Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Nielsen, RB , Parbo, P , Ismail, R , Dalby, R , Tietze, A , Braendgaard, H , Gottrup, H , Brooks, DJ , Ostergaard, L & Eskildsen, SF 2019, 'Impaired perfusion and capillary distribution of blood in mild cognitive impairment: Relation to oxygenation and amyloid load', Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, vol. 39, no. 1, suppl., PA00-A28, pp. 147. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X19851017

Hussain, T, Eskildsen, J , Edgeman, R, Ismail, M, Shoukry, AM & Gani, S 2019, 'Imperatives of sustainable university excellence: A conceptual framework', Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 11, no. 19, 5242. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195242

Barone, AM, Romani, S, Grappi, S & Bagozzi, RP 2019, 'Imperfection Can Become Beauty: The Role Of Food Processing', AMS World Marketing Congress 2019, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 09/07/2019 - 12/07/2019.

de los Campos, G, Sorensen, DA & Toro, MA 2019, 'Imperfect linkage disequilibrium generates phantom epistasis (& perils of big data)', G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 1429-1436. https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400101

Rasmussen, CB , Christiansen, G , Vad, BS , Lynggaard, C , Enghild, JJ , Andreasen, M & Otzen, D 2019, 'Imperfect repeats in the functional amyloid protein FapC reduce the tendency to fragment during fibrillation', Protein Science, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 633-642. https://doi.org/10.1002/pro.3566

Geller, JC, Lewalter, T, Bruun, NE, Taborsky, M, Bode, F, Nielsen, JC, Stellbrink, C, Schön, S, Mühling, H, Oswald, H, Reif, S, Kääb, S, Illes, P, Proff, J, Dagres, N, Hindricks, G & IN-TIME Study Group 2019, 'Implant-based multi-parameter telemonitoring of patients with heart failure and a defibrillator with vs. without cardiac resynchronization therapy option: a subanalysis of the IN-TIME trial', Clinical Research in Cardiology, vol. 108, no. 10, pp. 1117-1127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-019-01447-5

Meier, K , Knudsen, ALH, Boudreau, SA & Sørensen, JCH 2019, 'Implanter's Integrated Information (I3) System: An Aid for Spinal Cord Stimulation Procedures', Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 290-294. https://doi.org/10.1111/ner.12868

Rytter, S , Madsen, F , Jepsen, CF & Stilling, M 2019, 'Implant fracture of the Regenerex® modular metal tibial component: A report of three cases', The Knee, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1143-1151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2019.06.009

Corgnati, L, Mantovani, C, Griffa, A, Berta, M, Penna, P, Celentano, P, Bellomo, L, Carlson, DF & D'Adamo, R 2019, 'Implementation and validation of the ISMAR High Frequency Coastal Radar Network in the Gulf of Manfredonia (Mediterranean Sea)', IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 44, no. 2, 8357385, pp. 424-445. https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2018.2822518

Sturm, D, Vollert, J, Greiner, T, Rice, ASC, Kemp, H, Treede, RD, Schuh-Hofer, S, Nielsen, SE, Eitner, L, Tegenthoff, M, Petropoulos, IN, Malik, RA, Maier, C, Schmidt-Wilcke, T & Schargus, M 2019, 'Implementation of a Quality Index for Improvement of Quantification of Corneal Nerves in Corneal Confocal Microscopy Images: A Multicenter Study', Cornea, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 921-926. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000001949

Møller, JE , Møller, A & Ledderer, LK 2019, 'Implementation of health promotion activities in mental health care in Denmark: A focus group study of mental health care nurses’ perspectives', European Journal of Public Health, vol. 29, no. Supplement_4. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.170

Taghouti, M, Tömösközi, M, Howeler, M, Lucani Rötter, DE, H. P. Fitzek, F, Bouallegue, A & Ekler, P 2019, Implementation of Network Coding with Recoding for Unequal-sized and Header Compressed Traffic. in 2019 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC 2019., 8885446, IEEE, IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Marrakech, Morocco, 15/04/2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC.2019.8885446

Jensen, TB, Bartels, D, Sædder, EA, Poulsen, BK, Andersen, SE, Christensen, MMH, Nielsen, L & Christensen, HR 2019, 'Implementation of TNF-biosimilars (Infliximab and Eternacept) in Danish departments of rheumatology', Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol. 78, no. Suppl. 2, OP0310, pp. 237-237. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.1383

Prins, SUH , Gjedde Brøndt, S & Malling, BVG 2019, 'Implementation of workplace-based assessment in general practice', Education for Primary Care, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 133-144. https://doi.org/10.1080/14739879.2019.1588788

McNulty, M, Smith, JD, Villamar, JA, Burnett-Zeigler, I, Vermeer, W, Benbow, N, Gallo, C, Wilensky, U, Hjorth, HA, Mustanski, B, Schneider, J & Brown, CH 2019, 'Implementation Research Methodologies for Achieving Scientific Equity and health Equity', Ethnicity & Disease, vol. 29, no. Suppl. 1, pp. 83-92. https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.29.S1.83

Nielsen, VL 2019, Implementering. in J Blom-Hansen, PM Christiansen, S Serritzlew & T Pallesen (eds), Offentlig forvaltning – et politologisk perspektiv. 2 edn, Hans Reitzels Forlag, København, pp. 337-362 .

Gratzer, D, Sterling, J & Birkedal, L 2019, 'Implementing a modal dependent type theory', Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages , vol. 3, no. ICFP, 107, pp. 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1145/3341711

Jensen, BT , Jensen, JB, Love-Retinger, N, Bowker, M, Retinger, C & Dalbagni, G 2019, 'Implementing a Multimodal Prehabilitation Program to Radical Cystectomy in a Comprehensive Cancer Center: A Pilot Study to Assess Feasibility and Outcomes', Urologic Nursing, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 303-313. https://doi.org/10.7257/1053-816x.2019.39.6.303

Madsen, SB , Beedholm, K , Bro, F , Ledderer, LK, Vestergård, LO & Burau, V 2019, 'Implementing integrated community-based primary healthcare: Applying the iCoach-approach to case selection to Denmark', International Journal of Integrated Care, vol. 19, no. 4, 3. https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.4663

Bunkenborg, G, Smith-Hansen, L & Poulsen, I 2019, 'Implementing mandatory early warning scoring impacts nurses' practice of documenting free text notes', Journal of Clinical Nursing, vol. 28, no. 15-16, pp. 2990-3000. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14870

Buus, N & Dawson, L 2019, 'Implementing Open Dialogue in a young adult mental health unit: An ethnographic field study', International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, vol. 28, no. Suppl. 1, pp. 8. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12646

Hoffmann, DD , Sundby, J, Biering-Sørensen, F & Kasch, H 2019, 'Implementing volunteer peer mentoring as a supplement to professional efforts in primary rehabilitation of persons with spinal cord injury', Spinal Cord, vol. 57, pp. 881-889. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-019-0294-0

Vestergaard, LS , Kasenburg, N & Jørgensen, MS 2019, Implications of conducting internet of things experimentation in Urban environments. in Global IoT Summit, GIoTS 2019 - Proceedings., 8766406, IEEE, 3rd Global IoT Summit, GIoTS 2019, Aarhus, Denmark, 17/06/2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/GIOTS.2019.8766406

Moosa, S, Gregersen, PA , Hald, JD & Vogel, I 2019, 'Implications of identifying a PLS3 deletion as an incidental finding on prenatal testing', The 14th biannual International Skeletal Dysplasia Society Meeting , Oslo, 11/09/2019 - 14/09/2019.

Kauffmann, O 2019, 'Implicit learning and the higher-order thought model of consciousness: Submitted for the 8th Implicit Learning Seminar in Tromsö'.

Christiansen, MH 2019, 'Implicit Statistical Learning: A Tale of Two Literatures', Topics in Cognitive Science, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 468-481. https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12332

Hansen, AL, Storgaard, A, He, X, Højberg, AL, Refsgaard, JC, Iversen, BV & Kjaergaard, C 2019, 'Importance of geological information for assessing drain flow in a Danish till landscape', Hydrological Processes, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 450-462. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13338

Serrano-Hernanz, G, Futarmal Kothari, S , Castrillón, E, Álvarez-Méndez, AM, Ardizone-García, I & Svensson, P 2019, 'Importance of Standardized Palpation of the Human Temporomandibular Joint', Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 220-223. https://doi.org/10.11607/ofph.2235

Berger, T, Seppenwoolde, Y, Pötter, R, Assenholt, MS , Lindegaard, JC, Nout, RA, de Leeuw, A, Jürgenliemk-Schulz, I, Tan, LT, Georg, D, Kirisits, C, Dumas, I, Nesvacil, N, Swamidas, J, Hudej, R, Lowe, G, Hellebust, TP, Menon, G, Fokdal, L , Tanderup, K & EMBRACE Collaborative Group 2019, 'Importance of Technique, Target Selection, Contouring, Dose Prescription, and Dose-Planning in External Beam Radiation Therapy for Cervical Cancer: Evolution of Practice From EMBRACE-I to II', International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, vol. 104, no. 4, pp. 885-894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.03.020

Seppenwoolde, Y, Assenholt, MS, Georg, D, Nout, R, Tan, LT, Rumpold, T, de Leeuw, A, Jürgenliemk-Schulz, I, Kirisits, C, Pötter, R, Lindegaard, JC , Tanderup, K & EMBRACE Collaborative Group 2019, 'Importance of training in external beam treatment planning for locally advanced cervix cancer: Report from the EMBRACE II dummy run', Radiotherapy and Oncology, vol. 133, pp. 149-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2019.01.012

Ortega, A, Geraldi, NR, Alam, I, Kamau, AA, Acinas, SG, Logares, R, Gasol, JM, Massana, R, Krause-Jensen, D & Duarte, CM 2019, 'Important contribution of macroalgae to oceanic carbon sequestration', Nature Geoscience, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 748-754. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0421-8

Phumthum, M , Balslev, H & Barfod, AS 2019, 'Important Medicinal Plant Families in Thailand', Frontiers in Pharmacology, vol. 10, no. SEP, 1125. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01125

Choquette, E 2019, 'Import-based market experience and firms’ exit from export markets', Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 423-449. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-018-0193-1

Abreha, KG 2019, 'Importing and Firm Productivity in Ethiopian Manufacturing', The World Bank Economic Review, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 772-792. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhx009

Frederiksen, RR , Vilhelmsen, TN , Christiansen, AV & Auken, E 2019, 'Improved assessment of hydrological processes on catchment scale using a new towed groundbased TEM system', 10th International Groundwater Quality Conference (GW 2019), Liège, Belgium, 09/09/2019 - 12/09/2019.

Sanchez-Heredia, JD, Johansen, DH, Hansen, RB, Szocska Hansen, ES , Laustsen, C, Zhurbenko, V & Ardenkjaer-Larsen, JH 2019, 'Improved Decoupling for Low Frequency MRI Arrays using Non-conventional Preamplifier Impedance', IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, vol. 66, no. 7, 8533360, pp. 1940-1948. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2018.2881203

Møller, AB, Malone, B, Odgers, NP, Beucher, A , Iversen, BV , Greve, MH & Minasny, B 2019, 'Improved disaggregation of conventional soil maps', Geoderma, vol. 341, pp. 148-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.01.038

van der Laan, P & Abkar, M 2019, 'Improved energy production of multi-rotor wind farms', Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1256, no. 1, 012011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1256/1/012011

Arthur, E, Tuller, M, Norgaard, T, Moldrup, P & de Jonge, LW 2019, 'Improved estimation of clay content from water content for soils rich in smectite and kaolinite', Geoderma, vol. 350, pp. 40-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.05.018

Poulsen, NR , Mechlenburg, I , Søballe, K, Troelsen, A, Lange, J & CORIHA Research Group 2019, 'Improved Patient-Reported Quality of Life and Hip Function After Cementless 1-Stage Revision of Chronic Periprosthetic Hip Joint Infection', The Journal of Arthroplasty, vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 2763-2769.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2019.06.010

Tønning, P & Heck, M 2019, Improved power-handling of OEO conversion on a generic photonic integration platform. in Integrated Photonics Research, Silicon and Nanophotonics, IPRSN 2019., IM3A.4, OSA Publishing, OSA Advanced Photonics Congress, San Francisco, California, United States, 29/07/2019. <https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?uri=IPRSN-2019-IM3A.4>

Jünger, ST, Mynarek, M, Wohlers, I, Dörner, E, Mühlen, AZ, Velez-Char, N, von Hoff, K, Rutkowski, S, Warmuth-Metz, M, Kortmann, R-D, Timmermann, B, Rahmann, S, Klein-Hitpass, L, von Bueren, AO & Pietsch, T 2019, 'Improved risk-stratification for posterior fossa ependymoma of childhood considering clinical, histological and genetic features - a retrospective analysis of the HIT ependymoma trial cohort', Acta Neuropathologica Communications, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 181. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-019-0820-5

Nors, JB , Henriksen, TV , Gotschalck, KA , Juul, T, Søgaard, J, Iversen, LH & Andersen, CL 2019, 'IMPROVE-IT2: Implementing non-invasive circulating tumor DNA analysis to optimize the operative and postoperative treatment for patients with colorectal cancer – Intervention Trial 2. Study protocol', Randers Forskningssymposium 2019, Randers, Denmark, 07/11/2019 - 07/11/2019.

Paludan, JPD , Andresen, SR , Abrahamsen, J, Petersen, LJ & Høyer, C 2019, 'Improvement in Image Quality of Tc-99m-based Ventilation/Perfusion Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Through Pretest Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment', World Journal of Nuclear Medicine, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 185-186. https://doi.org/10.4103/wjnm.WJNM_81_18

Højen, A 2019, Improvement in young Adults’ second-language pronunciation after short-term immersion. in AM Nyvad, M Hejná, A Højen, A Bothe Jespersen & M Hjortshøj Sørensen (eds), A sound approach to language matters: in honor of Ocke-Schwen Bohn. AU Library Scholarly Publishing Services, Aarhus , pp. 543-560. https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.322.218

Blauvelt, A, Rosmarin, D, Bieber, T, Simpson, EL, Bagel, J, Worm, M, Deleuran, M, Katoh, N, Kawashima, M, Shumel, B, Chen, Z, Rossi, AB, Hultsch, T & Ardeleanu, M 2019, 'Improvement of atopic dermatitis with dupilumab occurs equally well across different anatomical regions: data from phase III clinical trials', British Journal of Dermatology, vol. 181, no. 1, pp. 196-197. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.17703

Watson, H, Guevara, M, Vilstrup, H & Ginès, P 2019, 'Improvement of hyponatremia in cirrhosis is associated with improved complex information processing', Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 1999-2003. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.14683

Cai, M, Wang, Q, Wells, G, Dionysiou, DD, Song, Z, Jin, M, Hu, J, Ho, S-H, Xiao, R & Wei, Z 2019, 'Improving dewaterability and filterability of waste activated sludge by electrochemical Fenton pretreatment', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 362, pp. 525-536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.01.047

Wang, X , Lund, MS , Ma, P , Janss, L , Kadarmideen, HN & Su, G 2019, 'Improving genomic predictions by correction of genotypes from genotyping by sequencing in livestock populations', Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, vol. 10, 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-019-0315-z

Roderick, S & Vaarst, M 2019, Improving organic animal farming for the future. in M Vaarst & S Roderick (eds), Improving organic animal farming. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, S.l., Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science, no. 46, pp. 375-384.

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