Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Langdahl, BL, Mäkinen, V-N & Sølling, AS 2026, Osteoporosis treatment: Bone-forming agents. in I Huhtaniemi (ed.), Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases (Third Edition). Academic Press, Oxford, pp. 802-808. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-13825-6.00053-4

Kornberg, J, Høy, K, Andersen, MØ, Pedersen, CF & Carreon, L 2026, 'Outcome and complications after two-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) with or without plating. A propensity matched cohort study', Brain and Spine, vol. 6, 105961, pp. 105961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bas.2026.105961, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bas.2026.105961

Vassard, D, Rimvall, MK, Wolf, RT, Christensen, R, Nielsen, SM, Plessen, KJ, Verhulst, FC, Bilenberg, N, Thomsen, PH , Thastum, M, Neumer , S-P, Pagsberg, AK, Silverman, WK, Correll, CU & Jeppesen, P 2026, 'Outcome and cost-effectiveness of transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy compared with management as usual for youth with common mental health problems: Long-term results from the Mind-My-Mind randomized trial', Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70128

Rubæk, M, Holmberg, T, Andersen, S, Langdahl, B, Ritz, C & Hitz, MF 2026, 'Outcome evaluation of osteoporosis patient education: an observational study comparing an intervention group and matched control group', Osteoporosis International, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 191-202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-025-07785-7

Kristensen, DT, Simonsen, MR, Roug, AS, Marcher, CW, Ørskov, AD, Sørensen, ALT, El-Galaly, TC & Baech, J 2026, 'Outcomes among non-Western immigrant patients and Danish-born patients with acute myeloid Leukaemia: A Danish population-based cohort study', British Journal of Haematology, vol. 208, no. 2, pp. 564-569. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.19850

Zarba, M, Maj, D, Chehade, REH, Semaan, K, Wells, JC, Donskov, F, McKay, RR, Sade, JP, Takemura, K, Wood, LA, Davis, ID, Vaishampayan, U, Basterretxea, L, Porta, C, Suarez, C, de Velasco, G, Moradi, A, Choueiri, TK & Heng, DYC 2026, 'Outcomes of Complete Responders From First-line Therapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Real World: An Analysis From the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium', Clinical Genitourinary Cancer, vol. 24, no. 4, 102535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clgc.2026.102535

Gregg, AC, Tian, M, Gaudino, M, Angelini, G, Fremes, S, Jeppsson, A, Modrau, IS, Redfors, B, Sandner, S, Sartipy, U, Thelin, S, Hu, S & James, S 2026, 'Outcomes of No-Touch Vs Conventionally Harvested Saphenous Veins for Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis Protocol', CJC open. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjco.2026.01.008

Tarp, L, Christensen, AH & Miranda, AASO 2026, Out of sight: On the process of dating a hidden composition. in Cross-Media Perspectives : Technical Studies of Art on Panel, Paper and Parchment (1400-1600). Peeters Publishers, Leuven, Underdrawing and Technology in Painting, vol. 23, XXIII Symposium for the Study of Underdrawing and Technology in Painting'Cross-Media Perspectives. Technical Studies of Art on Panel, Paper and Parchment (1400-1600), Leuven, Belgium, 11/01/2024.

Kolstad, KL 2026, 'Overburdened Bureaucrats: Providing Equal Access to Public Services During COVID-19', Journal of Politics, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 250-266. https://doi.org/10.1086/734270

Johansen, KL, Zinglersen, KB, Mosbech, A, Raundrup, K & Fritt-Rasmussen, J 2026, Overlayanalyse af landskabsinteresser i udbudsområdet for vandkraft i det centrale Vestgrønland. Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, vol. 695, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. <https://dce.au.dk/fileadmin/dce.au.dk/Udgivelser/Videnskabelige_rapporter_600-699/SR695DK.pdf>

Johansen, KL, Zinglersen, KB, Mosbech, A, Raundrup, K & Fritt-Rasmussen, J 2026, Overlay analysis of landscape interest in the hydropower tender region of Central West Greenland. Scientific Report from DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, vol. 695, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. <https://dce.au.dk/fileadmin/dce.au.dk/Udgivelser/Videnskabelige_rapporter_600-699/SR695.pdf>

Lund, P , Kjeldsen, MH , Johansen, M , Maigaard, M , Lashkari, S , Børsting, CF & Jensen, MB 2026, 'Oversigt over forsøg med Bovaer til malkekøer foretaget ved Institut for Husdyr- og Veterinærvidenskab, Aarhus Universitet', No. 2026-0932005, 9 p., Jan 16, 2026. Rådgivningsnotat fra DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug.

Nielsen, JV 2026, overvågning. in Den store danske. <https://lex.dk/overv%C3%A5gning>

Holm, TE , Pedersen, CL, Kjeldsen, JP & Madsen, J 2026, Overvågning af gæs på overnatningspladser med drone: Metoder til korrigering af bestandsdata fra landbaserede tællinger . Teknisk rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, no. 372, vol. 2026, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. <https://dce.au.dk/fileadmin/dce.au.dk/Udgivelser/Tekniske_rapporter_350-400/TR372.pdf>

Strand, J 2026, 'Overvågningen af marint affald på strande i Danmark og Grønland afslører et generelt fald i affaldsmængderne siden 2015-16', Det 23. Danske Havforskermøde , Helsingør, Denmark, 20/01/2026 - 22/01/2026.

Nielsen, JV 2026, overvågningens historie. in Den store danske. <https://lex.dk/overv%C3%A5gningens_historie>

Nielsen, JV 2026, overvågningshistorie. in Den store danske. <https://lex.dk/overv%C3%A5gningshistorie_-_forskningsfelt>

Quintão, NLM, Moffa, EB, Kroier, M, Goldoni, RC, Bundgaard, L , Jensen, AL & Soares Fernandes, E 2026, 'Overview of the Current Osteoarthritis Treatment in Veterinary Medicine and Future Directions', ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.5c00706

Tellez, ES, Chavez, E, Aumüller, M & Mic, V 2026, Overview of the SISAP 2025 Indexing Challenge. in G Amato, V Mic, A Traina, N Messina, L Amsaleg, G Þór Guðmundsson, B Þór Jónsson & L Vadicamo (eds), Similarity Search and Applications - 18th International Conference, SISAP 2025, Proceedings. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 16134, pp. 403-414, 18th International Conference on Similarity Search and Applications, SISAP 2025, Reykjavik, Iceland, 01/10/2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06069-3_33

Nissen, SH , Juul, L, Juel, N, Larsson, K, Nebel, C , Bruhn, A , Ambye-Jensen, M, Undeland, I & Dalsgaard, TK 2026, 'Oxidative stability of protein concentrates from the green seaweed Ulva spp.', Algal Research, vol. 94, 104570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2026.104570

Zorrilla, MJ, Fuhrmann, A, Gligorescu, A, Puniamoorthy, N, Mathys, A & Gold, M 2026, 'Oxygen: a driver of heat generation in black soldier fly bioconversion', Journal of Insects as Food and Feed. https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-bja10369

Tiszenkel, L, Pedersen, AN, Vasudevan-Geetha, V, Hopf, MC, Glasius, M , Elm, J & Lee, SH 2026, 'Oxygenated Organosulfates Are an Effective Nucleation Precursor in Mixed Biogenic and Anthropogenic Environments', Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 53, no. 1, e2025GL117259. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL117259

Garg, A, Brasnett, C, Marrink, SJ, Koren, K & Kjaergaard, M 2026, 'Oxygen depletion in biomolecular condensates is dominated by macromolecular density', Nature Communications, vol. 17, no. 1, 2603. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-69376-2

Damsgaard, C , Viuf Skøtt, M , Williams, C , Malte, H , Kidmose, CK , Busk, M, Dedek, K, Konradsen, AH, Rasmussen, ASS , Thomsen, JS, Mikkelsen, AVGT, Johannsen, KS , Vendelbo, M , Revsbech, NP, Elemans, CPH, Mouritsen, H, Kalucka, JM , Lin, L , Iversen, NK , Wang, T , Lauridsen, H & Nyengaard, JR 2026, 'Oxygen-free metabolism in the bird inner retina supported by the pecten', Nature, vol. 650, no. 8102, pp. 657–663. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09978-w

Krieger, J , Giraldi, A , Laursen, BS , Jensen, JB & Graugaard-Jensen, C 2026, 'P0140 Spice: supporting sexual health in bladder cancer patients - a sequential mixedmethods intervention study: Abstracts EAU26 - 41 Annual EAU Congress', European Urology, vol. 89, pp. S1. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0302-2838(26)01049-3

Gøtzsche-Astrup, J 2026, 'Pacts of democratic truth-telling: Between ascendancy and equality', European Journal of Social Theory, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 43-62. https://doi.org/10.1177/13684310251337295

Nørregaard, M-LM , Kirkevang, L-L & Jensen, AB 2026, Pædodontisk endodonti. vol. 51, 1 edn, Scandinavian University Press.

Nørregaard, M-LM , Kirkevang, L-L & Jensen, AB 2026, 'Pædodontisk endodonti', Aktuel Nordisk Odontologi, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 136-156. https://doi.org/10.18261/ano.51.1.10

Harder, SK, Ebbrecht, CK & Hjort, JM 2026, 'Påfaldende tæt på: Politisager, tykke beskrivelser og etik', Forum for Kriminologisk Forskning i Danmark, 21/01/2025 - 21/01/2025.

Schoonderbeek Hansen, I & Svendsen, M-MM, På godt jysk ep. 1.07: Dialekten i Salling, 2026, Pictures, Video and sound recordings (digital). <https://jysk.au.dk/>

Le Fur-Bonnabesse, A, Exposto, FG, Bodere, C & Svensson, P 2026, 'Pain Inhibitory Mechanisms Are Unchanged but Facilitatory Mechanisms Are Decreased in Aerobically Fit Individuals Compared to Controls: A Controlled Exploratory Study', European Journal of Pain, vol. 30, no. 3, e70241. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.70241

Sariola, H, Kalliomäki, ML, Kiiski, H, Raatikainen, E, Frösen, J, Reinikainen, M, Savioja, H, Møller, K, Lohela, T, Takala, R, Sigurdsson, M, Romundstad, L, Dyrskog, S, Bülow, K & Hästbacka, J 2026, 'Pain Management in Aneurysmatic Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: A Survey of Nordic Physicians', Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, vol. 70, no. 3, e70194. https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.70194

Birkler, MK 2026, På jagt i arkiverne efter levende teologi. Præsteforeningen.

Gibbard, PL & Knudsen, KL 2026, 'Palaeoenvironmental evolution of the Baltic Sea basin during the Last Interglacial (Eemian, Mikulino stages): a review', Boreas, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 282-307. https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.70040

Abdolalizadeh, B, Scheller, NM, Lunetcas, M, Rosenkrantz, O, Jawad, S, Kristensen, TS, Axelsen, T, Hansen, CP & Ewertsen, C 2026, 'Pancreatic IPMN in clinical practice: descriptive analysis of 1082 patients referred to multidisciplinary evaluation', Acta Radiologica, vol. 67, no. 1, 02841851251389575, pp. 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1177/02841851251389575

Larsen, KB 2026, Parables of Jesus in the Third Reich: Antisemitic Bible Adaptation in the Volkstestament (Die Botschaft Gottes, 1940). in Reception of Jesus's Parables.

Baudoin, F , Chen, L, Huang, CH, Ouyang, C, Tindel, S & Wang, J 2026, 'Parabolic Anderson model in bounded domains of recurrent metric measure spaces', Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 379, no. 3, pp. 1799-1851. https://doi.org/10.1090/tran/9540

Dickenson, CP , Kristensen, TM & Meinecke, K 2026, Paradigms and Acts of Translation in the Visual Historiography of Greek and Roman Sculpture. in Visual Historiographies of Greek and Roman Sculpture. Oxford University Press.

Uttenthal, PV 2026, 'Parameters of solvable automorphic forms', Journal of Number Theory, vol. 281, pp. 771-794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnt.2025.10.016

Seidenfaden, SC, Adams, TG, Kamper, P , Jespersen, S & Pedersen, MB 2026, 'Paraneoplastic Neuro-Ophthalmologic Symptoms as Initial Manifestation of Hodgkin Lymphoma', Hematology Reports, vol. 18, no. 1, 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep18010008

Thomsen, AH , Gaml-Sørensen, A, Tøttenborg, SS, Arah, OA, Eldevik Håberg, S, Myrskylä, M & Ramlau-Hansen, CH 2026, 'Parental Educational Attainment at Birth and Biomarkers of Male Fecundity: A Study From the Danish National Birth Cohort', Andrology. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.70175

Järvinen, A, Kuja-Halkola, R, Brikell, I, Chang, Z, D'Onofrio, BM, Fazel, S, Larsson, H, Lichtenstein, P & Latvala, A 2026, 'Parental incarceration and psychiatric disorders, suicidal behavior, risk-taking, and substance misuse events in offspring: A longitudinal within-individual study', Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70152

Nielsen, MS, Thomsen, LH, Hybel, KA , Nissen, J, Bryde, A, Thomsen, PH , Højgaard, DRMA & Jensen, S 2026, 'Parental involvement in cognitive behavioral group treatment for adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a qualitative study', BMC Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-026-08003-2

Praastrup, FJ , Nikolajsen, L & Uhrbrand, CG 2026, 'Parental Perspectives on Using the FLACC Scale for Postoperative Pain at Home After Orchiopexy', Paediatric Anaesthesia. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan.70181

Martey, E, Atta-Ankomah, R, Ankrah, DA, Krah, K, Asuman, D & Agyei-Holmes, A 2026, 'Parental time Poverty and Multidimensional Child Poverty in Ghana', Social Indicators Research, vol. 181, no. 1, 22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-025-03737-0

Järvinen, A, Fazel, S, Kuja-Halkola, R, Brikell, I, Chang, Z, D’Onofrio, BM, Larsson, H, Lichtenstein, P & Latvala, A 2026, 'Parental violent offending and offspring suicidal behavior: a nationwide register-based study', Psychological Medicine, vol. 56, e87. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726103717

Maurer, MM & Silinskas, G 2026, 'Parent and child perceptions of homework practices and their associations with children's achievement', Psychology, Society & Education, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 21-30. https://doi.org/10.21071/pse.v18i1.18317

Kloster, CT, Bonde-Jensen, F , Langeskov-Christensen, M & Dalgas, U 2026, 'Parkinson's disease and voluntary walking interventions - a systematic review and meta-analysis', Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2026.01.024

Martin, DG 2026, Partes de guerra: la violencia infinita contra las mujeres. in H Jaimes (ed.), En torno a Jorge Volpi: la razón del discurso, el discurso de la razón. Iberoamericana Vervuert, Madrid, pp. 253-274.

Gaul, C, Ferreira, S & Johansen, T 2026, 'Partial rebreathing is not effective for early treatment of migraine with aura attacks: Results of a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial (PAREMA1)', Headache, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 417-427. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.15090

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