Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Reestorff, CM 2019, Global inequality, provocations, and artivism: The village project Uganda. in Super Crash Hornsleth. Futilistic Society Publishing, Hellerup, pp. 58-67.

Holm, L 2019, 'Globalisation and academic literacy', Education in a globalized world, Uppsala, Sweden, 06/03/2019 - 08/03/2019.

Ozer, S 2019, 'Globalization and Extremism: A Cross-National Study of Insecure Life Attachment and Attitudes toward Cultural Globalization in regard to Extremism'.

Ozer, S, Meca, A & Schwartz, S 2019, 'Globalization and Identity Development among Emerging Adults from Ladakh', Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 515-526. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000261

Ozer, S 2019, Globalization and the proliferation of complex acculturation processes. in PF Titzmann & P Jugert (eds), Youth in superdiverse societies: growing up with globalization, diversity, and acculturation. Routledge, Abingdon, pp. 23-40. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351040266-4

Matsutmoto, A & Tachibana, M 2019, 'Global Jitter Motion of the Retinal Image Dynamically Alters the Receptive Field Properties of Retinal Ganglion Cells', Frontiers in Neuroscience, vol. 13, 979, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00979

Breen, MS, Dobbyn, A, Li, Q, Roussos, P, Hoffman, GE, Stahl, E, Chess, A, Sklar, P, Li, JB, Devlin, B, Buxbaum, JD & CommonMind Consortium 2019, 'Global landscape and genetic regulation of RNA editing in cortical samples from individuals with schizophrenia', Nature Neuroscience, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1402-1412. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-019-0463-7

Fuster, F, Kaiser-Bunbury, C, Olesen, JM & Traveset, A 2019, 'Global patterns of the double mutualism phenomenon', Ecography, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 826-835. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.04008

Okabe, M, Motojima, M, Miyazaki, Y, Pastan, I, Yokoo, T & Matsusaka, T 2019, 'Global polysome analysis of normal and injured podocytes', American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology, vol. 316, no. 2, pp. F241-F252. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00115.2018

Bacila, IA, Blankenstein, O, Neuman, U, Caahsen, HL, Miranda, MC, Mendonca, B, Birkebæk, N, Iotova, V, Ahmed, F & Krone, N 2019, 'Global practice of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid treatment in children and adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia - insight from the I-CAH registry.', Hormone Research in Paediatrics, vol. 91, no. 1, P1-10, pp. 132-33. <https://www.karger.com/Article/Pdf/501868>

Jabbari, M, Pormohammad, A, Hashemi, A & Lak, P 2019, 'Global prevalence of antibiotic resistance in blood isolated Enterococcus faecalis and faecium: A systematic review and meta-analysis', Infection and Drug Resistance, vol. 12, pp. 2713-2725. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S206084

GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators 2019, 'Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016', The Lancet Neurology, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 459-480. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30499-X

Naghavi, M & Global Burden of Disease Self-Harm Collaborators 2019, 'Global, regional, and national burden of suicide mortality 1990 to 2016: systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016', BMJ, vol. 364, l94, pp. l94. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l94

Valbjørn, M 2019, Global/Regional IR and changes in global/regional structures of Middle East international relations. in Shifting global politics and the Middle East. The Project on Middle East Political Science (POMEPS), S.l., pp. 18-22. <https://pomeps.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/POMEPS_Studies_34_Web.pdf>

Hobbs, RC, Reeves, RR, Prewitt, JS, Desportes, G, Breton-Honeyman, K, Christensen, T, Citta, JJ, Ferguson, SH, Frost, KJ, Garde, E, Gavrilo, M, Ghazal, M, Glazov, DM, Gosselin, JF, Hammill, M, Hansen, RG, Harwood, L, Heide-Jørgensen, MP, Inglangasuk, G, Kovacs, KM, Krasnova, VV, Kuznetsova, DM, Lee, DS, Lesage, V, Litovka, DI, Lorenzen, ED, Lowry, LF, Lydersen, C, Matthews, CJD, Meschersky, IG, Mosnier, A, O'corry-Crowe, G, Postma, L, Quakenbush, LT, Shpak, OV, Skovrind, M, Suydam, RS & Watt, CA 2019, 'Global Review of the Conservation Status of Monodontid Stocks', Marine Fisheries Review, vol. 81, no. 3-4, pp. 1-53. https://doi.org/10.7755/MFR.81.3-4.1

Brandt, A, Berardengo, M, Manzoni, S, Vanali, M & Cigada, A 2019, 'Global scaling of operational modal analysis modes with the OMAH method', Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 117, pp. 52-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.07.017

Borisov, D , Sheshmani, A & Yau, S-T 2019 'Global shifted potentials for moduli spaces of sheaves on CY4' ArXiv. <https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.00651>

Frewein, MPK, Rumetshofer, M & Pabst, G 2019, 'Global small-angle scattering data analysis of inverted hexagonal phases', Journal of Applied Crystallography, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 403-414. https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576719002760

Andersen, T, Quifors, S & Rasmussen, E 2019, 'Global standardization of HR? Talent management in Scandinavian MNCs in Asean', Paper presented at International Interdisciplinary Conference on HRM, Göteborg, Sweden, 03/04/2019 - 05/04/2019.

Piraino, F & Sedgwick, M 2019, Global sufism: boundaries,narratives and practices: boundaries, structures, and politics. Hurst Publishers, London.

Girardello, M, Santangeli, A, Mori, E, Chapman, A, Fattorini, S, Naidoo, R, Bertolino, S & Svenning, JC 2019, 'Global synergies and trade-offs between multiple dimensions of biodiversity and ecosystem services', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 5636. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41342-7

Fantasia, A, Adatte, T, Spangenberg, JE, Font, E, Duarte, LV & Föllmi, KB 2019, 'Global versus local processes during the Pliensbachian–Toarcian transition at the Peniche GSSP, Portugal: A multi-proxy record', Earth-Science Reviews, vol. 198, 102932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102932

Lüdemann, J, Verissimo, KM, Dreger, K, Fago, A, Schneider, I & Burmester, T 2019, 'Globin E is a myoglobin-related, respiratory protein highly expressed in lungfish oocytes', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 280. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36592-w

Seppa, K, Toots, M, Reimets, R, Jagomäe, T, Koppel, T, Pallase, M, Hasselholt, S , Krogsbæk Mikkelsen, M , Randel Nyengaard, J, Vasar, E, Terasmaa, A & Plaas, M 2019, 'GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide has a neuroprotective effect on an aged rat model of Wolfram syndrome', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 15742. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52295-2

Qi, H , Mariager, CØ , Nielsen, PM , Schroeder, M , Lindhardt, J , Nørregaard, R, Klein, JD, Sands, JM & Laustsen, C 2019, 'Glucagon infusion alters the hyperpolarized 13 C-urea renal hemodynamic signature', NMR in Biomedicine, vol. 32, no. 1, e4028, pp. e4028. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.4028

Hygum, K , Harsløf, T , Langdahl, B & Starup-Linde, J 2019, 'Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and fracture risk—limitations to current knowledge', Osteoporosis International, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 1709-1710. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-019-05013-7

Engelsmann, MCN, Hansen, CF, Nielsen, MN, Kristensen, AR & Amdi, C 2019, 'Glucose Injections at Birth,Warmth and Placing at a Nurse Sow Improve the Growth of IUGR Piglets', Animals, vol. 9, no. 8, 519. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9080519

Hulman, A, Wagner, R, Vistisen, D, Færch, K, Balkau, B, Manco, M, Golay, A, Häring, HU, Heni, M, Fritsche, A & Witte, DR 2019, 'Glucose Measurements at Various Time Points During the OGTT and Their Role in Capturing Glucose Response Patterns', Diabetes Care, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. e56-e57. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-2397

Yucel, N, Wang, YX, Mai, T, Porpiglia, E, Lund, PJ, Markov, G, Garcia, BA, Bendall, SC, Angelo, M & Blau, HM 2019, 'Glucose Metabolism Drives Histone Acetylation Landscape Transitions that Dictate Muscle Stem Cell Function', Cell Reports, vol. 27, no. 13, pp. 3939-3955.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.092

Groenbaek, M , Kidmose, U, Tybirk, E & Kristensen, HL 2019, 'Glucosinolate Content and Sensory Evaluation of Baby Leaf Rapeseed from Annual and Biennial White- and Yellow-Flowering Cultivars with Repeated Harvesting in Two Seasons', Journal of Food Science, vol. 84, no. 7, pp. 1888-1899. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.14680

Shumilina, J, Kusnetsova, A, Tsarev, A, Janse van Rensburg, HC, Medvedev, S, Demidchik, V, Van den Ende, W & Frolov, A 2019, 'Glycation of plant proteins: Regulatory roles and interplay with sugar signalling?', International Journal of Molecular Sciences , vol. 20, no. 9, 2366. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092366

Juhl, B, Lauszus, FF & Lykkesfeldt, J 2019, 'Glycemic Control during Pregnancy-A Predictor of Vitamin C Status at Labor in Type 1 Diabetic Women?', Antioxidants, vol. 8, no. 6, 153. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8060153

Muhammad, B , Prasad, R, Nisi, M & Mennella, A 2019, GNSS as enabling technology for EASY-PV and SARA Professional Applications. in 2018 21st International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications, WPMC 2018., 8713070, IEEE Computer Society Press, International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications, WPMC, vol. 2018-November, pp. 381-386, 21st International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications, WPMC 2018, Chiang Rai, Thailand, 25/11/2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/WPMC.2018.8713070

Kosterink, S, ter Stal, S, Pnevmatikakis, A, Kyriazakos, S, Pomazanskyi, A & Akker, H 2019, GOAL: An eHealth Application for Rewarding Healthy Behaviour. The First Experiences of Older Adults. in M Ziefle & L Maciaszek (eds), ICT4AWE 2019 - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health: Volume 1: ICT4AWE. SCITEPRESS Digital Library, pp. 58-66, 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health, Heraklion, Greece, 02/05/2019. https://doi.org/10.5220/0007680900580066

Esterle, L 2019, 'Goal-aware team affiliation in collectives of autonomous robots', International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems, SASO, pp. 90-99. https://doi.org/10.1109/SASO.2018.00020

Niebuhr, O & Schjødt, U 2019, God as Interlocutor - real or imaginary? Prosodic markers of dialogue speech and expected efficacy in spoken prayer . in Proc. Interspeech 2019. vol. 2019-September, International Speech Communication Association, pp. 36-40, INTERSPEECH 2019, Graz, Austria, 15/09/2019. https://doi.org/10.21437/Interspeech.2019-1193}

Pedersen, HH & Glavind, JG (eds) 2019, Gode spørgsmål, rigtige svar. Grundbog i samfundsvidenskabelig metode. in Gode spørgsmål, rigtige svar. Grundbog i samfundsvidenskabelig metode. Gyldendal.

Daugaard, LM 2019, God modersmålsdag!.

Christensen, BT , Thomsen, IK & Eriksen, J 2019, Gødskning gennem 125 år: de langvarige gødningsforsøg ved Askov Forsøgsstation: 1894-2019. DCA rapport, no. 150, DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug, Aarhus. <http://web.agrsci.dk/djfpublikation/index.asp?action=show&id=1297>

Hefner, M, de Visser, R & Kristensen, HL 2019, 'Godt resultat med faste kørespor', Gartner Tidende, no. 6, pp. 39-40.

Rienecker, L, Wichmann-Hansen, G & Stray Jørgensen, P 2019, God vejledning: af specialer, bacheloropgaver og projekter . 2. edn, Samfundslitteratur, Frederiksberg.

Brock, S 2019, 'Goethe´s Contribution to Philosophy. The Morphology of Individuality.', SATS - Northern European Journal of Philosophy, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 35-52. https://doi.org/10.1515/sats-2019-0004

Toft-Nielsen, C 2019, 'Going home again? Fan constructions of nostalgia in anticipation of World of Warcraft Classic', MedieKultur: Journal of media and communication research, vol. 35, no. 66, pp. 3-17. https://doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v35i66.106494

Jensen, M 2019, 'Gojibær uegnet til maskinhøst', Gartner Tidende, no. 9, pp. 28.

Nielsen, KH 2019, 'Gold fever in Greenland: Sociotechnical imaginaries of gold resources, 1988–2013', 10th Biennial conference of the European Society for Environmental History, Tallinn, Estonia, 21/08/2019 - 25/08/2019 pp. 73.

Nielsen, CF 2019, ”Golf”, kommunale dødsstjerner og andre fiktionaliseringer: om fake news, satire og fiktionaliseringsmarkører. in RK Andersen, LBR Jacobsen & HS Nielsen (eds), Satirisk fake news. Forlaget Spring, Hellerup, pp. 63-85.

Karamichos, D, Barrientez, B, Nicholas, S, Ma, S, Van, L, Bak-Nielsen, S & Hjortdal, J 2019, 'Gonadotropins in Keratoconus: The Unexpected Suspects', Cells, vol. 8, no. 12, 1494. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8121494

Al-Hamdani, A, Rasmussen, JV, Sørensen, AKB, Ovesen, J, Holtz, K, Brorson, S & Olsen, BS 2019, 'Good outcome after elbow hemiarthroplasty in active patients with an acute intra-articular distal humeral fracture', Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 925-930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2018.10.018

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1972

Revised 08.12.2025

Lise Refstrup Linnebjerg Pedersen