Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Kronbo, CH , Bremholm, M , Jensen, LR, Ceresoli, D & Menescardi, F 2019, 'Combined High Pressure and Low Temperature Study of Perovskite SrRuO3', Danscatt 2019, Aarhus, Denmark, 23/05/2019 - 24/05/2019.

Liu, Y , Pedersen, HS , Larsen, KE , Kristensen, K , Foldager, L , Callesen, H & Sørensen, MT 2019, 'Combined in vitro fertilization and culture (IVF/IVC) in mouse for reprotoxicity assessment of xenobiotic exposure', Reproductive Toxicology, vol. 89, no. October, pp. 115-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.07.006

Dyrnesli, H 2019, 'Combined optical and electrochemical substrates for plasmonic structures'.

Djomo, SN, De Groote, T, Gobin, A, Ceulemans, R & Janssens, IA 2019, 'Combining a land surface model with life cycle assessment for identifying the optimal management of short rotation coppice in Belgium', Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 121, pp. 78-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.12.010

Brinkø, A, Risinger, C, Lambert, A, Blixt, O, Grandjean, C & Jensen, HH 2019, 'Combining Click Reactions for the One-Pot Synthesis of Modular Biomolecule Mimetics', Organic Letters, vol. 21, no. 18, pp. 7544-7548. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02811

Vilhelmsen, TN , Auken, E , Christiansen, AV , Barfod, AS, Marker, PA & Bauer-Gottwein, P 2019, 'Combining clustering methods with MPS to estimate structural uncertainty for hydrological models', Frontiers in Earth Science, vol. 7, 181. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00181

Li, S, Yuan, F, Ata-UI-Karim, ST, Zheng, H, Cheng, T, Liu, X, Tian, Y, Zhu, Y, Cao, W & Cao, Q 2019, 'Combining color indices and textures of UAV-based digital imagery for rice LAI estimation', Remote Sensing, vol. 11, no. 15, 1763. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11151763

Clasen, JB, Lehmann, JO , Thomasen, JR , Østergaard, S & Kargo, M 2019, 'Combining extended lactation with sexed semen in a dairy cattle herd: Effect on genetic and total economic return', Livestock Science, vol. 223, pp. 176-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2019.03.001

Davies, B, Romanowska, I, Harris, K & Crabtree, SA 2019, 'Combining Geographic Information Systems and Agent-Based Models in Archaeology: Part 2 of 3', Advances in archaeological practice, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 185-193. https://doi.org/10.1017/aap.2019.5

Garay-Novillo, JN, García-Morena, D, Ruiz-Masó, JÁ, Barra, JL & Del Solar, G 2019, 'Combining Modules for Versatile and Optimal Labeling of Lactic Acid Bacteria: Two pMV158-Family Promiscuous Replicons, a Pneumococcal System for Constitutive or Inducible Gene Expression, and Two Fluorescent Proteins', Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 10, pp. 1431. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01431

Gebreyesus, G , Buitenhuis, AJ , Poulsen, NA, Visker, MHPW, Zhang, Q, van Valenberg, HJF, Sun, D & Bovenhuis, H 2019, 'Combining multi-population datasets for joint genome-wide association and meta-analyses: The case of bovine milk fat composition traits', Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 102, no. 12, pp. 11124-11141. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-16676

Wolf, T, Vesper, C, Sebanz, N, Keller, P & Knoblich, G 2019, 'Combining Phase Advancement and Period Correction Explains Rushing during Joint Rhythmic Activities', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, 9350. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45601-5

Schwarz, JO, Ram, C & Rohrbeck, R 2019, 'Combining scenario planning and business wargaming to better anticipate future competitive dynamics', Futures The journal of policy, planning and futures studies, vol. 105, pp. 133-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2018.10.001

Boudjadar, J, Ramanathan, S, Easwaran, A & Nyman, UM 2019, Combining Task-level and System-level Scheduling Modes for Mixed Criticality Systems. in Proceedings - 2019 IEEE/ACM 23rd International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications, DS-RT 2019: Proceedings., 8958666, IEEE, The IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications, Cosenza, Italy, 07/10/2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT47707.2019.8958666

Varvaris, I , Pittaki-Chrysodonta, Z, Moldrup, P, de Jonge, LW & Iversen, B 2019, 'Combining Visible-Near-Infrared and Pedotransfer Functions for Parameterization of Tile Drain Flow Simulations', Vadose Zone Journal, vol. 18, no. 1, 180171. https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.09.0171

Shyam, P , Ahlburg, JV , Eikeland, AZ , Saura-Múzquiz, M & Christensen, M 2019, 'Combining X-ray & neutron diffraction to investigate magnetostructural effects in exchange-spring nanocomposite ferrite magnets', Nordic Neutron Meeting 2019, Aarhus, Denmark, 22/05/2019 - 23/05/2019.

Noiray, N, Schulz, O, Weilenmann, M, Bourquard, C, Xiong, Y, Ebi, D & Doll, U 2019, 'Combustion Dynamics in Sequential combustors.', TCP on Clean and Efficient Combustion, Montreux, Switzerland, 01/01/2019.

Liang, C , Zhang, L , Nord, NB , Carvalho, PN & Bester, K 2019, 'Co-metabolism or competitive inhibition between acetate and pharmaceuticals in post-treatment moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR)?', TransCon2019, Ascona, Switzerland, 28/04/2019 - 03/05/2019 pp. 87-87.

Blom-Hansen, J 2019, Comitology: controlling everyday rule-making in the European Union. in Oxford research encyclopedia of politics. Oxford University Press, Oxford. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1058

Kitada, M, Baldauf, M, Mannov, A, Svendsen, PA, Baumler, R, Schröder-Hinrichs, J-U, Dalaklis, D, Fonseca, T, Shi, X & Lagdami, K 2019, Command of Vessels in the Era of Digitalization. in JI Kantola, S Nazir & T Barath (eds), Advances in Human Factors, Business Management and Society - Proceedings of the AHFE 2018 International Conference on Human Factors, Business Management and Society, 2018: Proceedings of the AHFE 2018 International Conference on Human Factors, Business Management and Society, July 21-25, 2018, Loews Sapphire Falls Resort at Universal Studios, Orlando, Florida, USA. Springer, Switzerland, pp. 339-350, International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics, Orlando, Florida, United States, 21/07/2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94709-9_32

Sørensen, BS 2019, 'Commentary: RBE in proton therapy–where is the experimental in vivo data?', Acta Oncologica, vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 1337-1339. https://doi.org/10.1080/0284186X.2019.1669819

Blomhøj, M 2019, Commentary on Part III: Connections to Theory and Practice. in SA Chamberlin & B Sriraman (eds), Affect in Mathematical Modeling. 1 edn, vol. 1, Springer, Switzerland, Advances in Mathematics Education, pp. 203-210. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04432-9

Whomsley, R, Brendler-Schwaab, S, Griffin, E, Jensen, J, Moermond, C, Scholz, B, Nilssen, LS, Stemplewski, H & Roennefahrt, I 2019, 'Commentary on the draft revised guideline on the environmental risk assessment of medicinal products for human use', Environmental Sciences Europe, vol. 31, no. 1, 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-019-0198-9

Hansen, NH 2019, 'Commentary: The Compassion Crisi in healthcare', Journal of medicine and clinical science, pp. 1-2.

Nsah, KT 2019, Comment expliquer la timide mobilisation de la jeunesse africaine pour le climat ?. <https://theconversation.com/comment-expliquer-la-timide-mobilisation-de-la-jeunesse-africaine-pour-le-climat-118935#comment_1959517>

Britz, D 2019, 'Comment on ‘‘Atmospheric chemistry of iodine anions: elementary reactions of I, IO and IO2 with ozone studied in the gas-phase at 300 K using an ion trap’’ Teiwes et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 20608', Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 21, no. 40, pp. 22654-22655. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9CP03851E

Paskevicius, M, Jakobsen, AS, Bregnhøj, M , Hansen, BRS , Møller, KT , Ogilby, PR & Jensen, TR 2019, 'Comment on “Bi-functional Li₂B₁₂H₁₂ for energy storage and conversion applications: solid-state electrolyte and luminescent down-conversion dye” by J. A. Teprovich Jr, H. Colón-Mercado, A. L. Washington II, P. A. Ward, S. Greenway, D. M. Missimer, H. Hartman, J. Velten, J. H. Christian and R. Zidan, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3, 22853: solid-state electrolyte and luminescent down-conversion dye" by J. A. Teprovich Jr, H. Colon-Mercado, A. L. Washington II, P. A. Ward, S. Greenway, D. M. Missimer, H. Hartman, J. Velten, J. H. Christian and R. Zidan, J-Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3, 22853', Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 4185-4187. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA10735A, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA10735A

Suhr, C 2019, 'Comment on Dada Docot's "Taking the Long Route: Ethnographic Metacommentary as Method in the Anthropological Film Practice"', Current Anthropology, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 791-792.

Bulla, M, Reneerkens, J, Weiser, EL, Sokolov, A, Taylor, AR, Sittler, B, McCaffery, BJ, Ruthrauff, DR, Catlin, DH, Payer, DC, Ward, DH, Solovyeva, DV, Santos, ESA, Rakhimberdiev, E, Nol, E, Kwon, E, Brown, GS, Hevia, GD, Gates, HR, Johnson, JA, van Gils, JA, Hansen, J, Lamarre, J-F, Rausch, J, Conklin, JR, Liebezeit, J, Bêty, J, Lang, J, Alves, JA, Fernández-Elipe, J, Exo, K-M, Bollache, L, Bertellotti, M, Giroux, M-A, van de Pol, M, Johnson, M, Boldenow, ML, Valcu, M, Soloviev, M, Sokolova, N, Senner, NR, Lecomte, N, Meyer, N, Schmidt, NM, Gilg, O, Smith, PA, Machín, P, McGuire, RL, Cerboncini, RAS, Ottvall, R, van Bemmelen, RSA, Swift, RJ, Saalfeld, ST, Jamieson, SE, Brown, S, Piersma, T, Albrecht, T, D’Amico, V, Lanctot, RB & Kempenaers, B 2019, 'Comment on “Global pattern of nest predation is disrupted by climate change in shorebirds”', Science, vol. 364, no. 6445, 8529. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw8529

McGinnity, CJ, Årstad, E, Beck, K, Brooks, DJ, Coles, JP, Duncan, JS, Galovic, M, Hinz, R, Hirani, E, Howes, OD, Jones, PA, Koepp, MJ, Luo, F, Riaño Barros, DA, Singh, N, Trigg, W & Hammers, A 2019, 'Comment on " In Vivo [18F]GE-179 Brain Signal Does Not Show NMDA-Specific Modulation with Drug Challenges in Rodents and Nonhuman Primates"', ACS Chemical Neuroscience, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 768-772. https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00246

Hulman, A , Bjerg, L & Carstensen, B 2019, 'Comment on Laiteerapong et al. The Legacy Effect in Type 2 Diabetes: Impact of Early Glycemic Control on Future Complications (The Diabetes & Aging Study). Diabetes Care 2019;42: 416–426', Diabetes Care, vol. 42, no. 3, E45. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-1779

Hulman, A 2019, 'Comment on Scholtens et al. Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-up Study (HAPO FUS): Maternal Glycemia and Childhood Glucose Metabolism. Diabetes Care 2019;42:381-392', Diabetes Care, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 381-392. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-0650

Kirkegård, J , Mortensen, FV & Cronin Fenton, D 2019, 'Comment on “Surgery Improves Survival After Neoadjuvant Therapy for Borderline and Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer”', Annals of Surgery, vol. 270, no. 6, pp. e138-e139. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000003422

Thysen, SM & Fisker, AB 2019, 'Comment on the trial protocol "Early versus late BCG vaccination in HIV-1-exposed infants in Uganda: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial"', Trials, vol. 20, no. 1, 123. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-019-3213-y

Heymann, M 2019, 'Comments on Rémi Gandoin, A call to historicize wind and site studies', Journal of Energy History/Revue d'histoire de l'énergie, vol. 1, no. 2. <http://www.energyhistory.eu/fr/interpellation/call-historicize-wind-and-site-studies>

Damgård, IB , Haagh, H , Nielsen, M & Orlandi, C 2019, Commodity-Based 2PC for Arithmetic Circuits. Cryptology ePrint Archive.

Damgård, I , Haagh, H , Nielsen, M & Orlandi, C 2019, Commodity-Based 2PC for Arithmetic Circuits. in M Albrecht (ed.), Cryptography and Coding - 17th IMA International Conference, IMACC 2019, Proceedings. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 11929, pp. 154-177, 17th IMA International Conference on Cryptography and Coding, IMACC 2019, Oxford, United Kingdom, 16/12/2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35199-1_8

EFSA Panel Plant Hlth EFSA PLH Pan 2019, 'Commodity risk assessment of black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) bonsai from Japan', EFSA Journal, vol. 17, no. 5, e05667. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5667

Sjölin, H, Lindström, V, Hult, H, Ringsted, C & Kurland, L 2019, 'Common core content in education for nurses in ambulance care in Sweden, Finland and Belgium', Nurse Education in Practice, vol. 38, pp. 34-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2019.05.017

Andersson, T, Ertürk Bergdahl, G, Saleh, K, Magnúsdóttir, H, Stødkilde, K , Andersen, CBF, Lundqvist, K, Jensen, A , Brüggemann, H & Lood, R 2019, 'Common skin bacteria protect their host from oxidative stress through secreted antioxidant RoxP', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 3596. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40471-3

Eichner, S 2019, 'Communicating with Fictional Television: Lifeworld and Practical Sense Making Revisited', IAMCR 2019, Madrid, Spain, 07/07/2019 - 11/07/2019.

Pearce, JM, Lindekilde, L , Parker, D & Rogers, MB 2019, 'Communicating with the Public About Marauding Terrorist Firearms Attacks: Results from a Survey Experiment on Factors Influencing Intention to "Run, Hide, Tell" in the United Kingdom and Denmark', Risk Analysis, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 1675-1694. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13301

Damgård, I , Larsen, KG & Nielsen, JB 2019, Communication Lower Bounds for Statistically Secure MPC, With or Without Preprocessing. in A Boldyreva & D Micciancio (eds), Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO 2019 - 39th Annual International Cryptology Conference, Proceedings. vol. II, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 11693, pp. 61-84, 39th Annual International Cryptology Conference, CRYPTO 2019, Santa Barbara, United States, 18/08/2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26951-7_3

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Goudos, SK, Sarigiannidis, P, Dallas, PI & Kyriazakos, S 2019, Communication protocols for the IoT-based smart grid. in K Siozioz, D Anagnostos, D Soudris & E Kosmatopoulos (eds), IoT for Smart Grids: Design Challenges and Paradigms. Springer, Power Systems, pp. 55-83. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03640-9_4

Singh, DK & Prasad, R 2019, Communication Technology and Social Science Correlation. in 6th Global Wireless Summit, GWS 2018., 8686649, IEEE, pp. 181-186, 6th Global Wireless Summit, GWS 2018, Chiang Rai, Thailand, 25/11/2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/GWS.2018.8686649

Vilstrup, E , Graversen, DS , Huibers, L , Christensen, MB & Pedersen, AF 2019, 'Communicative characteristics of general practitioner-led and nurse-led telephone triage at two Danish out-of-hours services: An observational study of 200 recorded calls', BMJ Open, vol. 9, no. 6, e028434. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028434

Kjærgaard, N, Bodilsen, J, Justesen, US, Schønheyder, HC, Andersen, CØ, Ellermann-Eriksen, S, Dzajic, E, Chen, M, Møller, JK, Dessau, RB, Frimodt-Møller, N, Jarløv, JO, Nielsen, H & Danish Study Group of Infections of the Brain 2019, 'Community-acquired meningitis caused by beta-haemolytic streptococci in adults: a nationwide population-based cohort study', European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 2305-2310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-019-03678-w

Lygidakis, C, Uwizihiwe, JP , Kallestrup, P, Bia, M, Condo, J & Vögele, C 2019, 'Community- and mHealth-based integrated management of diabetes in primary healthcare in Rwanda (D²Rwanda): the protocol of a mixed-methods study including a cluster randomised controlled trial', BMJ Open, vol. 9, no. 7, e028427, pp. e028427. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028427

Bjerre, ED, Petersen, TH, Jørgensen, AB, Johansen, C, Krustrup, P, Langdahl, B, Poulsen, MH, Madsen, SS, Østergren, PB, Borre, M, Rørth, M, Brasso, K & Midtgaard, J 2019, 'Community-based football in men with prostate cancer: 1-year follow-up on a pragmatic, multicentre randomised controlled trial', PLOS Medicine, vol. 16, no. 10, e1002936. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002936

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