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Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Bosch, MD, Mannino, MA, Prendergast, AL, O'Connell, T, Demarchi, B, Taylor, SM, Niven, L, van der Plicht, J & Hublin, J-J 2015, 'Reply to Douka et al. Critical evaluation of the Ksar 'Akil chronologies', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), vol. 112, no. 51, pp. E7035-E7035. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1520412112
Holme, NM, Jensen, KE, Sandoval-Acuna, P, Jonas, JD, Segnitz, RM & Svenning, J-C 2015, 'Reply to Feeley and Rehm: Land-use intensification increases risk of species losses from climate change', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), vol. 112, no. 45. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518956112
Wisz, MS, Broennimann, O, Grønkjær, P, Møller, PDR, Olsen, SM, Swingedouw, D, Hedeholm, RB, Nielsen, EE, Guisan, A & Pellissier, L 2015, 'Reply to 'Sources of uncertainties in cod distribution models'', Nature Climate Change, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 790-791. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2762
Panagos, P, Meusburger, K, Ballabio, C, Borrelli, P, Begueria, S, Klik, A, Rymszewicz, A, Michaelides, S, Olsen, P, Tadic, MP, Aalto, J, Lakatos, M, Dumitrescu, A, Rousseva, S, Montanarella, L & Alewell, C 2015, 'Reply to the comment on “Rainfall erosivity in Europe” by Auerswald et al.', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 532, pp. 853-857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.020
Jankvist, UT, Chorlay, R, Clark, K & Lawrence, S 2015, 'Report from the CERME-9 thematic working group on 'History in Mathematics Education', HPM Newsletter, no. 89, pp. 10-13.
Madsen, J, Fox, AD, Dereliev, S, Stroud, D & Mikander, N 2015, 'Report from the International Conference “Goose Management: Challenges 2015”, Gram Slot, Denmark, 27-29 October 2015', Wetlands International Goose Specialist Group Bulletin, vol. 20, pp. 26-29.
Brøndum, I 2015, 'Reporting of search strategies in systematic reviews and meta-analyses in three psychiatric journals', Psykiatriens 10. forskningsdag, Risskov, Denmark, 05/11/2015 - 05/11/2015.
Fox, AD, Francis, I, Norriss, D & Walsh, A 2015, Report of the 2014/2015 international census of Greenland White-fronted Geese. Greenland White-fronted Goose Study/Irish National Parks and Wildlife Service.
Elborn, JS, Bell, SC, Madge, SL, Burgel, P-R, Castellani, C, Conway, S, De Rijcke, K, Dembski, B, Drevinek, P, Heijerman, HGM, Innes, JA, Lindblad, A, Marshall, B, Olesen, HV, Reimann, AL, Solé, A, Viviani, L, Wagner, TOF, Welte, T & Blasi, F 2015, 'Report of the European Respiratory Society/European Cystic Fibrosis Society task force on the care of adults with cystic fibrosis', European Respiratory Journal. Supplement. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00592-2015
Buendia, L, Nielsen, O-K, Sempos , I & Zhang, X 2015, Report of the technical review of the sixth national communication of Australia. 24 February 2015 edn, UNFCCC/ARR/ITA/.
Stienezen, M, Kristensen, IS, Olesen, JE, Hutchings, NJ, Mogensen, L, Barioni , L, Veloso , R, Burlamaqui , A, Bonnet, O, Carvalho, PDF, Tesfamariam , E, Hassen , A, Vayssières , J & Lecomte , P 2015, Report on adaptation and mitigation options in the showcase farms. Report on non-European studies: Deliverable D10.5.
Eory, V, MacLeod, M, Faverdin, P, O'Brien, D, de Oliveira Silva, R, Barioni, LG, Albertini, TZ, Topp, K, Fernandes, FA, Moran, D, Hutchings, NJ, Stienezen, M, Shalloo, L, Rees, RM, Mogensen, L, Lund, P, Brask, M, Doreau, M, Garcia-Launay, F, Dourmad, JY, Bendahan, AB, Veloso, RF & Gonzalez, RD 2015, Report on developing bottom-up Marginal Abatement Cost Curves (MACCS) for representative farm types: D11.2. <http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/307440>
Kristensen, IS, Olesen, JE, Hutchings, NJ, Mogensen, L, Faverdin, P, Topp, K, Barradas, A, Godinho, B, O'Brien, D, Shalloo, L, Holshof , G, Perdok , H & Stienezen, M 2015, Report on farm scale eco-efficiency of mitigation and adaption options. D10.3.
Krause-Jensen, D, Bruhn, A, Queiros, A, Bruun, J, Somerfield, P, Mazik, K, Strong, JA, Little, S, Elliot, M, Camp, J, Ferrera, I, Flo, E, Garces, E, Gasol, JM, Massana, R, Rene, A, Bizsel, N, Ozaydinl, M, Bizsel, KC, Chuseve, R, Zaiko, A, Bucas, M, Muxika, I, Uyarra, MC, Rodriguez, JG, Borja, A, Chust, G, Galparsoro, I, Pascual, M, Uusitalo, L, Nygård, H, Jernberg, S, Papadopoulou, N, Pantazi, M, Simboura, N, Smith, C, Vassilopoulou, V, Furhaupter, K, Berg, T, Wilken, H, Kuhlmann, T, Beauchard, O, Herman, P, Lynam, C, Engelhard, G, Churilova, T, Kryvenko, O, Suslin, V, Teixeira, H, Azzellino, A & Hale, S 2015, Report on the criteria for good indicators selection. <http://www.devotes-project.eu>
Harrison, K, Sweers, B & Bleibinger, B 2015, Report on the Fourth Symposium of the ICTM Study Group on Applied Ethnomusicology. in ICTM Study Group on Applied Ethnomusicology. International Council for Traditional Music.
Harrison, K, Sweers, B & Bleibinger, B 2015, 'Report on the Fourth Symposium of the ICTM Study Group on Applied Ethnomusicology', Bulletin of the ICTM, no. 127, pp. 22-24.
Goodwin, J, Gytarsky, M, Merkeliene, J, Harthan , R, Munir, T, Witi , J, Aburas, N, Nielsen, O-K, Dong, H, Kawashima, K, Black, K, Kim, R, Korotkov, V, Kim, S & Kis-Kovacs, G 2015, Report on the individual review of the annual submission of Italy submitted in 2014. UNFCCC/ARR/ITA/.
Goodwin, MJ, Gytarsky, MM, Merkeliene, MJ, Harthan, MR, Munir, MT, Witi, MJ, Aburas, MN, Nielsen, O-K, Dong, MH, Kawashima, MK, Black , MK, Kim, MR, Korotkov, MV, Kim, MS & Kis-Kovacs, MG 2015, Report on the individual review of the annual submission of Sweden submitted in 2014. UNFCCC/ARR/ITA/.
Kallestrup, P 2015, Report on the Regional consultation on strengthening service provision through the family practice approach: Cairo, Egypt 18–20 November 2014. in Report on the Regional consultation on strengthening service provision through the family practice approach : Cairo, Egypt 18–20 November 2014 . WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. <http://applications.emro.who.int/docs/IC_meet_rep_2015_EN_16267.pdf>
Fortner, RT, Ose, J, Merritt, MA, Schock, H, Tjønneland, A, Hansen, L, Overvad, K, Dossus, L, Clavel-Chapelon, F, Baglietto, L, Boeing, H, Trichopoulou, A, Benetou, V, Lagiou, P, Agnoli, C, Mattiello, A, Masala, G, Tumino, R, Sacerdote, C, Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB, Onland-Moret, NC, Peeters, PH, Weiderpass, E, Gram, IT, Duell, EJ, Larrañaga, N, Ardanaz, E, Sánchez, M-J, Chirlaque, M-D, Brändstedt, J, Idahl, A, Lundin, E, Khaw, K-T, Wareham, N, Travis, RC, Rinaldi, S, Romieu, I, Gunter, MJ, Riboli, E & Kaaks, R 2015, 'Reproductive and hormone-related risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer by histologic pathways, invasiveness, and histologic subtypes: Results from the EPIC cohort', International Journal of Cancer, vol. 137, no. 5, pp. 1196-208. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29471
Bešević, J, Gunter, MJ, Fortner, RT, Tsilidis, KK, Weiderpass, E, Charlotte Onland-Moret, N, Dossus, L, Tjønneland, A, Hansen, L, Overvad, K, Mesrine, S, Baglietto, L, Clavel-Chapelon, F, Kaaks, R, Aleksandrova, K, Boeing, H, Trichopoulou, A, Lagiou, P, Bamia, C, Masala, G, Agnoli, C, Tumino, R, Ricceri, F, Panico, S, Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB, Peeters, PH, Jareid, M, Ramón Quirós, J, Duell, EJ, Sánchez, M-J, Larrañaga, N, Chirlaque, M-D, Barricarte, A, Dias, JA, Sonestedt, E, Idahl, A, Lundin, E, Wareham, NJ, Khaw, K-T, Travis, RC, Rinaldi, S, Romieu, I, Riboli, E & Merritt, MA 2015, 'Reproductive factors and epithelial ovarian cancer survival in the EPIC cohort study', British Journal of Cancer, vol. 113, no. 11, pp. 1622-31. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2015.377
Merritt, MA, Riboli, E, Murphy, N, Kadi, M, Tjønneland, A, Olsen, A, Overvad, K, Dossus, L, Dartois, L, Clavel-Chapelon, F, Fortner, RT, Katzke, VA, Boeing, H, Trichopoulou, A, Lagiou, P, Trichopoulos, D, Palli, D, Sieri, S, Tumino, R, Sacerdote, C, Panico, S, Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB, Peeters, PH, Lund, E, Nakamura, A, Weiderpass, E, Quirós, JR, Agudo, A, Molina-Montes, E, Larrañaga, N, Dorronsoro, M, Cirera, L, Barricarte, A, Olsson, Å, Butt, S, Idahl, A, Lundin, E, Wareham, NJ, Key, TJ, Brennan, P, Ferrari, P, Wark, PA, Norat, T, Cross, AJ & Gunter, MJ 2015, 'Reproductive factors and risk of mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; a cohort study', B M C Medicine, vol. 13, pp. 252. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-015-0484-3
Randles, S, Edler, J, Gough, C, Joly, P-B, Mejlgaard, N, Bryndum, N, Lang, A, Ralf, L & Kuhlmann, S 2015, 'Res-AGorA Policy Note # 1 of 3', 9 p..
Xuebin, Q, Zhongdong, H, Dongmei, Q, Xianchao, Z, Ping, L & Andersen, MN 2015, 'Research advances on thereasonable water resources allocation in irrigation district', Advances in Water Science, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 287-295. https://doi.org/10.14042/j.enki.32.1309.2015.02.020
Barzman, M, Lamichhane, JR, Booij, K, Boonekamp, P, Desneux, N, Huber, L, Kudsk, P, Langrell, SRH, Ratnadass, A, Ricci, P, Sarah, J-L & Messean, A 2015, Research and Development Priorities in the Face of Climate Change and Rapidly Evolving Pests. in E Lichtfouse (ed.), Sustainable Agriculture Reviews. vol. 17, Springer, Schweiz, Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, pp. 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16742-8_1
Wright, S, Curtis, B, Lucas, L & Robertson, S 2015 'Research Assessment Systems and their Impacts on Academic Work in New Zealand, the UK and Denmark: Summative Working Paper for URGE Work Package 5' Working Papers in University Reform, no. 24, Department of Education, Aarhus University, pp. 55.
Boertmann, D 2015, 'ResearchGate – en slags ’facebook’ for forskere', Dansk Ornitologisk Forenings Tidsskrift, vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 158.
Holm, L 2015, 'Researching extended schooling ethnographically: with Danish all-day schools as examples', International Journal for Research on Extended Education, IJREE, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 39-51. <http://budrich-journals.de/index.php/IJREE/article/view/19580>
Laursen, HP 2015, 'Researching literacies in transition from multilingual children's perspective through interviews', Paper presented at Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Lingistics, Washington, United States, 13/03/2015 - 15/03/2015. <http://units.georgetown.edu/linguistics/gurt/2015/program.html>
Klitmøller, A, Lauring, J & Bjerregaard, T 2015, Researching Supra- and Sub-National Contexts: Multi-sited and Extended Ethnographic Methodologies for Language Research. in N Holden, S Michailova & S Tietze (eds), The Routledge Companion to Cross-Cultural Management. Routledge, pp. 95-102.
Reisch, LA & Thøgersen, J 2015, Research on sustainable consumption: Introduction and overview. in LA Reisch & J Thøgersen (eds), Handbook of Research on Sustainable Consumption. Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783471270.00006
Cinquini, L & Nørreklit, H 2015, 'Research perspectives in Performance Management', Management Control, vol. 2, no. luglio, pp. 5-12. https://doi.org/10.3280/MACO2015-002001
Wierenga, B, Andersen, TM, Dekker, R, Janssen, M, Maug, E, Pavlou, P, Simons, D, Windmeijer, F & Zollo, M 2015, Research Review: Tilburg School of Economics and Management: Report on the research assessment of the Tilburg School of Economics and Management at Tilburg University. Quality Assurance Netherlands Universities (QANU) , Utrecht.