Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Kugathasan, L, Nardone, M, Muskiet, M, Diaz Martinez, JP, Lovblom, LE, Orchanian-Cheff, A, Nielsen, S, Rotbain, V, Kazup, A, Cersosimo, E, Gullaksen, S , Vernstrom, L, van Baar, MJB, van Bommel, E, Kannenkeril, D, Scholtes, R, Hesp, A, Mosterd, C, Touw, DJ, Lambers Heerspink, H, Krebbe, M, Joles, J, Kvitne, K, Laugesen, E , Mose, F , Mårup, FH, Nieuwdorp, M, Geist, B, Maruyama, S, Kato, S, Kalambokis, G, Tsiakas, I, Jensen, J, Schou, M, Omar, M, Kistorp, CM, Perna, A, Ruggenenti, P, Persson, F, Schmieder, R, Singh, S, van Raalte, DH, Cherney, D & Srinivasan Sridhar, V 2026, 'Mechanisms of SGLT inhibitor action and physiological mediators: systematic review and protocol for the MOSAIC collaborative meta-analysis', BMJ Open, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. e108946. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108946

Guo, H 2026, 'Mechanisms regulating methane emissions in pristine and rewetted wetlands: The roles of environmental interactions, land-use legacies, and brackish water rewetting', PhD, Aarhus University.

Ričko, S , Enemærke, VJ , Hagen, F & Jørgensen, KA 2026, 'Mechanistic Insights in Cobalt-Salen Complexes in Oxa-6π Electrocyclizations', Organometallics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 397-401. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.organomet.5c00498

Zhang, Y 2026, 'Mechanobiology at Single Cell Level', PhD, Aarhus University.

Mkrtchyan, S, Zapletal, J, Elumalai, D, Purohit, VB, Prajapati, RV, Prajapati, VD, Addová, G, Filo, J, Bielec, B, Shalimov, O, Sillanpää, M, Katayev, D & Iarosheko, VO 2026, 'Mechanochemical synthesis of carboxylic acids and amides: Nickel-catalyzed direct carbonylation of aryl halides using dry ice', Journal of CO2 Utilization, vol. 106, 103384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2026.103384

Mortensen, JF, Blanche, P, Blom, CS , Vase, M, Overgaard, S, Kappel, A, Lindberg-Larsen, M, Madsen, F, Stephensen, SL, Schrøder, HM, Rasmussen, LE, Kristensen, PW, Østgaard, SE & Odgaard, A 2026, 'Medial Unicompartmental Versus Total Knee Arthroplasty in the Treatment of Isolated Anteromedial Knee Osteoarthritis: Two-Year Results from a Double-Blinded, Multicenter, Randomized Trial of 350 Patients', Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.25.00612

Shapiro, A 2026, 'Mediation by Meditation: The Hebrew Bible as a Virtual Hypertext', Paper presented at ISSN Narrative Conference 2026, Aarhus, Denmark, 04/06/2026 - 06/06/2026.

Dellsén, F, Latham, AJ, Norton, J & Varga, S 2026, 'Medical Progress: Science Versus Practice', Erkenntnis, vol. 91, pp. 1445–1468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-025-00953-5

Zhang, Z-P , Chatwin, H , Larsen, JT , Clausen, L , Agerbo, E , Munk-Olsen, T , Bang Madsen, K , Vilhjálmsson, BJ , Petersen, LV & Yilmaz, Z 2026, 'Medication use in severe anorexia nervosa: a Danish register-based study', BMJ Mental Health, vol. 29, no. 1, e302047. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2025-302047

Velázquez, E, Lassaletta, L, Galea, C, Vallejo, A, Hurtado, J, Garnier, J, Butterbach-Bahl, K, González-Murua, C, Fuertes-Mendizábal, T, Estavillo, JM, Zaman, M & Sanz-Cobena, A 2026, 'Mediterranean riparian zones as hotspots of greenhouse gases: effects of vegetation, distance to the riverbank and wet periods', Geoderma, vol. 465, 117632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117632

Hansen, TS 2026, 'Meeting nutritional and physical activity support needs for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: development and feasibility test of a complex intervention', PhD, Aarhus University.

Bostrup, MS 2026, Mellem lærdom, fromhed og oplysning: Ansgarbilledet ca. 1500-1800. in KH Andersen, C Bach-Nielsen, MS Bostrup & NA Pedersen (eds), Ansgar: Nordens apostel gennem 1200 år. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Århus, pp. 317-342.

Andersen, JE 2026, 'Mellemøsten til litterær debat og en rygvendt symbolstjerne: Anmeldelse af Mikkel Thykier, Livstegn / Daglig tale IV-V', Litteraturmagasinet Standart, vol. 41, no. 2.

Xu, X, Sun, T, Qing, X, Liu, S, Yang, P, Dong, M, Liu, J, Ren, Y, Shen, Q, Scheu, S, Li, R, Kowalchuk, GA & Krashevska, V 2026, 'Meloidogyne nematodes reprogram rhizosphere metabolism to suppress antagonistic microbiota and enable bacterial pathogen co-infection', Cell Reports, vol. 45, no. 2, 116949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2026.116949

Zhang, Y, Zhao, F, Chen, S, Li, B, Dong, J, Chen, Y, Liu, Y, Qiao, A & Chen, M 2026, 'Melt electrowriting-enabled hybrid platforms: Toward functional biomimetic scaffolds for cellular interaction and tissue regeneration', Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 213, pp. 21-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2026.02.015

Kansteiner, W, Erll, A (ed.) & Herst, W (ed.) 2026, Memory Cubed: The Battle Lines of 21st Century Mnemonic Conflicts. in Cognition, Culture, and Political Momentum: A Companion to Interdisciplinary Memory Research. Oxford University Press.

Kingo, OS , Gaïni, L , Sonne, T & Krøjgaard, P 2026, 'Memory for complex dynamic events across two weeks in early infancy', Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, vol. 264, 106438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2025.106438

Friis, T, Nissen, M & Khawaja, I 2026, Memory Work. in The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology.

Tønnesvang, J , Andersen, LB & Bachmann, RG 2026, 'Mening og motivation: Sådan skaber du engagement i hverdagen', lederweb.dk. <https://www.lederweb.dk/mening-og-motivation-saadan-skaber-du-engagement-i-hverdagen/?utm_campaign=Mening%20og%20motivation%3A%20S%C3%A5dan%20skaber%20du%20engagement%20i%20hverdagen&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Newsletter>

Jensen, ASB, Bentzen, JG, Goetze, JP, Hansen, M, Dam, TV, Christensen, SA, Ludvigsen, TP, Nyberg, M & Terzic, D 2026, 'Menstrual cycle phase and hormonal contraceptive use influence circulating proforms of atrial natriuretic peptide, adrenomedullin, and the vasopressin proxy copeptin in healthy women', Peptides, vol. 195, 171465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2026.171465

Almeida da Paz, M, Yildiz, U, Kim, M, Campos-Fornés, V, Pinkasz, M, Dahlet, T, Noh, KM & Taher, L 2026, 'MER57E3 transposable elements regulate gene expression in a human cell model of neural development', Genome Biology, vol. 27, no. 1, 66. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-026-03946-x

Ofosu, GK, Seeberg, MB & Wahman, M 2026, 'Messages matter: How voter education campaigns affect citizens’ willingness to vote for women', The Journal of Politics, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 145-161. https://doi.org/10.1086/734252

Meng, Y, Liu, X, Li, Y, Huang, L, Tian, X, Ata-Ul-Karim, ST, Yu, K, Zha, H, Liu, X, Tian, Y, Zhu, Y, Cao, W & Cao, Q 2026, 'Meta-analysis of environmental-induced changes in optimal nitrogen rate of wheat at regional scale in China', Field Crops Research, vol. 338, 110295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110295

Dittrich, A , Andersson, SA , Busk, M , Hansen, K , Foldager, CB , Palmfeldt, J , Andersen, A , Pedersen, M , Vendelbo, M , Nielsen, KL & Lauridsen, H 2026, 'Metabolic changes during cardiac regeneration in the axolotl', Developmental Dynamics, vol. 255, no. 1, pp. 66-85. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.70020

Kjærgaard, U 2026, 'Metabolic Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Hyperpolarized MRI', PhD, Aarhus University.

Mikkelsen, ACD , Amby, KK, Lauridsen, MM & Thomsen, KL 2026, 'Metabolisk dysfunktionsassocieret steatotisk leversygdom kan påvirke hjernen', Ugeskrift for Læger, vol. 188, no. 7. https://doi.org/10.61409/V07250544

Li, X, Wang, Y, Bahram, M, Xian, Y, Huang, R, Tedersoo, L, Wang, C & Li, B 2026, 'Metabolomic responses of free-living diazotrophs inoculated on biochar', Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, vol. 14, no. 1, 121068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2026.121068

Mazancieux, A, Hat, K, Rutiku, R, Wierzchoń, M & Sandberg, K 2026, 'Metacognition in Decision-Making Across Domains and Modalities: Evidence From Three Studies', Psychological Science, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 106-124. https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976251415354

Laurent, M , Baysinger, MR, Bartholomäus, A, Windirsch, T, Strauss, J, Sanders, T, Liebner, S & Treat, C 2026, 'Metagenomic Analysis of Thawing Permafrost Highlights Links Between Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling Processes in Abrupt Thaw Simulation', Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 131, no. 3, e2025JG009630. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JG009630

Bellankimath, AB, Branders, S, Kegel, I, Ali, J, Asadi, F, Johansen, TEB, Imirzalioglu, C, Hain, T, Wagenlehner, F & Ahmad, R 2026, 'Metagenomic sequencing enables accurate pathogen and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling in complicated UTIs in approximately four hours', Nature Communications, vol. 17, no. 1, 187. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66865-8

Lin, Q , Cai, X, Zhong, Z, Li, T, Chen, X, Ayalew, W, Xu, Z, Wei, C, Zhang, X, Cheng, H, Zhang, Z, Li, X, Tang, Y, Chen, S, Zhou, J, Si, J, Wu, X, Ning, C, Wang, Q, Pan, Y, Gao, Y, Li, J, Yu, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhao, Y, Fang, L & Zhang, Z 2026, 'Meta-GWAS of Pig Semen Quality Traits Reveals Conserved Genes Regulating Mammalian Fertility', Advanced Science, vol. 13, no. 16, e15203. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202515203

Kristensen, LR 2026, 'Metal hydridoborate derivatives as fast solid-state ion conductors', PhD, Aarhus University.

Wang, F , Vig Benfeldt, F , Khazaee, Z , Nygaard Nielsen, ML , Marks, MJ , Ouyang, Y , Lock, N, Gao, R, Guo, Z & Eser, BE 2026, 'Metal–Organic Framework Encapsulation of Ferulic Acid Decarboxylase: Robust Biocomposites Catalyzing Synthetically Useful Decarboxylation and Synergized CO₂Fixation Reactions', ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1884-1898. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c09355

Liebermann, R 2026, Metaphors of Judgement. in Handbook on the Book of Ezekiel. Equinox Publishing.

Pallesen, LT, Pedersen, A-K, Sankaranarayanan, I, Feldman-Goriachnik, R, Ahlgreen, OA , Pinheiro, AM, He, L, Baake, J , Hansen, MW , Richner, M , Ellegaard, LD, Petersen, KA, Fjord-Larsen, L, Olsen, JV, Munro, G, Hanani, M, Price, TJ & Vægter, CB 2026, 'Meteorin Resolves Nociceptive Hypersensitivity by Reducing Connexin-Mediated Coupling in Satellite Glial Cells', Glia, vol. 74, no. 2, e70105. https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.70105

Lynderup, EM , Vendelbo, M , Kirk, FT , Vase, KH , Alstrup, AKO, Rieder, T, DiSpirito, AA, Semrau, JD, Laursen, TL , Ott, P, Zischka, H & Sandahl, TD 2026, 'Methanobactin rapidly facilitates biliary copper excretion in a Wilson disease rat model visualised by ⁶⁴Cu PET/MRI', British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 183, no. 2, pp. 268-279. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.70099

Krzyslak, H, Szejniuk, WM, Falkmer, U, Honoré, B, Jørgensen, MM, Sten, C, Pedersen, S, Christiansen, G & Kristensen, SR 2026, 'Methodological and Short-Term Diurnal Variation in Surface and Cargo Proteins in Plasma Extracellular Vesicles', Current issues in molecular biology, vol. 48, no. 1, 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48010120

Duin, JJ, Smits, RAL, Krans, T, Dekkers, OM, Trompet, S, de Groot, B, Mooijaart, SP & van den Bos, F 2026, 'Methodological approaches to estimate physical resilience in older adults: a comparison across two clinical settings', Age and Ageing, vol. 55, no. 2, afag025. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afag025

Pedersen, J , Hafner, SD & Pacholski, A 2026, 'Methodological factors affecting ammonia emission measurement with flux chambers from field-applied biogas digestate slurry (Technical note)', Atmospheric Environment: X, vol. 29, 100408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100408

Evenhuis, A, Bain, RA, Abuley, IK, Hausladen, H & Schepers, HTAM 2026, 'Methodology to Determine Fungicide Efficacy Ratings for the EuroBlight Tables – Potato Late or Early Blight', Potato Research, vol. 69, 68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11540-026-10014-1

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Matousek, C 2026 'Metric completions of triangulated categories from hereditary rings'. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.20283

Sakai, Y, Behrends, C, Cuervo, AM, Debnath, J, Izumi, M, Jenny, A, Molinari, M, Nakamura, S, Oku, M, Otegui, MS, Santambrogio, L, Shen, H-M, Taguchi, T, Thumm, M, Ushimaru, T, Xie, Z & Reggiori, F 2026, 'Microautophagy: definition, classification, and the complexity of the underlying mechanisms', Autophagy, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 3-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2025.2559687

Sakai, Y, Behrends, C, Debnath, J, Izumi, M, Jenny, A, Molinari, M, Nakamura, S, Oku, M, Otegui, MS, Santambrogio, L, Shen, H-M, Taguchi, T, Thumm, M, Ushimaru, T, Xie, Z, Cuervo, AM & Reggiori, F 2026, 'Microautophagy: current understanding of its molecular mechanisms and functions', Autophagy Reports, vol. 5, no. 1, 2626661. https://doi.org/10.1080/27694127.2026.2626661

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Shang, Y , Liang, Z , Siddique, IA, Dippold, M, Abalos, D & Olesen, JE 2026, 'Microbial and plant-derived carbon contributions to particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon in perennial and annual cropping systems', Geoderma, vol. 466, 117688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117688

Kindtler, NL, Sheikh, S, He, R, Fonseca, RRD, Laursen, KH & Ekelund, F 2026, 'Microbial diversity loss affects old and modern barley cultivars differently under varying nitrogen sources', Microbiological Research, vol. 306, 128458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2026.128458

Zhang, W, Lu, Y, Peixoto, L, Ji, C, Yang, H, Wang, K, Zhang, J, Wang, J, Shi, L, Zhou, J, Li, FM & Sánchez-Rodríguez, AR 2026, 'Microbial efficiency drives depth-dependent soil carbon storage under organic fertilization', Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 402, 129010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129010

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Displaying results 2201 to 2250 out of 389685

Revised 08.12.2025

Lise Refstrup Linnebjerg Pedersen