Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Nanaki, E & Xydis, G 2019, Exergetic aspects of renewable energy systems: Insights to transportation and energy sector for intelligent communities. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. https://doi.org/10.1201/b22277

Goldstein, J, Riisgård, HU & Larsen, PS 2019, 'Exhalant jet speed of single-osculum explants of the demosponge Halichondria panicea and basic properties of the sponge-pump', Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol. 511, pp. 82-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2018.11.009

Triebner, K, Accordini, S, Calciano, L, Johannessen, A, Benediktsdóttir, B, Bifulco, E, Demoly, P, Dharmage, SC, Franklin, KA, Garcia-Aymerich, J, Gullón Blanco, JA, Heinrich, J, Holm, M, Jarvis, D, Jõgi, R, Lindberg, E, Martínez-Moratalla, J, Muniozguren Agirre, N, Pin, I, Probst-Hensch, N, Raherison, C, Sánchez-Ramos, JL, Schlünssen, V, Svanes, C, Hustad, S, Leynaert, B & Gómez Real, F 2019, 'Exogenous female sex steroids may reduce lung ageing after menopause: A 20-year follow-up study of a general population sample (ECRHS)', Maturitas, vol. 120, pp. 29-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.11.007

Nørgaard, JV , Malla, N , Dionisio, G , Madsen, CK, Pettersson, D, Lærke, HN, Hjortshøj, RL & Brinch-Pedersen, H 2019, 'Exogenous xylanase or protease for pigs fed barley cultivars with high or low enzyme inhibitors', Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol. 248, pp. 59-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.12.005

Flannick, J, Mercader, JM, Fuchsberger, C, Udler, MS, Mahajan, A, Wessel, J, Teslovich, TM, Caulkins, L, Koesterer, R, Barajas-Olmos, F, Blackwell, TW, Boerwinkle, E, Brody, JA, Centeno-Cruz, F, Chen, L, Chen, S, Contreras-Cubas, C, Córdova, E, Correa, A, Cortes, M, DeFronzo, RA, Dolan, L, Drews, KL, Elliott, A, Floyd, JS, Gabriel, S, Garay-Sevilla, ME, García-Ortiz, H, Gross, M, Han, S, Heard-Costa, NL, Jackson, AU, Jørgensen, ME, Kang, HM, Kelsey, M, Kim, BJ, Koistinen, HA, Kuusisto, J, Leader, JB, Linneberg, A, Liu, CT, Liu, J, Lyssenko, V, Manning, AK, Marcketta, A, Malacara-Hernandez, JM, Witte, DR, Grarup, N, Hansen, T, Pedersen, O, Broad Genomics Platform, DiscovEHR Collaboration, CHARGE, LuCamp, ProDiGY, GoT2D, ESP, SIGMA-T2D, T2D-GENES & AMP-T2D-GENES 2019, 'Exome sequencing of 20,791 cases of type 2 diabetes and 24,440 controls', Nature, vol. 570, no. 7759, pp. 71-76. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1231-2

Gudbergsson, JM & Johnsen, KB 2019, 'Exosomes and autophagy: rekindling the vesicular waste hypothesis', Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 443-450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12079-019-00524-8

Nguanchoo, V, Wangpakapattanawong, P, Balslev, H & Inta, A 2019, 'Exotic plants used by the Hmong in Thailand', Plants, vol. 8, no. 11, 500. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8110500

Lorentzen, MP, Campbell-Sills, H, Jorgensen, TS , Nielsen, TK, Coton, M, Coton, E, Hansen, L & Lucas, PM 2019, 'Expanding the biodiversity of Oenococcus oeni through comparative genomics of apple cider and kombucha strains', BMC Genomics, vol. 20, 330. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-5692-3

Kyrkou, I , Carstens, AB , Ellegaard-Jensen, L , Kot, W , Zervas, A , Djurhuus, AM, Neve, H, Hansen, M & Hansen, LH 2019, 'Expanding the diversity of Myoviridae phages infecting Lactobacillus plantarum - a novel lineage of Lactobacillus phages comprising five new members', Viruses, vol. 11, no. 7, 611. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11070611

Nørgaard, M , Koefoed-Nielsen, PB & Christiansen, M 2019, 'Expanding the donor pool for HLA matched cornea transplantation by performing HLA typind on deceased non-organ donors.', EFI Congress, Lisbon, Portugal, 07/05/2019 - 08/05/2019.

McLeod, D , Thogersen, MK , Jessen, NI , Jorgensen, KA, Jamieson, CS, Xue, X-S, Houk, KN, Liu, F & Hoffmann, R 2019, 'Expanding the Frontiers of Higher-Order Cycloadditions', Accounts of Chemical Research, vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 3488-3501. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00498

Nissen, PH & Rejnmark, L 2019, 'Expanding the spectrum of genetic variants in the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene in hypercalcemic individuals', Clinical Endocrinology, vol. 91, no. 5, pp. 683-690. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.14078

Walther, R 2019, 'Expanding the Utility of Prodrugs: Glucuronides as a Tool to Achieve Localized Drug Delivery'.

O’Brien, E, M. Cooney, T & Blenker, P 2019, 'Expanding university entrepreneurial ecosystems to under-represented communities', Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 384-407. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEPP-03-2019-0025

Nielsen, K & Klitmøller, J 2019, 'Expansive and restricted learning: Pervasive binaries? ', Annual Review of Critical Psychology (Online), vol. 16, pp. 453-467. <https://thediscourseunit.files.wordpress.com/2019/12/0453.pdf>

Lauring, J, Guttormsen, D, Saheem, W & Jonasson, C 2019, 'Expatriate careers and family embeddedness', Paper presented at Asia Academy of Management Conference 2019, Bali, Indonesia, 19/06/2019 - 22/06/2019.

Buccioli, A, Kokholm, T & Nicolosi, M 2019, 'Expected Shortfall and Portfolio Management in Contagious Markets', Journal of Banking & Finance, vol. 102, no. May, pp. 100-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2019.03.003

Constantin, A, Fails, JA, Good, J, Eriksson, E, Korte, J, Alexandru, CA, Mihaela Dragomir, D, Pain, H, Garzotto, F & Waller, A 2019, Expecting the unexpected in participatory design. in Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems., SIG07, Association for Computing Machinery, 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2019, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 04/05/2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290607.3311758

Nagbøl, SP 2019, 'Experience analysis and forms of alienation', Social Work & Society, vol. 17, no. 1. <https://www.socwork.net/sws/article/view/590/1161>

Zamorano, AM, Montoya, P, Cifre, I, Vuust, P, Riquelme, I & Kleber, B 2019, 'Experience-dependent neuroplasticity in trained musicians modulates the effects of chronic pain on insula-based networks – A resting-state fMRI study', NeuroImage, vol. 202, 116103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116103

Lykke, S & Handberg, C 2019, 'Experienced Loneliness in Home-Based Rehabilitation: Perspectives of Older Adults With Disabilities and Their Health Care Professionals', Global Qualitative Nursing Research, vol. 6. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333393619831661

Jørgensen, D (ed.) 2019, Experience in a New Key. Open Philosophy, no. 1, vol. 2, De Gruyter, Berlin.

Thodberg, K , Gould, LM, Støier, S, Anneberg, I , Thomsen, PT & Herskin, MS 2019, 'Experiences and opinions of Danish livestock drivers transporting sows regarding fitness for transport and management choices relevant for animal welfare', Translational Animal Science, vol. 4, no. 2, txaa015. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaa015

Jørgensen, LN , Heick, TM , Hartvig, P & Hjelmroth, L 2019, 'Experiences from efficacy testing of microbial products and alternative chemistry', Paper presented at Plant Biologicals Network Symposium, København, Denmark, 13/11/2019 - 14/11/2019. <http://plantbiologicals.dk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Lise-Nistrup-J%C3%B8rgensen_PBN-Symposium-2019-presentation.pdf>

Pedersen, SG, Anke, A, Aadal, L , Pallesen, H, Moe, S & Arntzen, C 2019, 'Experiences of quality of life the first year after stroke in Denmark and Norway. A qualitative analysis', International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, vol. 14, no. 1, 1659540. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2019.1659540

Downey, BC, Jensen, MB & Tucker, CB 2019, Experience with hay influences the development of oral behaviors in preweaned dairy calves. in RC Newberry & BO Braastad (eds), Proceedings of the 53rd Congress of the ISAE: Animal Lives Worth Living. Wageningen Academic Publishers, pp. 114-114, 53rd Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology (ISAE), Bergen, Norway, 05/08/2019. <https://www.applied-ethology.org/ISAE_Meetings.html>

Joyce, S 2019, Experiencing Northern Ireland as Game of thrones destination. in F Barber, HH & S Dybris McQuaid (eds), Ireland and the North. Peter Lang, Oxford, Reimagining Ireland, vol. 91, pp. 95-118. https://doi.org/10.3726/b13267

Nezhad, SM, Ahmadi Atouei, S, Cotfas, PA, Cotfas, DT, Rosendahl, LA & Rezaniakolaei, A 2019, 'Experimental and numerical study on the transient behavior of multi-junction solar cell-thermoelectric generator hybrid system', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 184, pp. 448-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.01.081

Mao, Q, Zhou, Y, Yang, Y, Zhang, J, Liang, L, Wang, H, Luo, S, Luo, L, Jeyakumar, P, Ok, YS & Rizwan, M 2019, 'Experimental and theoretical aspects of biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron activating H₂O₂ for ciprofloxacin removal from aqueous solution', Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 380, 120848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120848

Damgaard-Møller, E 2019, 'Experimental and Theoretical Charge Density Studies of Single Molecule Magnets', ECMM 2019 , Florence, Italy, 15/09/2019 - 18/09/2019.

van Dijk, J, Fernandez, A, Storck, JC, White, TS, Lever, M, Müller, IA, Bishop, S, Seifert, RF, Driese, SG, Krylov, A, Ludvigson, GA, Turchyn, AV, Lin, CY, Wittkop, C & Bernasconi, SM 2019, 'Experimental calibration of clumped isotopes in siderite between 8.5 and 62 °C and its application as paleo-thermometer in paleosols', Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 254, pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.03.018

Degli Eredi, I & Heck, M 2019, Experimental Characterization of a Novel Energy-efficient Integrated Microwave Photonics Modulator. in ECIO 2019 InP Devices. <https://www.ecio-conference.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Degli-ErediIterio-Experimental-Characterization-of-a-Novel-Energy-efficient-Integrated.pdf>

Johnson, AC, Romaniello, SJ, Reinhard, CT, Gregory, DD, Garcia-Robledo, E , Revsbech, NP, Canfield, DE, Lyons, TW & Anbar, AD 2019, 'Experimental determination of pyrite and molybdenite oxidation kinetics at nanomolar oxygen concentrations', Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 249, pp. 160-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.01.022

Thomsen, DK, Søe-Knudsen, R, Brandt, D & Zhang, X 2019, Experimental Implementation of Time-Varying Input Shaping on UR Robots. in O Gusikhin, K Madani & J Zaytoon (eds), ICINCO 2019 - Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics. vol. 1, SCITEPRESS Digital Library, pp. 488-498, 16th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (ICINCO), Prague, Czech Republic, 29/07/2019. https://doi.org/10.5220/0007834504880498

Sarkar, S , Thomas, SP, Potnuru, LR, Edwards, AJ, Grosjean, A, Ramanathan, KV & Row, TNG 2019, 'Experimental Insights into the Electronic Nature, Spectral Features, and Role of Entropy in Short CH3•••CH3 Hydrophobic Interactions', Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, vol. 10, no. 22, pp. 7224-7229. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02734

Langeland, J 2019, 'Experimental Investigations of Intrinsic Biochromophore Properties'.

Nilsson, M, Jensen, N, Gejl, M, Bergmann, ML, Storgaard, H, Zander, M, Miskowiak, K & Rungby, J 2019, 'Experimental non-severe hypoglycaemia substantially impairs cognitive function in type 2 diabetes: a randomised crossover trial', Diabetologia, vol. 62, no. 10, pp. 1948-1958. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-4964-4

Jensen, JH 2019, 'Experimental study of 10Li with low energy (d,p) reactions'.

Gao, C, Macetti, G & Overgaard, J 2019, 'Experimental X-ray Electron Density Study of Atomic Charges, Oxidation States, and Inverted Ligand Field in Cu(CF₃)₄ ^-', Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 2133-2139. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03226

Markham, A & Pereira, G 2019, 'Experimenting With Algorithms and Memory-Making: Lived Experience and Future-Oriented Ethics in Critical Data Science', Frontiers in Big Data, vol. 2, 35. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2019.00035

Sparre, SL 2019, Experimenting with alternative futures in Cairo: young Muslim volunteers between God and the nation. in O Salemink, S Bregnbæk & D Vesalainen Hirslund (eds), Utopian movements, enactments and subjectivities among youth in the global south: ethnographic perspectives. Routledge, Abingdon, pp. 34-51.

Nielsen, J 2019, 'Experimenting with computational methods for large-scale studies of tracking technologies in web archives', Internet Histories, vol. 3, no. 3-4, pp. 293-315 . https://doi.org/10.1080/24701475.2019.1671074

Svennesen, L, Lund, TB, Skarbye, AP, Klaas, IC & Nielsen, SS 2019, 'Expert evaluation of different infection types in dairy cow quarters naturally infected with Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus agalactiae', Preventive Veterinary Medicine, vol. 167, pp. 16-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.03.016

Andersen, SAW, Mikkelsen, PT & Sørensen, MS 2019, 'Expert sampling of VR simulator metrics for automated assessment of mastoidectomy performance', The Laryngoscope, vol. 129, no. 9, pp. 2170-2177. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.27798

Mylonas, C, Papandroulakis, N, Corriero, A, Montero, D, Hernández-Cruz, CM, Banovic, M, Tacken, G & Robles, R 2019, 'Expert topic: greater amberjack', International Aquafeed, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 40-47. <https://issuu.com/.../iaf1909_w1>

Lauritsen, SM, Kristensen, M, Olsen, MV, Larsen, MS, Lauritsen, KM , Jørgensen, MJ , Lange, J & Thiesson, B 2019 'Explainable artificial intelligence model to predict acute critical illness from electronic health records' ArXiv. <https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.01266v1.pdf>

Jensen, UT , Andersen, LB & Holten, AL 2019, 'Explaining a dark side: public service motivation, presenteeism, and absenteeism', Review of Public Personnel Administration, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 487-510. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X17744865

Andreasen, MM 2019 'Explaining Bond Return Predictability in an Estimated New Keynesian Model' CREATES Research Paper, no. 2019-11, Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus.

Steglich-Petersen, A & Skipper, M 2019, 'Explaining the Illusion of Asymmetric Insight', Review of Philosophy and Psychology, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 769-786. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-019-00435-y

Goduscheit, RC & Andersen, TC 2019, 'Explicating hybrid offerings in the service infusion process: the nature of combining resources-capabilities', JPIM Research Forum, Orlando, United States, 02/11/2019 - 05/11/2019.

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