Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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von Essen, E, Hansen, HP, Kallstrom, HN, Peterson, MN & Peterson, TR 2015, 'The radicalisation of rural resistance: How hunting counterpublics in the Nordic countries contribute to illegal hunting', Journal of Rural Studies, vol. 39, pp. 199-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2014.11.001

Yang, C , Ogaki, R , Hansen, L , Kjems, J & Mian Teo, B 2015, 'Theranostic carbon dots derived from garlic with efficient anti-oxidative effects towards macrophages', R S C Advances, vol. 118, pp. 97836-97840. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA16874K

Erlinge, D, Götberg, M, Noc, M, Lang, I, Holzer, M, Clemmensen, P, Jensen, U, Metzler, B, James, S, Bøtker, HE, Omerovic, E, Koul, S, Engblom, H, Carlsson, M, Arheden, H, Östlund, O, Wallentin, L, Klos, B, Harnek, J & Olivecrona, GK 2015, 'Therapeutic Hypothermia for the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction-Combined Analysis of the RAPID MI-ICE and the CHILL-MI Trials', Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management.

Horsman, MR 2015, 'Therapeutic potential of using the vascular disrupting agent OXi4503 to enhance mild temperature thermoradiation', International Journal of Hyperthermia, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 453-9. https://doi.org/10.3109/02656736.2015.1024289

Joyce, S 2015, 'The Rapture at the World’s End: Non-optional Choice and Libertarianism in New Media', Synthesis, vol. 6, pp. 73-91. <http://synthesis.enl.uoa.gr/fileadmin/synthesis.enl.uoa.gr/uploads/Issue6/7.Joyce.pdf>

Stoustrup, P & Twilt, M 2015, 'Therapy: Intra-articular steroids for TMJ arthritis--caution needed', Nature Reviews. Rheumatology, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 566-567. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2015.97

Paldam, M 2015 'The rational economist in research: A model' Economics Working Papers, no. 2015-16, Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus.

Larsen, KB 2015, The Recognition Scenes and Epistemological Reciprocity in the Fourth Gospel. in KB Larsen (ed.), The Gospel of John as Genre Mosaic. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, Studia Aarhusiana Neotestamentica, vol. 3, pp. 341-56.

Kringelbach, ML, McIntosh, AR, Ritter, P, Jirsa, VK & Deco, G 2015, 'The Rediscovery of Slowness: Exploring the Timing of Cognition', Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 616-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2015.07.011

Rittenhofer, I 2015, 'The reflexive case study method: A practice approach to SME globalization', International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 410-428. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-12-2013-0215

Neville, M 2015, The Regulation of Close Corporations in Danish Law in an International Regulatory Context. in C Teichmann & J Viera González (eds), Private Company Law Reform In Europe: The Race for Flexibility . Karnov Group, Madrid, pp. 87-157.

Gram, M & Grønhøj, A 2015, '"There is usually just one Friday a week.": Parents' and children’s categorizations of "unhealthy" food', Food, Culture & Society, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 547-567. https://doi.org/10.1080/15528014.2015.1088189

Ogle, CM, Rubin, DC & Siegler, IC 2015, 'The relation between insecure attachment and posttraumatic stress: Early life versus adulthood traumas', Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 324-332. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000015

Sanchez-Guajardo, V , Tentillier, N & Romero-Ramos, M 2015, 'The relation between α-synuclein and microglia in Parkinson's Disease: Recent developments', Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.02.008

Wiuff Andersen, L, Bivens, MJ, Giberson, T, Giberson, B, Mottley, JL, Gautam, S, Salciccioli, JD, Cocchi, MN, McNally, B & Donnino, MW 2015, 'The relationship between age and outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients', Resuscitation, vol. 94, pp. 49-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.05.015

Furnham, A & Gøtzsche-Astrup, O 2015, 'The relationship between bright- and dark-side personality traits', Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 87, 10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.002, pp. 206-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.002

Ludvig Bech, S 2015, 'The Relationship between Caseworkers and Unemployed Workers', Århus.

Nielsen, KJ, Lander, F & Lauritsen, JM 2015, 'The relationship between macroeconomic and industry-specific business cycle indicators and workrelated injuries among Danish construction workers', Occupational & Environmental Medicine, vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 271-276. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2014-102290

Gambi, LDN, Boer, H, Gerolamo, MC, Jørgensen, F & Carpinetti, LCR 2015, 'The relationship between organizational culture and quality techniques, and its impact on operational performance', International Journal of Operations and Production Management, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 1460-1484.

Wang, B, Li, Z, Miao, M, Liu, X, Wang, H, Liang, G, Liu, Z, Sun, Y & Yuan, W 2015, 'The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Aging Symptoms Among Community-Dwelling Men Aged 40− 70 Years in Shanghai, China', Journal of Physical Activity & Health, pp. 87-92.

Mielby, LH , Andersen, BV , Eggers, N, Jensen, S, Sørensen, AK, Kildegaard, H & Byrne, DV 2015, 'The relationship between real choice, the satiating capacity and affective responses', Pangborn 2015: "11th Pangborn Sensory Science Symposium", Gothenburg, Sweden, 23/08/2015 - 27/08/2015.

Mielby, LA , Andersen, BV , Eggers, N, Jensen, S, Sørensen, AK & Byrne, DV 2015, 'The relationship between real choice, the satiating capacity and affective responses', Pangborn 2015: "11th Pangborn Sensory Science Symposium", Gothenburg, Sweden, 23/08/2015 - 27/08/2015.

Brandt, P, Aaslyng, M, Rousing, T , Schild, S-LA & Herskin, MS 2015, 'The relationship between selected physiological post mortem measures and an overall pig welfare assessment from farm to slaughter', Livestock Science, vol. 180, pp. 194-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2015.07.007

Jacobsen, CB & Salomonsen, HH 2015, 'The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Internal Communication – Performance in Public and Private Organizations: Identifying Contextual Conditions', Paper presented at IRSPM 2015 Conference, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 30/03/2015 - 01/04/2015.

Di Carlo, G, Polimeni, A, Melsen, B & Cattaneo, PM 2015, 'The relationship between upper airways and craniofacial morphology studied in 3D. A CBCT study', Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12053

Fage-Butler, AM & Nisbeth Jensen, M 2015, 'The relevance of existing health communication models in the email age: An integrative literature review', Communication & Medicine - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Healthcare, Ethics and Society, vol. 12, no. 2-3, pp. 117-128. https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.18399

Duus, N, Shogilev, DJ, Skibsted, S, Zijlstra, HW, Fish, E, Oren-Grinberg, A, Lior, Y, Novack, V, Talmor, D, Kirkegaard, H & Shapiro, NI 2015, 'The reliability and validity of passive leg raise and fluid bolus to assess fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing emergency department patients', Journal of Critical Care, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 217.e1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.07.031

Henriksen, BIF & Møller, SH 2015, 'The reliability of welfare assessment according to the WelFur-protocol in the nursing period of mink (Neovison vison) is challenged by increasing welfare problems prior to weaning', Animal Welfare, vol. 24, pp. 193-201. https://doi.org/10.7120/09627286.24.2.193

Koppel, JM & Berntsen, D 2015, 'There may not be a cultural life script for public events, but there is a youth bias: Response to Janssen (2014)', Applied Cognitive Psychology, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 69-70. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3076

Benchimol, EI, Smeeth, L, Guttmann, A, Harron, K, Moher, D, Petersen, I , Sørensen, HT, von Elm, E, Langan, SM & RECORD Working Committee 2015, 'The REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely-collected health Data (RECORD) Statement', P L o S Medicine (Print), vol. 12, no. 10, pp. e1001885. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001885

Nicholls, SG, Quach, P, von Elm, E, Guttmann, A, Moher, D, Petersen, I , Sørensen, HT, Smeeth, L, Langan, SM & Benchimol, EI 2015, 'The REporting of Studies Conducted Using Observational Routinely-Collected Health Data (RECORD) Statement: Methods for Arriving at Consensus and Developing Reporting Guidelines', PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. e0125620. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125620

Bortfeld, T, Torresin, A, Fiorino, C, Andreo, P, Gagliardi, G, Jeraj, R, Muren, LP, Paiusco, M, Thwaites, D & Knöös, T 2015, 'The research versus clinical service role of medical physics', Radiotherapy and Oncology, vol. 114, no. 3, pp. 285-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2015.02.003

Bak, PL, Midgley, N, Zhu, JL , Wistoft, K & Obel, C 2015, 'The Resilience Program: preliminary evaluation of a mentalization-based education program', Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 6, 753. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00753

Coles, MG & Mortensen, DT 2015, 'The response of employment and wages to aggregate shocks: On-the-job search effect', Research in Economics, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 7–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rie.2013.10.005

Larsen, NK, Kjaer, KH, Lecavalier, B, Bjork, AA, Colding, S, Huybrechts, P, Jakobsen, KE, Kjeldsen, KK, Knudsen, K-L , Odgaard, BV & Olsen, J 2015, 'The response of the southern Greenland ice sheet to the Holocene thermal maximum', Geology, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 291-294. https://doi.org/10.1130/G36476.1

Holst, MK 2015, The restoration of order: - repairs, adjustments and preparation. in MK Holst & M Rasmussen (eds), Skelhøj and the Bronze Age Barrows of Southern Scandinavia Vol. 2: Barrow building and barrow assemblies. Jysk Arkæologisk Selskab, Højbjerg, Jysk Arkæologisk Selskabs Skrifter, vol. 89, pp. 111-118.

Pedersen, LK , Rahbek, O , Nikolajsen, L & Møller-Madsen, B 2015, 'The revised FLACC score: Reliability and validation for pain assessment in children with cerebral palsy', Scandinavian Journal of Pain, vol. 9, pp. 57-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2015.06.007

Jensen, SB, Meyer, LS, Alstrup, AKO, Afzelius, P, Bender, D, Schønheyder, HC & Nielsen, OL 2015, 'The revival of Indium-111 leukocyte labeling?', ISRS 2015, United States, 26/05/2015 - 31/05/2015.

Studsgaard, LM, Nielsen, OL, Alstrup, AKO, Afzelius, P, Bender, D, Schønheyder, HC & Jensen, SB 2015, 'The revival of Indium-111 leukocyte labeling or not?', 21st International Symposium on Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Columbia, Missouri, United States, 26/05/2015 - 31/05/2015. <http://isrs2015.org/>

Pedersen, OW 2015, 'The Rhetoric of Environmental Reasoning and Responses as Applied to Fracking', Journal of Environmental Law, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 325–334. https://doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqv012

Opstrup, N & Villadsen, AR 2015, 'The right mix? Gender diversity in top management teams and financial performance', Public Administration Review, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 291-301. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12310

Todeschini, V 2015, The Right to a Remedy in Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law, Human Rights Law and the Principle of Systemic Integration.

Becker, E-M 2015, 'The Rise and Expansion of Christianity in the First Three Centuries of the Common Era: ed. by C. K. Rothschild/J. Schröter', Review of Biblical Literature , vol. 07/09/2015. <http://www.bookreviews.org/pdf/9214_10160.pdf>

Henriksen, D 2015, The Rise in Co-authorship in the Social Sciences (1980-2013). in Proceedings of ISSI 2015 Istanbul: 15th International Society of Scientometrics and Informetrics Conference. vol. 1, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 209-220, ISSI 2015, Istanbul, Turkey, 29/06/2015. <http://www.issi2015.org/files/downloads/all-papers/0209.pdf>

Dueholm, M , Hjorth, IM , Dahl, K , Hansen, ES & Ortoft, G 2015, 'THE RISK OF ENDOMETRIAL CANCER (REC-SCORE) FOR DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOMETRIAL CANCER IN WOMEN WITH POSTMENOPAUSAL BLEEDING', ESGO endoscopic Society of gynecologic Oncology , Nice, France, 24/10/2015 - 28/10/2015 pp. 95-96.

László, KD, Olsen, J , Li, J, Persson, M, Vestergaard, M, Svensson, T, Obel, C & Cnattingius, S 2015, 'The Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Following Bereavement: A Cohort Study from Denmark and Sweden', Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 271-80. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12198

Wildt, S, Hitz, M, Becker, S , Brockstedt, HK , Bonderup, OK & Munck, LK 2015, 'The risk of osteoporosis is not increased in microscopic colitis', United European Gastroenterology Week, Barcelona, Spain, 24/10/2015 - 28/01/2016. <https://cdn.ueg.eu/ueg-week-2015/posters-and-videos/P1544.pdf>

Skibsted, J , Dai, Z , Enemark-Rasmussen, K & Garg, N 2015, Thermal activation and pozzolanic reactivity of calcined clay minerals for applications in Portland cement blends. in 19th IBAUSIL – Internationale Baustofftagung. Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, pp. 191-204, 19th IBAUSIL – Internationale Baustofftagung, Weimar, Germany, 16/09/2015.

Mo, X, Zhang, J, Fan, Y, Svensson, P & Wang, K 2015, 'Thermal and mechanical quantitative sensory testing in Chinese patients with burning mouth syndrome-a probable neuropathic pain condition?', Journal of Headache and Pain, vol. 16, no. 84. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-015-0565-x

Suhasaria, T, Thrower, JD & Zacharias, H 2015, 'Thermal desorption of ammonia from crystalline forsterite surfaces', Royal Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices, vol. 454, no. 3, pp. 3317-3327. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv2197

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