Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Cao, L, Fox, AD, Koyama, K, Kim, HJ, Kondratyev, A, Batbayar, N, Syroechkovskiy, EE, Rozenfeld, S, Kurechi, M, Lee, H, Goroshko, O & Choi, CY 2015, 'The status of goose populations in East Asia', Waterfowl of Northern Eurasia, Salekhard, Russian Federation, 30/11/2015 - 06/12/2015.

Antoci, V , Grundahl, F , Christensen-Dalsgaard, J & Kjeldsen, H 2015, 'The Stellar Observations Network Group - first results', IAU XXIX General Assembly, Honolulu, United States, 03/08/2015 - 14/08/2015. <http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IAUGA..2258061A>

Donslund, BS , Ventura, AM , Larsen, J , Ibsen, L & Jørgensen, KA 2015, 'The stereoselective formation of highly substituted CF₃-dihydropyrans as versatile building blocks', Chemical Communications, vol. 51, no. 71, pp. 13666-13669. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cc04874e

Grube, E & Nielsen, UG 2015, 'The stoichiometry of synthetic alunite as a function of hydrothermal aging investigated by solid-state NMR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy', Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 337-345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-014-0724-7

Müller, S 2015, 'The Stories They Tell – The role of spatial context in entrepreneurial storytelling', Paper presented at ECSB Research Forum for small and medium-sized enterprises, Chur, Switzerland, 08/02/2015 - 11/02/2015.

Schmidt, L-H 2015, 'The Stranger in Yourself: A Minor Distraction', CURSIV, no. 16, pp. 141-162. <http://edu.au.dk/fileadmin/edu/Cursiv/CURSIV_16_www.pdf>

Maier, CD & Andersen, MA 2015, 'The Strategic Communication of Corporate Heritage Identity Implementation in a Hypermodal Context', Paper presented at Conference on Corporate Communication 2015, New York, United States, 02/06/2015 - 05/06/2015. <http://www.corporatecomm.org/event/cci-conference-on-corporate-communication-2015/>

Musazzi, L, Treccani, G, Milanese, M, Perego, C, Nava, N, Tornese, P, Sala, N, Bazzini, C, Malgaroli, A, Nyengaard, JR , Wegener, G, Bonanno, G & Popoli, M 2015, 'The stress impact on synaptic function and brain architecture; a key to mood and anxiety disorders', 28th Congress of the European-College-of-Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP), Amsterdam, Netherlands, 29/08/2015 - 01/09/2015.

Hayes, S, Lewis, P, Islam, MM, Doutch, J, Sorensen, T, White, T, Griffith, M & Meek, KM 2015, 'The structural and optical properties of type III human collagen biosynthetic corneal substitutes', Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 25, pp. 121-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2015.07.009

Wahlberg, N & Iversen, BB 2015, 'The structure of thecotrichite an efflorescent salt on calcareous objects', Danscatt Annual meeting 2015, Aarhus, Denmark, 28/05/2015 - 29/05/2015.

Kemp, P 2015, The struggle over Kierkegaard. in K Boudouris, C Dimitracopoulos & E Protopapadakis (eds), Selected papers from the XXIII World Congress of Philosophy., 71, Philosophy Dokumentation Center, Charlottesville, Charlottesville, VA, Journal of Philosophical Research, no. Supplement 46, vol. 40, pp. 407-424. https://doi.org/10.5840/jpr201540Supplement46

Thach, T 2015, 'The Stubbs Pst Culture Collection: Recovery, avirulence/virulence phenotyping and past population structure at a global scale', 2015 BGRI Workshop, Sydney, Australia, 17/09/2015 - 20/09/2015.

Jørgensen, KE 2015, The Study of European Foreign Policy: Trends and Advances. in KE Jørgensen, ÅK Aarstad, E Drieskens, K Laatikainen & B Tonra (eds), The SAGE Handbook of European Foreign Policy . vol. 1, SAGE Publications, pp. 14-29.

Linjawi, S, Sothiratnam, R, Sari, R, Andersen, H, Hiort, LC & Rao, P 2015, 'The study of once- and twice-daily biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) with sitagliptin, and twice-daily BIAsp 30 without sitagliptin, in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on sitagliptin and metformin-The Sit2Mix trial', Primary Care Diabetes, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 370-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2014.11.001

Baudoin, F & Cecil, M 2015, 'The subelliptic heat kernel on the three-dimensional solvable Lie groups', Forum Mathematicum, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 2051-2086. https://doi.org/10.1515/forum-2013-0020

Junghans, P, Larsson, C, Jensen, RB & Tauson, A-H 2015, 'The ¹³C bicarbonate method: an inverse end product method for measuring CO₂ production and energy expenditure', Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 497-507. https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2015.1110580

Sedgwick, M 2015, The Support of Sufism as a Counterweight to Radicalization: An Assessment. in M Lombardi (ed.), Countering Radicalisation and Violent Extremism Among Youth to Prevent Terrorism. IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp. 113-119. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-470-1-113

Trampedach, R , Christensen-Dalsgaard, J, Asplund, M, Stein, RF & Nordlund, Å 2015, 'The Surface of Stellar Models - Now with more 3D simulations!', The Space Photometry Revolution - CoRoT Symposium 3, Kepler KASC-7 Joint Meeting, Toulouse, France, Edited by R.A. García; J. Ballot; EPJ Web of Conferences, vol. 101, pp. 6064. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201510106064

Madslien, K, Albin-Amiot, C, Jonsson, ME, Clausen, T, Henriksen, K, Hamnes, IS, Urdahl, AM, Heier, BT, Øines, Ø & Enemark, HL 2015, The surveillance programme for Echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Norway in 2015. Norwegian Veterinary Institute .

Spence, C, Velasco, C, Woods, AT & Hyndman, S 2015, 'The taste of typeface', i-Perception, vol. 6, no. 4, 4, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041669515593040

Priestley, M, Biesta, G, Philippou , S & Robinson, S 2015, The teacher and the curriculum; exploring teacher agency. in D Wyse, L Hayward & J Pandya (eds), The SAGE Handbook of Curriculum, Pedagogy and Assessment. SAGE Publications, London, pp. 187-201.

Güner, FEG, Wåhlin , J, Hinge, M & Kjelstrup, S 2015, 'The temperature jump at a growing ice water interface', Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 662, pp. 15-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2015.01.013

Hansen, AS 2015, 'The Temporal Experience of Chinese Students Abroad and the Present Human Condition', Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 49-77. https://doi.org/10.1177/186810261504400303

O Connor, M, Nickerson, A, Aderka, IM & Bryant, RA 2015, 'The temporal relationship between change in symptoms of prolonged grief and posttraumatic stress following old age spousal bereavement', Depression and Anxiety, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 335-340. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22349

Fusaroli, R, Grossman, R, Cantio, C, Bilenberg, N & Weed, E 2015, 'The temporal structure of the autistic voice: a cross-linguistic examination', IMFAR 2015, Salt Lake City, United States, 13/05/2015 - 16/05/2015.

Fusaroli, R, Grossman, R, Cantio, C, Bilenberg, N & Weed, E 2015, 'The temporal structure of the autistic voice: A cross-linguistic investigation', IMFAR 2015, Salt Lake City, United States, 13/05/2015 - 16/05/2015.

Newby, A & Myllyntaus, T 2015, “The Terrible Visitation”: Famine in Finland and Ireland 1845-68 - Towards An Agenda for Comparative Irish-Finnish Famine Studies. in A Newby, D Curran & L Luciuk (eds), Famines in European Economic History. Routledge, International.

Laursen, PF 2015, The theory-practice divide: the case of Denmark. in CJ Craig & L Orland-Barak (eds), International teacher education: promising pedagogies. vol. C, Emerald Group Publishing, Bingham, Advances in Research on Teaching, vol. 22C, pp. 33-49. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-368720150000022002

Høfsten, DE, Kelbæk, H, Helqvist, S, Kløvgaard, L, Holmvang, L, Clemmensen, P, Torp-Pedersen, C, Tilsted, H-H , Bøtker, HE, Jensen, LO, Køber, L, Engstrøm, T & DANAMI 3 Investigators 2015, 'The Third DANish Study of Optimal Acute Treatment of Patients with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Ischemic postconditioning or deferred stent implantation versus conventional primary angioplasty and complete revascularization versus treatment of culprit lesion only: Rationale and design of the DANAMI 3 trial program', American Heart Journal, vol. 169, no. 5, pp. 613-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2015.02.004

Raskin, R 2015, The Third Man: on the dynamics of an unhappy ending. in Short Story Criticism: Excerpts from Criticism of the Works of Short Fiction Writers. vol. 212, Gale, Farmington Hills, MI, USA, pp. 57-62. <http://pov.imv.au.dk/Issue_02/section_3/artc3C.html>

Tække, J & Paulsen, ME 2015, 'The three waves of the Internet: From closed to open classrooms - the evolution of educational communities within the digital medium environment', Paper presented at NordMedia, København, Denmark, 13/08/2015 - 15/08/2015.

Vinding, MC , Jensen, M & Overgaard, M 2015, 'The time between intention and action affects the experience of action', Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 9, no. 366, pp. 366. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00366

Vinding, MC , Jensen, M & Overgaard, M 2015, 'The time between intention and action affect the experience of action', Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 9, no. 366.

Orlowski, D, Michalis, A, Glud, AN , Korshøj, AR , Moberg Fitting, L , Mikkelsen, TW, Mercanzini, A, Jordan, A, Dransart, A & Sørensen, JCH 2015, 'The time course of the glial reactivity to deep brain stimulation. A longitudinal study of DBS in the Goettingen minipig brain', Neuroscience 2015, Chicago, IL, United States, 17/10/2015 - 21/10/2015.

Black, D, Eglese, R & Wøhlk, S 2015 'The Time-Dependent Multiple-Vehicle Prize-Collecting Arc Routing Problem' pp. 1-24. <http://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/the-timedependent-multiplevehicle-prizecollecting-arc-routing-problem(ae1d71ca-e308-48a0-8c6b-5c6833cf0032).html>

Banovic, M, Reinders, M, Guerrero, L & Krystallis Krontalis, A 2015, 'The time is right for fish product innovation: European consumer attitudes towards sustainable fish choices', Paper presented at Aquaculture Europe 2015, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 21/10/2015 - 23/10/2015.

Bødker, H 2015, 'The Times of News Websites', Paper presented at 2015 ICA Annual Conference, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 21/05/2015 - 25/05/2015.

Pearce, C 2015, 'The timing of the Gold Cove glacial event: A comment on "Signature of the Gold Cove event (10.2ka) in the Labrador Sea"', Quaternary International, vol. 377, no. 7, pp. 157–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.02.067

Thorup, M 2015, The Total Enemy: Six Chapters of a Violent Idea. Postmodern Ethics Series, vol. 8, Wipf and Stock Publishers, USA.

Albrechtslund, A & Albrechtslund, A-MB 2015, The Touristic Practice of Performing Identity Online. in I van der Ploeg & J Pridmore (eds), Digitizing Identities: doing identity in a networked world. Routledge, pp. 21-36.

Lauridsen, KM 2015, 'The Training of University Instructors in Denmark - The case of Aarhus University'.

Dybalski, W & Møller, JS 2015, 'The translation invariant massive Nelson model: III. Asymptotic completeness below the two-boson threshold', Annales Henri Poincare, vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 2603-2693. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-014-0384-7

Jensen, PM 2015, 'The transnational appeal of Danish TV series', Paper presented at Media Engagement International Conference, Lund, Sweden, 19/03/2015.

Jensen, PM 2015, 'The transnational appeal of Danish TV series: a buyer’s and distributor's perspective', TV in the Age of Transnationalisation and Transmedialisation, London, United Kingdom, 22/06/2015 - 23/06/2015.

Constantino, T, Campbell, SW, Christensen-Dalsgaard, J, Lattanzio, JC & Stello, D 2015, 'The treatment of mixing in core helium burning models - I. Implications for asteroseismology', Royal Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices, vol. 452, no. 1, pp. 123-145. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1264

Levisen, C & Jogie, MR 2015, 'The Trinidadian Theory of Mind: Personhood and Postcolonial Semantics', International Journal of Language and Culture, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 169 –193. https://doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.2.2.02lev

Saxkjær, SG & Jacobsen, JK 2015, 'The Trozzella IN. 3417 in the Collection of Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek: An Ethnic Marker or a Sign of Cultural Transmission?', Acta Hyperborea, vol. 14, pp. 363-386.

Gundtoft, PH, Overgaard, S, Schønheyder, HC, Møller, JK, Kjærsgaard-Andersen, P & Pedersen, AB 2015, 'The "true" incidence of surgically treated deep prosthetic joint infection after 32,896 primary total hip arthroplasties: a prospective cohort study', Acta Orthopaedica (Print Edition), vol. 86, no. 3, pp. 326-34. https://doi.org/10.3109/17453674.2015.1011983

Hagen, EM 2015, 'The true incidence of traumatic spinal cord injuries', European Journal of Neurology, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 743-744. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.12540

Bysted, A 2015, The True Year of Jubilee: Bernard of Clairvaux on Crusade and Indulgences. in JT Roche & J Møller Jensen (eds), The Second Crusade: Holy War on the Periphery of Latin Christendom. Brepols Publishers, Turnhout, pp. 35-49.

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Lise Refstrup Linnebjerg Pedersen