Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Dyrskjøt, L 2019, 'Large-scale genomic comparison of UTUC and bladder tumours', Nature Reviews Urology, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 149-150. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41585-019-0145-y

Chandra, S, Auken, E , Maurya, PK, Ahmed, S & Verma, SK 2019, 'Large Scale Mapping of Fractures and Groundwater Pathways in Crystalline Hardrock By AEM', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, 398. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36153-1

Knoop, HH 2019, Large-scale measurement in education.

Eulaers, I, Ambus, P, Sonne, C , Bossi, R , Dietz, R, Helander, B, Herzke, D, Jaspers, VLB, Johansson, V, Johnsen, TV, Krogh, AKH, Krone, O, Lepoint, G, Løseth, ME, Nygaard, T, Sun, J , Søndergaard, J & Bustnes, JO 2019, Large-scale monitoring of the exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and mercury in the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla): Clinical-chemical effects and the role of diet. in One environment. One health. Sustainable societies. SETAC, 29th annual European meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Helsinki, Finland, 27/05/2019. <https://helsinki.setac.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/SETAC-Helsinki-Abstract-Book-2019.pdf>

Afzal, M, Rehman, K, Shabir, G, Tahseen, R, Ijaz, A, Hashmat, AJ & Brix, H 2019, 'Large-scale remediation of oil-contaminated water using floating treatment wetlands', npj Clean Water, vol. 2, no. 1, 3. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-018-0025-7

Cagnano, G, Roulund, N, Jensen, CS , Forte, FP , Asp, T & Leuchtmann, A 2019, 'Large scale screening of Epichloë endophytes infecting Schedonorus pratensis and other forage grasses reveals a relation between microsatellite-based haplotypes and loline alkaloid levels', Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 10, 765. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00765

Sølvsten Burgdorf, K, Trabjerg, B , Giørtz Pedersen, M, Nissen, J, Banasik, K, Birger Pedersen, O, Sørensen, E, René Nielsen, K, Hørup Larsen, M, Erikstrup, C, Bruun-Rasmussen, P, Westergaard, D, Wegner Thørner, L, Hjalgrim, H, Martina Paarup, H, Brunak, S, Pedersen, CB, Fuller Torrey, E, Werge, T, Bo Mortensen, P, Yolken, R & Ullum, H 2019, 'Large-scale study of Toxoplasma and Cytomegalovirus shows an association between infection and serious psychiatric disorders', Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, vol. 79, pp. 152-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2019.01.026

Pellerin, A, Antler, G, Holm, SA, Findlay, AJ, Crockford, PW, Turchyn, AV, Jørgensen, BB & Finster, K 2019, 'Large sulfur isotope fractionation by bacterial sulfide oxidation', Science Advances, vol. 5, no. 7, eaaw1480. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw1480

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Thomsen, BMS 2019, Lars von Trier (b. 1956). Nordics.info, Aarhus.

Hillel, AT, Tang, SS, Carlos, C, Skarlupka V, JH, Gowda, M, Yin, LX, Motz, K, Currie, CR, Suen, G & Thibeault, SL 2019, 'Laryngotracheal microbiota in adult laryngotracheal stenosis', mSphere, vol. 4, no. 3, e00211-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphereDirect.00211-19

Klug, TE , Hentze, M , Schytte, S, Farnebo, L, Rikardsen, O, Sihvo, E, Räsänen, J & Mäkitie, A 2019, 'Laryngo-tracheal resections in the Nordic countries: an option for further centralization?', European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, vol. 276, no. 5, pp. 1545-1548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-019-05384-x

Nielsen, KH 2019, 'Laser', Weekendavisen, vol. Sektion 4 (Ideer), pp. 10.

Mine, H, Kobayashi, A, Nakamura, T, Inoue, T, Pakdel, S, Marian, D, Gonzalez-Marin, E, Maruyama, S, Katsumoto, S, Fortunelli, A, Palacios, JJ & Haruyama, J 2019, 'Laser-Beam-Patterned Topological Insulating States on Thin Semiconducting MoS2', Physical Review Letters, vol. 123, no. 14, 146803. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.146803

Schouder, CA 2019, 'Laser-induced alignment and structure determination of molecular dimersembedded in helium nanodroplets', Aarhus.

Murdoch, N, Chide, B, Lasue, J, Cadu, A, Sournac, A, Bassas-Portús, M, Jacob, X, Merrison, J , Iversen, JJ, Moretto, C, Velasco, C, Parès, L, Hynes, A, Godiver, V, Lorenz, RD, Cais, P, Bernadi, P, Maurice, S, Wiens, RC & Mimoun, D 2019, 'Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy acoustic testing of the Mars 2020 microphone', Planetary and Space Science, vol. 165, no. January, pp. 260-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2018.09.009

Dues, M, Doll, U, Bacci, T, Picchi, A, Stockhausen, G & Willert, C 2019, Laseroptische Untersuchung des Strömungsfeldes hinter dem Turbinengitter eines Simulationsprüfstandes mittels Filtered Rayleigh Scattering. in Fachtagung “Experimentelle Strömungsmechanik”. Fachtagung “Experimentelle Strömungsmechanik”, Rostock, Germany, 04/09/2018.

Farkhani, H, Prejbeanu, IL & Moradi, F 2019, 'LAS-NCS: A Laser-Assisted Spintronic Neuromorphic Computing System', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 66, no. 5, 8675974, pp. 838-842. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2019.2908077

Robinson, BA & Scott, JM 2019, 'Late Devonian contact metamorphism and a possible upper age to gold mineralisation in the northernmost portion of the Reefton Goldfield', New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 121-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2018.1534745

Pedersen, MG, Højte, C, Olesen, HV, Pressler, T & Skov, M 2019, 'Late diagnosis and poor nutrition in cystic fibrosis diagnosed before implementation of newborn screening', Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), vol. 108, no. 12, pp. 2241-2245. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.14908

Holmqvist, AS, Chen, Y, Wu, J, Battles, K, Francisco, L, Hageman, L, Kung, M, Ness, E, Parman, M, Winther, JF, Rosenthal, J, Arora, M, Armenian, SH & Bhatia, S 2019, 'Late Mortality after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation in Childhood for Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes and Severe Aplastic Anemia', Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 749-755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.12.063

Qerama, E , Korshoej, AR , Petersen, MV, Brandmeier, R & von Oettingen, G 2019, 'Latency-shift of intra-operative visual evoked potential predicts reversible homonymous hemianopia after intra-ventricular meningioma surgery', Clinical Neurophysiology Practice, vol. 4, pp. 224-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnp.2019.10.004

Bay-Richter, C , Petersen, E , Liebenberg, N , Elfving, B & Wegener, G 2019, 'Latent toxoplasmosis aggravates anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour and suggest a role of gene-environment interactions in the behavioural response to the parasite', Behavioural Brain Research, vol. 364, no. May, pp. 133-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2019.02.018

Bay-Richter, C , Buttenschøn, HN , Mors, O , Eskelund, A, Budac, D, Kærlev, L & Wegener, G 2019, 'Latent toxoplasmosis and psychiatric symptoms - A role of tryptophan metabolism?', Journal of Psychiatric Research, vol. 110, pp. 45-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.12.016

Petersen, E, Chakaya, J, Jawad, FM, Ippolito, G & Zumla, A 2019, 'Latent tuberculosis infection: diagnostic tests and when to treat', The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 231-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30059-3

Long, H, Tsukamoto, S, Buylaert, JP , Murray, AS, Jain, M & Frechen, M 2019, 'Late Quaternary OSL chronologies from the Qinghai Lake (NE Tibetan Plateau): Inter-comparison of quartz and K-feldspar ages to assess the pre-depositional bleaching', Quaternary Geochronology, vol. 49, no. February, pp. 159-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2018.05.003

Weckwerth, P, Wysota, W, Piotrowski, JA, Adamczyk, A, Krawiec, A & Dabrowski, M 2019, 'Late Weichselian glacial megafloods at the southern sector of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet: geomorphological record and palaeogeographical implications', INQUA, Dublin, Ireland, 25/07/2019 - 31/07/2019.

Weckwerth, P, Wysota, W, Piotrowski, JA, Adamczyk, A, Krawiec, A & Dąbrowski, M 2019, 'Late Weichselian glacier outburst floods in North-Eastern Poland: Landform evidence and palaeohydraulic significance', Earth-Science Reviews, vol. 194, pp. 216-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.05.006

Bazot, M, Benomar, O, Christensen-Dalsgaard, J, Gizon, L, Hanasoge, S, Nielsen, M, Petit, P & Sreenivasan, KR 2019, 'Latitudinal differential rotation in the solar analogues 16 Cygni A and B', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 623, A125 . https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834594

Doering, K, Ehlert, C, Martinez, P, Frank, M & Schneider, R 2019, 'Latitudinal variations in δ30Si and δ15N signatures along the Peruvian shelf: Quantifying the effects of nutrient utilization versus denitrification over the past 600 years', Biogeosciences, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 2163-2180. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2163-2019

Nitulescu, A 2019, Lattice-Based Zero-Knowledge SNARGs for Arithmetic Circuits. in P Schwabe & N Thériault (eds), Progress in Cryptology – LATINCRYPT 2019 - 6th International Conference on Cryptology and Information Security in Latin America, Proceedings. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 11774, pp. 217-236, 6th International Conference on Cryptology and Information Security in Latin America, LATINCRYPT 2019, Santiago de Chile, Chile, 02/10/2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30530-7_11

Jensen, NR 2019, 'L'audace d'une justice sociale', les rives de l'iriv, vol. 2019, no. 36, pp. 21-22. <http://www.iriv.net>

Sandberg, S & Tutenges, S 2019, 'Laughter in stories of crime and tragedy: The importance of humor for marginalized populations', Social Problems, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 564-579. https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spy019

Thorsteinsson, MM, Kjeldsen, AM, Martinussen, H & Vestergaard, M 2019, 'Lav alder og høj vægt ved indsætning øger slagtekalves chance for at blive godkendt som Dansk Kalv', Landbrugsinfo, KvægInfo, vol. 02.12.2019, 2587.

Tarp, S 2019, 'La Ventana al Futuro: Despidiéndose de los Diccionarios para Abrazar la Lexicografía', RILEX. Revista sobre investigaciones léxicas, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 5-36. https://doi.org/10.17561/rilex.v2.n2.1

Croix, S 2019, 'La ville portuaire de Ribe. L’archéologie en « haute résolution »', Dossier d'Archéologie, vol. 391, pp. 46-49.

Hasselbalch, O 2019, Law-473-Denmark. in International Encyclopaedia of Laws. Kluwer Law International.

Ulfbeck, V, Andhov, A & Mitkidis, K (eds) 2019, Law and Responsible Supply Chain Management: Contract and Tort Interplay and Overlap. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429461231

Rostami, H, Volckaert, K , Lanata, N , Mahatha, SK, Sanders, CE, Bianchi, M, Lizzit, D, Bignardi, L, Lizzit, S, Miwa, JA, Balatsky, A, Hofmann, P & Ulstrup, S 2019, 'Layer and orbital interference effects in photoemission from transition metal dichalcogenides', Physical Review B, vol. 100, no. 23, 235423. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.100.235423

Mantri, DS & Prasad, R 2019, Layered Network Security for Efficient Data Aggregation in CONASENSE. in R Prasad & LP Ligthart (eds), Security within CONASENSE Paragon. River Publishers, Gistrup, River Publishers Series in Communications, pp. 11-34.

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Abdallah, MF, Gonzales, B, Haesaert, G, Audenaert, K & De Saeger, S 2019, 'LC-MS based metabolomics study to unravel the biocontrol effect of fungal endophytes against the plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum', Scottish Metabolomics Network symposium 2019 (SMN-2019), Glasgow, United Kingdom, 13/11/2019 - 15/11/2019.

Kanstrup, N, Chriél, M, Dietz, R , Søndergaard, J , Balsby, TJS & Sonne, C 2019, 'Lead and Other Trace Elements in Danish Birds of Prey', Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol. 77, no. 3, pp. 359-367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-019-00646-5

Møller, A-KL 2019, 'Leaders' impact on employee absenteeism: a systematic literature review', European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology, Torino, Italy, 29/05/2019 - 01/06/2019.

Møller, A-KL 2019, 'Leader’s impact on employee sickness absence', EAWOP Small Group Meeting Leadership and Health/Well-being, Exeter, United Kingdom, 20/06/2019 - 21/06/2019.

Kanstrup, N, Thomas, VG & Fox, AD (eds) 2019, Lead in hunting ammunition: Persistent problems and solutions. Ambio, no. 9, vol. 48, Springer.

Konnerup, D 2019, 'Leaf gas films improve submergence tolerance of plants in fresh and saline water', 6th Congress on Salinity Challenges, Buenos, Argentina, 22/07/2019 - 25/07/2019 pp. 76-81.

Chou, Q, Cao, T, Ni, L, Xie, P & Jeppesen, E 2019, 'Leaf Soluble Carbohydrates, Free Amino Acids, Starch, Total Phenolics, Carbon and Nitrogen Stoichiometry of 24 Aquatic Macrophyte Species Along Climate Gradients in China', Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 10, 442, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.0044

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