Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Jørgensen, CM & Nygaard, B 2015, 'The History Manifesto. Et symposium', TEMP. Tidsskrift for historie, vol. 11, pp. 131-132.

Alstrup, AKO 2015, 'THE HISTORY OF LABORATORY ANIMALS AND THE 3RS', 3R-symposium, København, Denmark, 10/11/2015 - 11/11/2015.

Arth, C, Grasset, R, Gruber, L, Langlotz, T, Mulloni, A & Wagner, D 2015 'The History of Mobile Augmented Reality'.

Krieger, J 2015, The History of the Establishment of an Accreditation Scheme for Olympic Doping Laboratories from 1972 to 1985. in R Pardo, T González Aja & P Irureta-Goyena (eds), El Fenómeno del Dopaje desde la Perspectiva de Las Ciencias Sociales: Actas del IV Congreso Internacional 'Deporte, Dopaje y Sociedad'. 1 edn, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, pp. 193-204.

Frederiksen, TK 2015, 'The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Garbled Circuits: Garbled Circuits and their Applications to Maliciously Secure Two-Party Protocols'.

Valentini, C & Tsetsura, K 2015, 'The ‘Holy’ Triad in Media Ethics – A Conceptual Model for Understanding Global Media Ethics', Bledcom 2015 "Sleeping (with) the media", Bled, Slovenia, 03/07/2015 - 04/07/2015.

Gáspár-Szilágyi, S 2015, 'The 'horizontal direct effect' of EU international agreements: Is the Court avoiding a clear answer?', Legal Issues of Economic Integration, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 93-118. <http://www.kluwerlawonline.com/dev/abstract.php?area=Journals&id=LEIE2015007>

Kierkegaard, S , Lund, B , Dalgas, U , Sørensen, H , Søballe, K & Mechlenburg, I 2015, 'The Horsens-Aarhus Femoro Acetabular Impingement (HAFAI) cohort: outcome of arthroscopic treatment for femoroacetabular impingement. Protocol for a prospective cohort study', BMJ Open, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. e008952. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008952

Bross, P 2015, The Hsp60 Chaperonin. SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.

Toft-Petersen, M , Roug, AS , Plesner, TL , Ebbesen, LH, Brown, GD, Hokland, P & Nederby, L 2015, 'The human Myeloid Inhibitory C-type Lectin-like Receptor Aids in Discrimination of Basophils in Peripheral Blood', ESH International Conference on AML, Budapest, Hungary, 10/09/2015 - 12/09/2015.

Lubas, MS , Andersen, PR , Schein, A, Dziembowski, A, Kudla, G & Jensen, TH 2015, 'The Human Nuclear Exosome Targeting Complex Is Loaded onto Newly Synthesized RNA to Direct Early Ribonucleolysis', Cell Reports, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 178-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.026

Knudsen, H & Mathiassen, C 2015, 'The human prison? from hierarchy and roles to insistance on complexity and fluidity'.

Jensen, B , Agger, P, de Boer, BA, Oostra, R-J, Pedersen, M, van der Wal, AC, Planken, RN & Moorman, AFM 2015, 'The hypertrabeculated (noncompacted) left ventricle is different from the ventricle of embryos and ectothermic vertebrates', Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Cell Research, vol. 1863, pp. 1696-706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.10.018

Numrich, J, Péli-Gulli, M-P, Arlt, H, Sardu, A, Griffith, J, Levine, T, Engelbrecht-Vandré, S, Reggiori, F, De Virgilio, C & Ungermann, C 2015, 'The I-BAR protein Ivy1 is an effector of the Rab7 GTPase Ypt7 involved in vacuole membrane homeostasis', Journal of Cell Science, vol. 128, no. 13, pp. 2278-92. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.164905

Holst, MK & Jensen, P 2015, The idea of the barrow. in MK Holst & M Rasmussen (eds), Skelhøj and the Bronze Age Barrows of Southern Scandinavia Vol. 2: Barrow building and barrow assemblies. Jysk Arkæologisk Selskab, Højbjerg, Jysk Arkæologisk Selskabs Skrifter, vol. 89, pp. 13-52.

Kragstrup, TW , Greisen, S , Nielsen, MA, Rhodes, C, Stengaard-Pedersen, K, Hetland, ML, Horslev-Petersen, K, Junker, P, Ostergaard, M, Hvid, M , Vorup-Jensen, T, Robinson, WH, Sokolove, J & Deleuran, B 2015, 'The IL-20 Receptor Axis in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis', Arthritis & Rheumatology, vol. 67.

Damsgaard, JB , Bastrup, L , Norlyk, A & Birkelund, R 2015, 'The illness trajectory experienced by patients having spine fusion surgery: A feeling of being (in)visible', PhD day 2015, Aarhus University, Denmark, 23/01/2015 - 23/01/2015.

Maul, DR 2015, The ILO, Asia and the beginnings of Technical Assistance, 1945-1960. in N Lichtenstein & J Jensen (eds), The ILO from Geneva to the Pacific Rim: West Meets East. Palgrave Macmillan.

Pedersen, TØ 2015 'The Image as Agent: ’Comparative Vandalism’ as Visual Strategy'. <http://sicv.activearchives.org/w/The_Image_as_Agent:_%27Comparative_Vandalism%27_as_Visual_Strategy>

Secher, N , Østergaard, L , Tønnesen, EK & Granfeldt, A 2015, 'The Impact of Age on Coronary Perfusion, Cardiac Function and Inflammation in a Rat Model of Ashpyxial Cardiac Arrest', American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2015, Orlando, Florida, Denmark, 07/11/2015 - 11/11/2015.

Mitkidis, P , Xygalatas, D, Buttrick, N, Porubanova, M & Lienard, P 2015, 'The Impact of Authority on Cooperation: A Cross-Cultural Examination of Systemic Trust', Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 341-357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40750-014-0011-3

Sahyoun, M 2015, 'The impact of bacteria on ice nucleation in mixed phase clouds - A model study'.

Lindekilde, N, Gladstone, BP, Lübeck, M, Nielsen, J , Clausen, L, Vach, W & Jones, A 2015, 'The impact of bariatric surgery on quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis', Obesity Reviews, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 639-651. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12294

Hansson, NC , Nørgaard, BL, Barbanti, M, Nielsen, NE, Yang, T-H, Tamburino, C, Dvir, D, Jilaihawi, H, Blanke, P, Makkar, RR, Latib, A, Colombo, A, Tarantini, G, Raju, R, Wood, D, Andersen, HR, Ribeiro, HB, Kapadia, S, Min, J, Feuchtner, G, Gurvitch, R, Alqoofi, F, Pelletier, M, Ussia, GP, Napodano, M, Sandoli de Brito, F, Kodali, S, Pache, G, Canovas, SJ, Berger, A, Murphy, D, Svensson, LG, Rodés-Cabau, J, Leon, MB, Webb, JG & Leipsic, J 2015, 'The impact of calcium volume and distribution in aortic root injury related to balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve replacement', Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcct.2015.04.002

Hansson, NC , Nørgaard, BL, Barbanti, M, Nielsen, NE, Yang, T-H, Tamburino, C, Dvir, D, Jilaihawi, H, Blanke, P, Makkar, RR, Latib, A, Colombo, A, Tarantini, G, Raju, R, Wood, D, Andersen, HR, Ribeiro, HB, Kapadia, S, Min, J, Feuchtner, G, Gurvitch, R, Alqoofi, F, Pelletier, M, Ussia, GP, Napodano, M, de Brito, FS, Kodali, S, Pache, G, Canovas, SJ, Berger, AJ, Murphy, D, Svensson, L, Rodes-Cabau, J, Leon, MB, Webb, J & Leipsic, J 2015, 'The Impact of Calcium Volume and Distribution in Aortic Root Injury Related to Balloon-Expandable Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement', Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, vol. In press.

Borras, JM, Barton, M, Grau, C, Corral, J, Verhoeven, R, Lemmens, V, van Eycken, L, Henau, K, Primic-Zakelj, M, Strojan, P, Trojanowski, M, Dyzmann-Sroka, A, Kubiak, A, Gasparotto, C, Defourny, N, Malicki, J, Dunscombe, P, Coffey, M & Lievens, Y 2015, 'The impact of cancer incidence and stage on optimal utilization of radiotherapy. Methodology of a population based analysis by the ESTRO-HERO project', Radiotherapy & Oncology, vol. 116, no. 1, pp. 45-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2015.04.021

Dinh, KM , Pedersen, OB , Petersen, MS , Sørensen, E , Sørensen, CJ , Kaspersen, KA, Larsen, MH, Møller, B, Hjalgrim, H, Ullum, H & Erikstrup, C 2015, 'The impact of CCR5-Δ32 deletion on C-reactive protein levels and cardiovascular disease: Results from the Danish Blood Donor Study', Atherosclerosis, vol. 242, no. 1, pp. 222-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.031

Christensen, BJ , Nielsen, MØ & Zhu, J 2015, 'The impact of financial crises on the risk-return tradeoff and the leverage effect', Economic Modelling, vol. 49, pp. 407-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2015.03.006

Heidorn, T, Mokinski, F, Rühl, C & Schmaltz, C 2015, 'The Impact of Fundamental and Financial Traders on the Term Structure of Oil', Energy Economics, vol. 48, pp. 276–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2015.01.001

Vaidya, M, Katoch, M & Datta Gupta, N 2015 'The Impact of Household Participation in Community Based Organizations on Child Health and Education in Rural India' Economics Working Papers, no. 2015-08, Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus.

Rossen, S, Hansen-Nord, NS, Kayser, L, Borre, M , Borre, M , Larsen, RG, Trichopoulou, A, Boffetta, P, Tjønneland, A & Hansen, RD 2015, 'The Impact of Husbands' Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Participation in a Behavioral Lifestyle Intervention on Spouses' Lives and Relationships With Their Partners', Cancer Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCC.0000000000000259

Hernandez, VM , Al-Zohairi, NAR & Møller, HB 2015, 'The impact of inoculum source, inoculum to substrate ratio and sample preservation on methane potential from different substrates', Biomass & Bioenergy, vol. 83, pp. 474-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.10.018

Kuznetsov, L, Simmons, RK , Sandbæk, A & Maindal, HT 2015, 'The impact of intensive multifactorial treatment on perceptions of chronic care among individuals with screen-detected diabetes: results from the ADDITION-Denmark trial', International Journal of Clinical Practice, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 466-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.12570

Kesting, P , Ulhøi, JP, Song, JL & Niu, H 2015, 'The impact of leadership styles on innovations: A review', Journal of Innovation Management, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 22-41. <http://www.open-jim.org/article/view/68>

Casteran, G, Chrysochou, P & Meyer-Waarden, L 2015, 'The impact of market related drivers on brand loyalty: A longitudinal investigation with panel data', European Academy of Marketing Conference 2015, Leuven, Belgium, 26/05/2015 - 29/05/2015.

Casteran, G, Chrysochou, P & Meyer-Waarden, L 2015, 'The impact of market related drivers on brand loyalty: A longitudinal investigation with panel data', 31st Academy of French Marketing (AFM) Conference, Marrakesh, Morocco, 20/05/2015 - 22/05/2015.

Nielsen, KJ, Hansen, CD, Bloksgaard, L, Christensen, AD, Jensen, SQ & Kyed, M 2015, 'The impact of masculinity on safety oversights, safety priority and safety violations in two male-dominated occupations', Safety Science, vol. 76, pp. 82-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.02.021

Bøggild, TML 2015, 'The Impact of Nanostructured Protein Patterns on Cellular Adhesion'.

Hansen, CR, Bertelsen, A, Zukauskaite, R, Eriksen, JG, Brink, C & Johansen, J 2015, 'The impact of new national guidelines for head and neck cancer on acute mucosal response to radiation: Supportive Care in Cancer', pp. S112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-015-2712-y

Al Khalaf, SY, O'Neill, SM, O'Keeffe, LM, Henriksen, TB, Kenny, LC, Cryan, JF & Khashan, AS 2015, 'The impact of obstetric mode of delivery on childhood behavior', Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 1557-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-015-1055-9

Grombacher, D & Knight, R 2015, 'The impact of off-resonance effects on water content estimates in surface nuclear magnetic resonance', Geophysics, vol. 80, no. 6, pp. E329-E342. https://doi.org/10.1190/GEO2014-0402.1

Christensen, DH , Horváth-Puhó, E , Schmidt, M , Christiansen, CF , Pedersen, L , Langdahl, BL & Thomsen, RW 2015, 'The impact of preadmission oral bisphosphonate use on 30-day mortality following stroke: a population-based cohort study of 100,043 patients', Clinical epidemiology, vol. 7, pp. 381-9. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S85427

Chrysochou, P, Casteran, G & Meyer-Waarden, L 2015, 'The impact of price on behavioural loyalty on organic food brands', European Academy of Marketing Conference 2015, Leuven, Belgium, 26/05/2015 - 29/05/2015.

Nørskov, S , Chrysochou, P & Milenkova, M 2015, 'The Impact of Product Innovation Attributes on Brand Equity', Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 245-254. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-10-2014-1198

Papadopoulos, PM, Lagkas, TD & Demetriadis, SN 2015, The Impact of Ranking Information on Students’ Behavior and Performance in Peer Review Settings. in Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Computer Supported Education – CSEDU 2015. SCITEPRESS Digital Library, pp. 139. https://doi.org/10.5220/0005472801390147

Tietze, A , Mouridsen, K & Mikkelsen, IK 2015, 'The impact of reliable pre-bolus T1 measurements or a fixed T1 value in the assessment of glioma patients with Dynamic Contrast Enhancing MRI', Neuroradiology, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 561-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-015-1502-z

Eötvös, CB, Magura, T & Lövei, GL 2015, The impact of rural-urban gradient and spatial distribution on predation rates on sentinel prey in a riparian forest in Hungary. in LS Jelaska & SD Jelaska (eds), Learning about carabid habits and habitats - a continuous process in a continuously changing environment: Book of abstracts. pp. 77-77, European Carabidologists Meeting, Primosten, Croatia, 20/09/2015.

Ingerslev, AK 2015, 'The impact of short-chain fatty acids on metabolic responses - Studies in pigs fed diets with contrasting sources and levels of dietary fibres'.

Brandon-Jones, E, Squire, B & van Rossenberg, YGT 2015, 'The impact of supply base complexity on disruptions and performance: The moderating effects of slack and visibility', International Journal of Production Research, vol. 53, no. 22, pp. 6903-6918. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2014.986296

Beck-Nielsen, SS 2015, 'The impact of vitamin D on fetal and neonatal lung maturation: a systematic review', American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, vol. 308, no. 7, pp. L587-L602. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00117.2014

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