Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Feng, S, Williamson, CJ, Cook, JM, Onuma, Y, Takeuchi, N, Magno Anesio, A, Benning, LG & Tranter, M 2025, 'A new dark ice albedo threshold and its applications', Environmental Research Letters, vol. 20, no. 8, 084066. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adeea9

Bakiri, L, Tichet, M, Marques, C, Thomsen, MK, Allen, EA, Stolzlechner, S, Cheng, K, Matsuoka, K, Squatrito, M, Hanahan, D & Wagner, EF 2025, 'A new effLuc/Kate dual reporter allele for tumor imaging in mice', DMM Disease Models and Mechanisms, vol. 18, no. 1, dmm052130. https://doi.org/10.1242/dmm.052130

Pawlowski, J, Holzmann, M, Cedhagen, T & Gooday, AJ 2025, 'A New Higher-level Molecular Taxonomy of Monothalamous Foraminifera', Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.

Baum, CM, Brutschin, E, Fritz, L & Sovacool, BK 2025, 'A new hope or phantom menace? Exploring climate emotions and public support for climate interventions across 30 countries', Risk Analysis, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 2323-2340. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.17713

Nielsen-Kudsk, JE, Aminian, A, De Backer, O, Iriart, X, Berti, S, Galea, R, Freixa, X, Räber, L, Cruz-Gonzalez, I, Wunderlich, NC & Garot, P 2025, 'A new implanter classification system for left atrial appendage closure from the European Left Atrial Appendage Closure Club (ELAACC)', EuroIntervention, vol. 21, no. 11, pp. e594-e604. https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJ-D-24-00954

Yankelzon, I, Willibald, G, Dannenmann, M, Malique, F, Ostler, U, Scheer, C & Butterbach-Bahl, K 2025, 'A new incubation system to simultaneously measure n₂ as well as n₂o and co₂ fluxes from plant-soil mesocosms', Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 401-419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01809-w

Weise, KF, Mikic, N, F., C, Wong, ET, Knösche, TR, Thielscher, A & Korshoej, AR 2025 'A New Method for Optimal Placement of Tumor Treating Fields Electrodes' bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.11.19.689304

White, SM, Wondergem, AP, Breet, I, Dittmaier, M, Bell, K, Richmond, CM, Hardikar, W, Bhatia, K, Quinlan, C, Orchard, D, D’Souza, A, Chazin, WJ, Smith, C, Sparkes, R, Lam, S, Carter, A, Hopkin, RJ, Khendek, L, Sullivan, BR, Becher, N , Simonsen, AKW , Kvistgaard, H, Dempsey, K, Miethke, AG, Gregersen, PA, Phillips, E & Luijsterburg, MS 2025, 'A new multisystem ERCC1-hepatorenal syndrome: insights from a clinical cohort, molecular pathogenesis, and management guidelines', European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 1252-1263. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-025-01910-0

Ostergaard, JR 2025, 'A New Perspective on Agitation in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Potential Paradigm Shift', International Journal of Molecular Sciences , vol. 26, no. 7, 3370. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073370

Fierro-Minda, A, Tribble, CM, Guerrero-Molina, T, Tobar, F & Pérez, ÁJ 2025, 'A new species of Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae) from an historically documented location in Ecuador', Phytotaxa, vol. 705, no. 2, pp. 227-234. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.10

Læsaa, S 2025, 'A new twist on ammonia production More efficient electrochemical synthesis using “designer” hydrogen-binding mediators', PhD, Aarhus University.

Lam, T, Dörnemann, N & Dette, H 2025 'A New Two-Sample Test for Covariance Matrices in High Dimensions: U-Statistics Meet Leading Eigenvalues'.

Albertsen, A & Lever, A 2025, 'A new way to serve democracy: recruiting poll workers and electoral participation', Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 866-885. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2025.2524984

Tao, L, Huang, L, Zhao, X, Clausen, J, Zhang, Q, Jiao, B & Zhu, H 2025, 'An exact implementation of the generalized Zhang-Zhu criterion for elasto-plastic finite element calculations', Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 4527-4538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2024.09.043

Priyadarshi, N, Padmanaban, S, Bhaskar, MS & Khan, B 2025, 'An experimental performance verification of continuous mixed P-norm based adaptive asymmetrical fuzzy logic controller for single stage photovoltaic grid integration', IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 19, no. 1, e12410. https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.12410

Jentzsch, K, van Delden, L, Fuchs, M & Treat, CC 2025, 'An expert survey on chamber measurement techniques and data handling procedures for methane fluxes', Earth System Science Data, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 2331-2372. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2331-2025

Hiscox, A, Jones, RT, Dennehy, J, Dyall, W, Paris, L, Spencer, FI, Keating, F, Seelig, F, Narendran, A, Das, A & Logan, JG 2025, 'An exploration of current and future vector-borne disease threats and opportunities for change', Frontiers in Public Health, vol. 13, 1585412. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1585412

Christie, F, Allen, M, Burke, C & Thomsen, R 2025, 'An exploration of the impact of different peer learning activities utilised to develop student employability', Teaching in Higher Education, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 1140-1156. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2024.2394061

Reneerkens, J, Schekkerman, H, Langendoen, T & van Roomen, M 2025, An exploration of variation in short- and long-term population trends of coastal waterbirds along the East Atlantic Flyway. in M van Roomen, J Reneerkens, G Citegetse, O Crowe, K Gueye, T Langendoen, T Dodman, K Meise & H Schekkerman (eds), East Atlantic Flyway assessment 2023. The status of coastal waterbird populations and their sites. Wadden Sea Flyway Initiative p/a CWSS, pp. 17-25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15423626

Kesting, P & Smolinski, R 2025, Angela Merkel: The Quiet Powerhouse of Global Negotiation. in R Smolinski (ed.), Negotiators who Changed the World : Timeless Lessons on Leadership and Negotiation. Springer, Cham, pp. 233-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90367-0_12

Birkeland, P, Kelsen, J, Diaz, A, Lauritsen, J, von Weitzel-Mudersbach, P & Karabegovic, S 2025, 'Angiographic Characteristics and Progression in A Comprehensive Nationwide European MOYAMOYA Cohort', European Journal of Neurology, vol. 32, no. 10, e70364. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.70364

Møller, J, Hilberg, O, Nissen, PH , Møller, HJ & Bendstrup, KE 2025, 'Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotypes and sarcoidosis: Correlation with susceptibility, progression and treatment response', Sarcoidosis Vasculitis and Diffuse Lung Diseases, vol. 42, no. 2, 16324. https://doi.org/10.36141/svdld.v42i2.16324

Tang, Z , Doktor, FG , Jaganathan, R, Palotás, J, Oomens, J, Hornekær, L & Hammer, B 2025, 'Anharmonic infrared spectra of cationic pyrene and superhydrogenated derivatives', Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 163, no. 4, 044304. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0276133

Dahl, K , Robinson, BJO , Buur, H , Andersen, KR , Andersen, NR , Göke, C , Hansen, JLS & Winding, A 2025, Anholt wind farm’s impact on benthic biodiversity at turbine and farm level. Teknisk rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, no. 330, vol. 2025, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. <https://dce.au.dk/fileadmin/dce.au.dk/Udgivelser/Tekniske_rapporter_300-349/TR330.pdf>

Hashemi, N , Tsochatzis, E , Rasmussen, MK & Corredig, M 2025, 'An in vitro study of oral bioavailability of lupin stabilized nanocarriers for curcumin', Food Chemistry, vol. 468, 142384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142384

Dahl-Pedersen, K, Thomsen, PT & Herskin, MS 2025, ANIMALAW: examining veterinary evidence in legal cases of animal welfare offences in animal transport. in AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO BEHAVIOURAL MEDICINE, ANIMAL WELFARE, ETHICS AND LAW. pp. 53, 7th annual meeting of the European Veterinary Congress
of Behavioural Medicine and Animal Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, 18/09/2025. <https://evcbmaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/EVCBMAW-2025-proceedings_.pdf>

Fløe, LVB , Pedersen, MG & Møller, BK 2025, 'Animal models in preclinical evaluation of CAR-T cell therapy: Advantages and limitations', Biochimica et biophysica acta (BBA) - Reviews on cancer, vol. 1880, no. 6, 189455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbcan.2025.189455

Mwilawa, AJ, Gurmu, EB, Weisbjerg, MR, Laswai, GH, Poole, J & Arndt, C 2025, 'Animal performance and methane emissions in feedlot vs, traditional pastoral systems with concentrate supplementation for Tanzanian Short Horn Zebu and Boran cattle', Pastoralism, vol. 15, 15238. https://doi.org/10.3389/past.2025.15238

Wellner, G, Rosenberger, R, de Boer, B, Botin, L, Forss, A, Hasse, C, Irwin, SO, Friis, JKB, Lally, R, Lewis, R, Michelfelder, D, Nagataki, S, Nizzi, MC, Riis, S & Verbeek, PP 2025, 'Animal Technics: A Tribute to Don Ihde', Philosophy and Technology, vol. 38, no. 4, 176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-025-01002-3

Tomioka, J 2025, Anime-pilgrimsrejser og anime-turisme i Japan. in J Borup & A Hansen (eds), Oplev Japan. Forlaget Univers, Højbjerg, pp. 164-179.

Braun, L, Castagnos, G, Damgård, I, Laguillaumie, F, Melissaris, K , Orlandi, C & Tucker, I 2025, 'An Improved Threshold Homomorphic Cryptosystem Based on Class Groups', Cryptography and Communications, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 1367-1406. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12095-025-00826-2

Colomboni, R, Esposito, E & Paudice, A 2025, 'An improved uniform convergence bound with fat-shattering dimension', Information Processing Letters, vol. 188, 106539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2024.106539

Ioakim, A, Greś, S, Döhler, M, Prendergast, LJ & Chatzi, E 2025, 'An indirect data-driven model-updating framework to estimate soil–pile interaction parameters using output-only data', Engineering Structures, vol. 328, 119699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.119699

Almhagen, E, Alkhiat, A, Sorcini, B, Alpsten, F, Kronborg, CJS , Rønde, HS, Guren, MG, Pilskog, S & Valdman, A 2025, 'An In Silico Feasibility Study of Dose-Escalated Hypofractionated Proton Therapy for Rectal Cancer', Cancers, vol. 17, no. 16, 2627. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17162627

Blanco-Llamero, C, García-García, P & Señoráns, FJ 2025, 'An Integrated Biorefinery Process to Revalorize Marine Biomass from the Microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana Using Pressurized Green Solvents', Marine Drugs, vol. 23, no. 7, 263. https://doi.org/10.3390/md23070263

Elad, T, Tang, K, Pierrelée, M, Jensen, MM, Bentzon-Tilia, M, Smets, BF, Dechesne, A & Valverde-Pérez, B 2025, 'An integrated meta-omics approach for identifying candidate organic micropollutant degraders in complex microbial communities', Water Research, vol. 286, 124217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.124217

Wisher, I & Tylén, K 2025, An integrative approach to early symbolic evolution: Experimenting with the past. in The Oxford Handbook of Approaches to Language Evolution. Oxford University Press, pp. 259-274.

Paust, S , Thrane, C & Korsgaard, S 2025, 'An integrative literature review of Prototyping in management research: Definition and research agenda', Journal of Business Venturing Design, vol. 4, 100026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvd.2025.100026

Wei, Z , Ren, J , Eriksen, JG , Jensen, K , Mortensen, HR , Korreman, SS & Nijkamp, J 2025, 'An interactive deep-learning workflow for head and neck gross tumour volume segmentation', Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology, vol. 35, 100820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phro.2025.100820

Ranade, AS, Oka, GA, Belthur, MV, Shah, H, Herman, MJ, Fernandes, JA, Hamdy, R, Hailer, YD, Canavese, F, Monsell, F, Gelfer, Y, Eastwood, DM, Huser, A, Laine, J, McCarthy, J, Aroojis, A, Cooper, A, Barr, A, Herman Mare, P, Hosny, GA, Kishan, S, Marangoz, S, Moreno Grangeiro, P, Møller-Madsen, B, Nunn, T & Shah, M 2025, 'An International Consensus on Evaluation and Management of Idiopathic Genu Valgum: A Modified Delphi Survey', Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, vol. 45, no. 5, 10.1097/BPO.0000000000002908, pp. 274-280. https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000002908

Potpara, T, Grygier, M, Haeusler, KG, Nielsen-Kudsk, JE, Berti, S, Genovesi, S, Marijon, E, Boveda, S, Tzikas, A, Boriani, G, Boersma, LVA, Tondo, C, Potter, TD, Lip, GYH, Schnabel, RB, Bauersachs, R, Senzolo, M, Basile, C, Bianchi, S, Osmancik, P, Schmidt, B, Landmesser, U, Doehner, W, Hindricks, G, Kovac, J & Camm, AJ 2025, 'An International Consensus Practical Guide on Left Atrial Appendage Closure for the Non-implanting Physician: Executive Summary', Thrombosis and Haemostasis, vol. 125, no. 9, pp. 825-846. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2469-4896

Leunbach, TL, Yankovic, F, Springer, A, Wisniewski, A, Burgu, B, Braga, L, Ernst, A, Lucas-Herald, A, O'Toole, S, Ahmed, SF & Rawashdeh, YF 2025, 'An International Delphi-Based Study for Developing a Core Outcome Set for Hypospadias Surgery', Sexual Development, vol. 18, no. 1-6, pp. 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1159/000541596

Alongi, A, Brunner, HI, Ravelli, A, Avcin, T, Beresford, MW, Burgos-Vargas, R, Cuttica, R, Khubchandani, R, Laxer, RM, Ozen, S, Petty, RE, Wallace, C, Wulffraat, NM, Magni-Manzoni, S, Jelusic, M, Consolaro, A, Anton, J, Horneff, G, Glerup, M, Filocamo, G, Simonini, G, Civino, A, Remesal, A, Scala, S, Pistorio, A, Lovell, DJ, Martini, A & Ruperto, N 2025, 'An international delphi survey towards a new classification criteria for Juvenile idiopathic arthritis', Pediatric rheumatology online journal, vol. 23(2), no. P231.

Collaborative CONTROL-RAAA Study Group & Budtz-Lilly, J 2025, 'An International Expert-Based CONsensus on Indications and Techniques for aoRtic balloOn occLusion in the Management of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (CONTROL-RAAA)', Journal of Endovascular Therapy, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 1623-1633. https://doi.org/10.1177/15266028231217233

Drews, SJ, Baroti-Toth, K, Cheng, A, Erikstrup, C, Gallian, P, Grubešić, D, Gubbe, K, Harritshøj, LH, Heinricy, A, Janner-Jarnetti, T, Jarvis, L, Laperche, S, Mathy, G, Mayr, W, Nordberg, J, O'Flaherty, N, Øfsteng, HS, Oprea, G, Oyonarte, S, Palukka, T, Pati, I, Prati, D, Radmilli, D, Rodenbach, M-P, Samec, VF, Sousa, AP, Stramer, SL, Ushiro-Lumb, I, van Gaever, V & Lieshout-Krikke, R 2025, 'An international survey of blood operator human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1/2 testing practices', Transfusion, vol. 65, no. 12, pp. 2433-2436. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.18464

Kelly, A, Jensen, EK, Grua, EM, Mathiasen, K & Van de Ven, P 2025, 'An Interpretable Model With Probabilistic Integrated Scoring for Mental Health Treatment Prediction: Design Study', JMIR Medical Informatics, vol. 13, e64617. https://doi.org/10.2196/64617

Beniczky, S 2025, 'An interview with Petri Ojanen, the 2025 Epileptic Disorders prize winner', Epileptic Disorders, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 518-519. https://doi.org/10.1002/epd2.70032

Anthi, AK, Kolderup, A, Vaage, EB, Bern, M, Benjakul, S, Tjärnhage, E, Ruso-Julve, F, Jensen, KR, Lode, HE, Vaysburd, M, Nilsen, J, Herigstad, ML, Sakya, SA, Tietze, L, Pilati, D, Nyquist-Andersen, M, Dürkoop, M, Gjølberg, TT, Peng, L, Foss, S, Moe, MC, Low, BE, Wiles, MV, Nemazee, D, Jahnsen, FL, Vaage, JT, Howard, KA, Sandlie, I, James, LC, Grødeland, G, Lund-Johansen, F & Andersen, JT 2025, 'An intranasal subunit vaccine induces protective systemic and mucosal antibody immunity against respiratory viruses in mouse models', Nature Communications, vol. 16, no. 1, 3999. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59353-6

Kale, SM , Paina, C, Füchtbauer, WS, Bjarup, P, Sarup, PM, Schatz-Jakobsen, JA, Orabi, J, Borum, F, Jahoor, A & Brinch-Pedersen, H 2025, 'An introgression from Triticum timopheevii reduces grain protein content in winter wheat populations', Plant Genome, vol. 18, no. 3, e70090. https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.70090

Deng, Z, Song, X, Chen, C, Arthur, E, Zhou, H, Shang, J & Tuller, M 2025, 'An Investigation of Isothermal Thermogravimetric Profiles in the Low Temperature Range (60°C–200°C)', European Journal of Soil Science, vol. 76, no. 1, e70036. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.70036

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