pp. 187-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2015.10.056

Rasmussen, MK 2015, 'Primary porcine hepatocytes as model for humans', DSFTM Annual Meeting 2015, Sønderborg, Denmark, 19/10/2015 - 20/10/2015.

Mortensen, MB , Afzal, S, Nordestgaard, BG & Falk, E 2015, 'Primary Prevention With Statins: ACC/AHA Risk-Based Approach Versus Trial-Based Approaches to Guide Statin Therapy', Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 66, no. 24, pp. 2699-709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.09.089

Friedrich, C, Warmuth-Metz, M, von Bueren, AO, Nowak, J, Bison, B, von Hoff, K, Pietsch, T, Kortmann, RD & Rutkowski, S 2015, 'Primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the brainstem in children treated according to the HIT trials: clinical findings of a rare disease', Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 227-35. https://doi.org/10.3171/2014.9.PEDS14213

Geertz, AW 2015, Primitivisme og postkolonial kritik i studiet af oprindelige folks religioner. in AW Geertz & T Jensen (eds), Religionsforskningen før og nu II: Nyere tid. vol. 2, Gyldendal, København, pp. 215-245.

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Blom-Hansen, J 2015, Principals, Agents and The Implementation of EU Cohesion Policy. in I Bache & M Flinders (eds), Multi-level Governance: Essential Readings. vol. II, Edward Elgar Publishing.

Qi, H , Zhang, X , Xu, Y, Wen, J, Xu, Y, Cheng, J, Chen, AP, Bertelsen, LB , Ringgaard, S , Laustsen, C & Stødkilde-Jørgensen, H 2015, 'Principle and application of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy', Chinese Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging , pp. 881-887.

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Lise Refstrup Linnebjerg Pedersen