Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Wu, N , Thodsen, H , Andersen, HE , Tornbjerg, H , Baattrup-Pedersen, A & Riis, T 2019, 'Flow regimes filter species traits of benthic diatom communities and modify the functional features of lowland streams - a nationwide scale study', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 651, no. 1, pp. 357-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.210

Grumiaux, C , Andersen, MK, Colinet, H & Overgaard, J 2019, 'Fluctuating thermal regime preserves physiological homeostasis and reproductive capacity in Drosophila suzukii', Journal of Insect Physiology, vol. 113, pp. 33-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.01.001

Davies, LR , Schou, MF , Kristensen, TN & Loeschcke, V 2019, 'Fluctuations in nutrient composition affect male reproductive output in Drosophila melanogaster', Journal of Insect Physiology, vol. 118, 103940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103940

Tarling, MS, Smith, SAF & Scott, JM 2019, 'Fluid overpressure from chemical reactions in serpentinite within the source region of deep episodic tremor', Nature Geoscience, vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 1034-1042. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0470-z

Pezzulla, M, Gallaire, F & Reis, P 2019, 'Fluid-Structure Interactions in Bristled Insect Wings', 72nd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics, Seattle, United States, 23/11/2019 - 26/11/2019. <http://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/DFD19/Session/L27.1>

Gudnason, DA 2019, 'Fluorescence Control at the DNA / Polymer Interface'.

Staun Larsen, L , Baelum, V , Richards, A & Nyvad, B 2019, 'Fluoride in Saliva and Oral Mucosa after Brushing with 1,450 or 5,000 ppm Fluoride Toothpaste', Caries Research, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 675-681. https://doi.org/10.1159/000501264

Hippe, K, Gordijn, T, Hajdas, I, Jansen, J, Christl, M, Vockenhuber, C, Maden, C, Akcar, N & Ivy-Ochs, S 2019, 'Fluvial dynamics and ¹⁴C‐¹⁰Be disequilibrium on the Bolivian Altiplano', Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 766-780. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4529

Nutz, A, Kwiecien, O, Breitenbach, SFM, Cai, Y, Della Porta, G, Danisch, J, Kabiri, L & Bodin, S 2019, 'Fluvio‐lacustrine sedimentation in the Agadir‐Tissint Feija (Anti‐Atlas, Morocco): A promising palaeoclimate archive for the last glacial cycle in northwest Africa', Depositional Record, vol. 5, pp. 362-387. https://doi.org/10.1002/dep2.65

JPL Carbon and Ecosystem Participants 2019, 'Flux towers in the sky: global ecology from space', New Phytologist, vol. 224, no. 2, pp. 570-584. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15934

Petersen, KK 2019, 'Flydende gødning til økotomater', Gartner Tidende, vol. 135, no. 6, pp. 26-27.

Malmkvist, J 2019, Flytning af hvalpe mellem kuld: Dieperioden kan med fordel forlænges for små hvalpe. in Temadag om aktuel minkforskning: Bilag. Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, pp. 49-60, Temadag om aktuel minkforskning 2019, Tjele, Denmark, 17/09/2019. <https://anis.au.dk/fileadmin/ingen_mappe_valgt/Minktemadag_rapport_final_september2019.pdf>

Pedersen, MA , Gormsen, LC , Kamper, P, Wassberg, C, Andersen, MD , d'Amore, AL, Barrington, SF, Johnson, P, Hamilton-Dutoit, S, Amini, RM, Enblad, G, Molin, D & d'Amore, F 2019, 'Focal skeletal FDG uptake indicates poor prognosis in cHL regardless of extent and first-line chemotherapy', British Journal of Haematology, vol. 186, no. 3, pp. 431-439. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.15933

Hejná, M & Jespersen, AB 2019, Focus on consonants: prosodic prominence and the fortis-lenis contrast in English. in AM Nyvad, M Hejná, A Højen, AB Jespersen & MH Sørensen (eds), A sound approach to language matters: in honor of Ocke-Schwen Bohn. AU Library Scholarly Publishing Services, Aarhus, pp. 237-270.

Sørensen, LS 2019, Foderværdi og optimalt høsttidspunkt af forskellige græsarter. <https://anis.au.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/vis/artikel/fodervaerdi-og-optimalt-hoesttidspunkt-af-forskellige-graesarter/>

Olesen, JE & Schultz, E 2019, 'Fødevare- og Landbrugspakken er omgærdet af myter', Berlingske Tidende, vol. 1. sektion, Opinion. <https://www.berlingske.dk/kommentarer/foedevare-og-landbrugspakken-er-omgaerdet-af-myter>

Weisbjerg, MR , Eriksen, J , Johansen, M & Frandsen, T 2019, Fodring og foderproduktion. in T Kristensen, JO Lehmann & L Mogensen (eds), Fremtidens helhedsorienterede og balancerede kvægproduktion: visioner og udfordringer for malkekvægsbedriften frem mod år 2040. Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, DCA rapport, no. 146, pp. 37-51. <https://dcapub.au.dk/djfpublikation/djfpdf/DCArapport146.pdf>

Hjort, L, Lykke Møller, S, Minja, D, Msemo, O, Nielsen, BB, Lund Christensen, D, Theander, T, Nielsen, K, Larsen, LG, Grunnet, LG, Groop, L, Prasad, R, Lusingu, J, Schmiegelow, C & Bygbjerg, IC 2019, 'FOETAL for NCD - FOetal Exposure and Epidemiological Transitions: The role of Anaemia in early Life for Non-Communicable Diseases in later life: A prospective preconception study in rural Tanzania', BMJ Open, vol. 9, no. 5, e024861. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024861

Kongsted, AG & Bonde, M 2019, 'Fokus på indretning af løbegårde', Økologisk Landbrug, no. 641, pp. 8-8. <https://okologi.dk/media/2471462/oel_010219.pdf>

Andrade-Silva, I, Adda-Bedia, M & Dias, MA 2019, 'Foldable cones as a framework for nonrigid origami', Physical Review E, vol. 100, no. 3, 033003. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.100.033003

O'Toole, MS 2019, Følelsernes kompas: om at kunne navigere i sit følelsesliv. Akademisk Forlag, København.

Andresen, BB 2019, Følgeforskning om certificering af e-læring: rapport om følgeforskning i tilknytning til pilotprojekt. Det Nationale Videncenter for e-læring, Aarhus. <http://evidencenterinfo.dk/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/foelgeforskning_certificering.pdf>

Galili, SF 2019, 'Følger af det milde hovedtraume: Lægesøgning efter et mildt hovedtraume –et nationalt populationsbaseret kohorte studiee', Dansk Tidsskrift for Akutmedicin, vol. 2, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.7146/akut.v2i1.104546

Fristrup, N & Donskov, F 2019, 'Folic Acid Reduces Mucositis in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Retrospective Study', Clinical Genitourinary Cancer, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 254-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clgc.2019.03.023

McDonough, C 2019, 'Folk belief and landscape in Connacht: Accounts from the ordnance survey letters', Folk Life, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 56-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/04308778.2019.1592933

Nielsen, MV 2019, Folkekirken og det offentlige rum. in HR Christensen, BA Jacobsen & SE Larsen (eds), Religion i det offentlige rum: mellem myter og blinde vinkler. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus, Sociologiske Studier, no. 6, pp. 47-62.

Terkelsen, O 2019, Folkeret og dansk ret. in Folkeret og menneskerettigheder. Karnov Group, pp. 161-186.

Storgaard, LH , Terkelsen, O & Vedsted-Hansen, J 2019, Folkeret og menneskerettigheder. Karnov Group, Kbh.

Terkelsen, O 2019, Folkerettens kilder. in Folkeret og menneskerettigheder. Karnov Group, pp. 67-95.

Terkelsen, O 2019, Folkerettens subjekter. in Folkeret og menneskerettigheder. Karnov Group, pp. 36-66.

Andersen, FØ 2019, Folkeskolen blev hans redning: Kendt dansk-amerikaner fra samfundets bund blev gang på gang reddet af de basale gode kundskaber og færdigheder, han havde fået med sig fra den danske folkeskole. Folkeskolen.dk. <https://www.folkeskolen.dk/660840/folkeskolen-blev-hans-redning>

Thorborg, MMR , Qvortrup, L & Rasmussen, J 2019, Folkeskolen efter reformen: hvad siger følgeforskningen? Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus. <https://unipress.dk/media/16281/9788771849622_ncs_e-journal_e-bog.pdf>

Glasdam, S & Boelsbjerg, HB 2019, Folkesundhed. Bag om intentioner og strategier. Gad.

Seeberg, HB 2019, 'Folketingsvalg: Derfor virker mudderkast', Videnskab.dk.

Sørensen, AIF 2019, Folketingsvalget 2019. in danmarkshistorien.dk. <https://danmarkshistorien.dk/leksikon-og-kilder/vis/materiale/folketingsvalget-2019-1/>

Miller, NN & Elklit, J 2019, Folketingsvalgloven med kommentarer. Jurist- og Økonomforbundets Forlag, København.

Schanz, EA & Andersen, KH 2019, Folkets flag: plakater med Dannebrog. Dansk Plakatmuseum, Aarhus.

van der Poel, CE, Bajic, G, Macaulay, CW, van den Broek, T, Ellson, CD, Bouma, G, Victora, GD, Degn, SE & Carroll, MC 2019, 'Follicular Dendritic Cells Modulate Germinal Center B Cell Diversity through FcγRIIB', Cell Reports, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 2745-2755.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.086

Jacobsen, AB, Bostock, H & Tankisi, H 2019, 'Following disease progression in motor neuron disorders with 3 motor unit number estimation methods', Muscle & Nerve, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 82-87. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.26304

Mortensen, E & Raja, R 2019, Fønikienekspeditionen: Et feltprojekt på Syriens kyst. Carlsbergfondet. <https://www.carlsbergfondet.dk/da/Nyheder/Formidling/Store-Danske-Arkaeologer/Tell-Sukas>

Toft, S , Cuende, E , Olesen, AL , Mathiesen, A , Meisner Larsen, M & Jensen, K 2019, 'Food and specific macronutrient limitation in an assemblage of predatory beetles', Oikos, vol. 128, no. 10, pp. 1467-1477. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.06479

Wistoft, K & Qvortrup, L 2019, 'Food for Health: The Importance of Taste: Seven Dimensions of Taste in a Health Promotion Context', Paper presented at Food Studies 2019, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, 24/10/2019 - 25/10/2019.

Benn, J 2019, "Food literacy" og maddannelse i relation til maddannelse i mat- og helsefaget. in A Holthe, EK Aadland & NG Viig (eds), Mad og helse i grunnskolelærerutdanningene. Fagbokforlaget, Bergen, pp. 19-32.

Arranz, E, Gülseren, I, Corredig, M & Guri, A 2019, Food nanotechnology applications to the beverage industry. in G Molina, IFM Pelissari & AM Asiri (eds), Food Applications of Nanotechnology. CRC Press, London, pp. 251-265.

Mensah, ETD, Dankwa, HR, Lauridsen, TL & Asmah, R 2019, 'FOOD PREFERENCES OF SOME MAJOR FISH SPECIES IN STRATUM III OF LAKE VOLTA, GHANA', Journal of the Ghana Science Association, vol. 18, no. 2.

Senigaglia, V, Christiansen, F , Sprogis, KR, Symons, J & Bejder, L 2019, 'Food-provisioning negatively affects calf survival and female reproductive success in bottlenose dolphins', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 8981. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45395-6

Bjerre, ED, Brasso, K, Jørgensen, AB, Petersen, TH, Eriksen, AR, Tolver, A, Christensen, JF, Poulsen, MH, Madsen, SS, Østergren, PB, Borre, M, Krustrup, P, Johansen, C, Rørth, M & Midtgaard, J 2019, 'Football Compared with Usual Care in Men with Prostate Cancer (FC Prostate Community Trial): A Pragmatic Multicentre Randomized Controlled Trial', Sports Medicine, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 145-158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-1031-0

Andersen, IG , Sortkær, B, Grøndahl Glavind, J & Overgaard Sørensen, J 2019, Forældres skolevalg: En analyse af rationaler og strategier for forældres valg af skole i Danmark. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus.

Jordana Rivero, M, Rodríguez-Estévez, V, Pietrosemoli, S, Carballo, C, Cooke, AS & Kongsted, AG 2019, 'Forage consumption and its effects on the performance of growing swine—discussed in relation to european wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) in semi-extensive systems: A review', Animals, vol. 9, no. 7, 457. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9070457

Frederiksen, M, Nielsen, HH & Koefoed Rømer, J 2019, Foraging ecology of a high Arctic specialist: the ivory gull. in N Bohse Henriksen (ed.), Villum Research Station: Station Nord : 2018 Annual Report. Aarhus Universitet, Roskilde, Annual report, no. 2018, pp. 16-17. <https://villumresearchstation.dk/fileadmin/villumresearchstation/AnnualReports/VRS2018_web.pdf>

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