Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Mielby, LH , Andersen, BV , Eggers, N, Jensen, S, Sørensen, AK, Kildegaard, H & Byrne, DV 2015, 'The relationship between real choice, the satiating capacity and affective responses', Pangborn 2015: "11th Pangborn Sensory Science Symposium", Gothenburg, Sweden, 23/08/2015 - 27/08/2015.

Mielby, LA , Andersen, BV , Eggers, N, Jensen, S, Sørensen, AK & Byrne, DV 2015, 'The relationship between real choice, the satiating capacity and affective responses', Pangborn 2015: "11th Pangborn Sensory Science Symposium", Gothenburg, Sweden, 23/08/2015 - 27/08/2015.

Brandt, P, Aaslyng, M, Rousing, T , Schild, S-LA & Herskin, MS 2015, 'The relationship between selected physiological post mortem measures and an overall pig welfare assessment from farm to slaughter', Livestock Science, vol. 180, pp. 194-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2015.07.007

Jacobsen, CB & Salomonsen, HH 2015, 'The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Internal Communication – Performance in Public and Private Organizations: Identifying Contextual Conditions', Paper presented at IRSPM 2015 Conference, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 30/03/2015 - 01/04/2015.

Di Carlo, G, Polimeni, A, Melsen, B & Cattaneo, PM 2015, 'The relationship between upper airways and craniofacial morphology studied in 3D. A CBCT study', Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12053

Fage-Butler, AM & Nisbeth Jensen, M 2015, 'The relevance of existing health communication models in the email age: An integrative literature review', Communication & Medicine - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Healthcare, Ethics and Society, vol. 12, no. 2-3, pp. 117-128. https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.18399

Duus, N, Shogilev, DJ, Skibsted, S, Zijlstra, HW, Fish, E, Oren-Grinberg, A, Lior, Y, Novack, V, Talmor, D, Kirkegaard, H & Shapiro, NI 2015, 'The reliability and validity of passive leg raise and fluid bolus to assess fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing emergency department patients', Journal of Critical Care, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 217.e1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.07.031

Henriksen, BIF & Møller, SH 2015, 'The reliability of welfare assessment according to the WelFur-protocol in the nursing period of mink (Neovison vison) is challenged by increasing welfare problems prior to weaning', Animal Welfare, vol. 24, pp. 193-201. https://doi.org/10.7120/09627286.24.2.193

Koppel, JM & Berntsen, D 2015, 'There may not be a cultural life script for public events, but there is a youth bias: Response to Janssen (2014)', Applied Cognitive Psychology, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 69-70. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3076

Benchimol, EI, Smeeth, L, Guttmann, A, Harron, K, Moher, D, Petersen, I , Sørensen, HT, von Elm, E, Langan, SM & RECORD Working Committee 2015, 'The REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely-collected health Data (RECORD) Statement', P L o S Medicine (Print), vol. 12, no. 10, pp. e1001885. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001885

Nicholls, SG, Quach, P, von Elm, E, Guttmann, A, Moher, D, Petersen, I , Sørensen, HT, Smeeth, L, Langan, SM & Benchimol, EI 2015, 'The REporting of Studies Conducted Using Observational Routinely-Collected Health Data (RECORD) Statement: Methods for Arriving at Consensus and Developing Reporting Guidelines', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. e0125620. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125620

Bortfeld, T, Torresin, A, Fiorino, C, Andreo, P, Gagliardi, G, Jeraj, R, Muren, LP, Paiusco, M, Thwaites, D & Knöös, T 2015, 'The research versus clinical service role of medical physics', Radiotherapy and Oncology, vol. 114, no. 3, pp. 285-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2015.02.003

Bak, PL, Midgley, N, Zhu, JL , Wistoft, K & Obel, C 2015, 'The Resilience Program: preliminary evaluation of a mentalization-based education program', Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 6, 753. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00753

Coles, MG & Mortensen, DT 2015, 'The response of employment and wages to aggregate shocks: On-the-job search effect', Research in Economics, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 7–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rie.2013.10.005

Larsen, NK, Kjaer, KH, Lecavalier, B, Bjork, AA, Colding, S, Huybrechts, P, Jakobsen, KE, Kjeldsen, KK, Knudsen, K-L , Odgaard, BV & Olsen, J 2015, 'The response of the southern Greenland ice sheet to the Holocene thermal maximum', Geology, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 291-294. https://doi.org/10.1130/G36476.1

Holst, MK 2015, The restoration of order: - repairs, adjustments and preparation. in MK Holst & M Rasmussen (eds), Skelhøj and the Bronze Age Barrows of Southern Scandinavia Vol. 2: Barrow building and barrow assemblies. Jysk Arkæologisk Selskab, Højbjerg, Jysk Arkæologisk Selskabs Skrifter, vol. 89, pp. 111-118.

Pedersen, LK , Rahbek, O , Nikolajsen, L & Møller-Madsen, B 2015, 'The revised FLACC score: Reliability and validation for pain assessment in children with cerebral palsy', Scandinavian Journal of Pain, vol. 9, pp. 57-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2015.06.007

Jensen, SB, Meyer, LS, Alstrup, AKO, Afzelius, P, Bender, D, Schønheyder, HC & Nielsen, OL 2015, 'The revival of Indium-111 leukocyte labeling?', ISRS 2015, United States, 26/05/2015 - 31/05/2015.

Studsgaard, LM, Nielsen, OL, Alstrup, AKO, Afzelius, P, Bender, D, Schønheyder, HC & Jensen, SB 2015, 'The revival of Indium-111 leukocyte labeling or not?', 21st International Symposium on Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Columbia, Missouri, United States, 26/05/2015 - 31/05/2015. <http://isrs2015.org/>

Pedersen, OW 2015, 'The Rhetoric of Environmental Reasoning and Responses as Applied to Fracking', Journal of Environmental Law, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 325–334. https://doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqv012

Opstrup, N & Villadsen, AR 2015, 'The right mix? Gender diversity in top management teams and financial performance', Public Administration Review, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 291-301. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12310

Todeschini, V 2015, The Right to a Remedy in Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law, Human Rights Law and the Principle of Systemic Integration.

Becker, E-M 2015, 'The Rise and Expansion of Christianity in the First Three Centuries of the Common Era: ed. by C. K. Rothschild/J. Schröter', Review of Biblical Literature , vol. 07/09/2015. <http://www.bookreviews.org/pdf/9214_10160.pdf>

Henriksen, D 2015, The Rise in Co-authorship in the Social Sciences (1980-2013). in Proceedings of ISSI 2015 Istanbul: 15th International Society of Scientometrics and Informetrics Conference. vol. 1, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 209-220, ISSI 2015, Istanbul, Turkey, 29/06/2015. <http://www.issi2015.org/files/downloads/all-papers/0209.pdf>

Dueholm, M , Hjorth, IM , Dahl, K , Hansen, ES & Ortoft, G 2015, 'THE RISK OF ENDOMETRIAL CANCER (REC-SCORE) FOR DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOMETRIAL CANCER IN WOMEN WITH POSTMENOPAUSAL BLEEDING', ESGO endoscopic Society of gynecologic Oncology , Nice, France, 24/10/2015 - 28/10/2015 pp. 95-96.

László, KD, Olsen, J , Li, J, Persson, M, Vestergaard, M, Svensson, T, Obel, C & Cnattingius, S 2015, 'The Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Following Bereavement: A Cohort Study from Denmark and Sweden', Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 271-80. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12198

Wildt, S, Hitz, M, Becker, S , Brockstedt, HK , Bonderup, OK & Munck, LK 2015, 'The risk of osteoporosis is not increased in microscopic colitis', United European Gastroenterology Week, Barcelona, Spain, 24/10/2015 - 28/01/2016. <https://cdn.ueg.eu/ueg-week-2015/posters-and-videos/P1544.pdf>

Skibsted, J , Dai, Z , Enemark-Rasmussen, K & Garg, N 2015, Thermal activation and pozzolanic reactivity of calcined clay minerals for applications in Portland cement blends. in 19th IBAUSIL – Internationale Baustofftagung. Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, pp. 191-204, 19th IBAUSIL – Internationale Baustofftagung, Weimar, Germany, 16/09/2015.

Mo, X, Zhang, J, Fan, Y, Svensson, P & Wang, K 2015, 'Thermal and mechanical quantitative sensory testing in Chinese patients with burning mouth syndrome-a probable neuropathic pain condition?', Journal of Headache and Pain, vol. 16, no. 84. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-015-0565-x

Suhasaria, T, Thrower, JD & Zacharias, H 2015, 'Thermal desorption of ammonia from crystalline forsterite surfaces', Royal Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices, vol. 454, no. 3, pp. 3317-3327. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv2197

Lamberts, T, Ioppolo, S, Cuppen, HM, Fedoseev, G & Linnartz, H 2015, 'Thermal H/D exchange in polar ice - deuteron scrambling in space', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 448, no. 4, pp. 3820-3828. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv278

Ferrari, P, Janssens, E, Lievens, P & Hansen, K 2015, 'Thermal radiation and fragmentation pathways of photo-excited silicon clusters', Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 143, no. 22, 224313. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4936917

Nicacio, F, Ferraro, A, Imparato, A, Paternostro, M & Semiao, FL 2015, 'Thermal transport in out-of-equilibrium quantum harmonic chains', Physical Review E, vol. 91, no. 4, 042116. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.91.042116

Lesher, C & Spera, FJ 2015, Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Silicate Melts and Magma. in H Sigurdsson, B Houghton, S McNutt, H Rymer & J Stix (eds), The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes . 2 edn, Elsevier, pp. 113-142.

Kunther, W , Dai, Z & Skibsted, J 2015, Thermodynamic modeling of Portland cement - metakaolin - limestone blends. in K Scrivener & A Favier (eds), Calcined clays for sustainable concrete: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Calcined Clays for Sustainable Concrete. Springer, RILEM Bookseries, vol. 10, pp. 143-149, 1st International Conference on Calcined Clay for Sustainable Concrete, Zürich, Switzerland, 23/06/2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9939-3_18

Kunther, W , Dai, Z & Skibsted, J 2015, Thermodynamic modeling of Portland cement – metakaolin – limestone blends. in ICCC 2015 Beijing : the 14th international congress on the chemistry of cement, 13-16 October, 2015: 1 Abstract book. pp. 108-114, 14th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, Beijing, China, 13/10/2015.

Reardon, H , Iversen, BB & Bremholm, M 2015, 'Thermoelectric Clathrates Under Extreme Conditions', Danscatt Annual meeting 2015, Aarhus, Denmark, 28/05/2015 - 29/05/2015.

Man, EA, Sera, D, Máthé, L, Schaltz, E & Rosendahl, LA 2015, Thermoelectric Generator Emulator for MPPT Testing. in Proceedings of the 2015 ACEMP-OPTIM-Electromotion International Conference. IEEE Press, pp. 774 - 778, 2015 International Aegean Conference on Electrical machines and Power Electronics ACEMPOPTIM- ELECTROMOTION Joint Conference, Side, Turkey, 02/09/2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7427051

Sreeparvathy, PC, Gudelli, VK, Kanchana, V, Vaitheeswaran, G, Svane, A & Christensen, NE 2015, 'Thermoelectric properties of binary LnN (Ln=La and Lu): First principles study', AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1665, 110008. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4918064

Sommer, S 2015, Thermoelectric ZnO and ZnAl2O4.

Whyte, CA, Mackie, K, Abbiati, G & Stojadinovic, B 2015, Thermomechanical hybrid simulation of an earthquake-fire-earthquake scenario. in Conference of the ASCE Engineering Mechanics Institute. Conference of the ASCE Engineering Mechanics Institute, Pako Alto, California, United States, 16/06/2015.

Lauring, J 2015, The rocky phases of moving abroad. in Welcome to Denmark: A guide to practical and social integration. The Confederation of Danish Industry, pp. 6-7.

Peschel, AO , Scholderer, J & Zielke, S 2015, 'The role of activation format in price information transfer between categories: Paper presented at 143 EAAE/AAEA Joint seminar , Napoli, Italy'.

Vaarst, M 2015, 'The Role of Animals in Eco-functional Intensification of Organic Agriculture', Sustainable Agriculture Research, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 103-115. https://doi.org/10.5539/sar.v4n3p103

Rossen, CB , Buus, N, Stenager, E & Stenager, E 2015, 'The role of assessment packages for diagnostic consultations: A conversation analytic perspective', Health, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 294-317. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363459314545698

Biesta, G, Priestley, M & Robinson, S 2015, 'The role of beliefs in teacher agency', Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 624-640. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2015.1044325

Hansen, TT, Andersen, J , Nordström, IB, Beers, TC, Yoon, J & Buchhave, LA 2015, 'The role of binaries in the enrichment of the early Galactic halo I. r-process-enhanced metal-poor stars', Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A), vol. 583, A49. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526812

Matchkov, VV , Bødtkjer, DMB & Aalkjaer, C 2015, 'The role of Ca(2+) activated Cl(-) channels in blood pressure control', Current Opinion in Pharmacology, vol. 21, pp. 127-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2015.02.003

Frandsen, F & Johansen, W 2015, The Role of Communication Executives in Strategy and Strategizing. in D Holtzhausen & A Zerfass (eds), The Routledge Handbook of Strategic Communication. Routledge, New York, pp. 229-243.

Lueg, R, Pedersen, MM & Clemmensen, SN 2015, 'The Role of Corporate Sustainability in a Low-Cost Business Model: A Case Study in the Scandinavian Fashion Industry', Business Strategy and the Environment, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 344-359. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1825

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