Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Knudsen, LED, Rold, M & Hoybye, M 2026, Introduktion til arts-based research – et landskab af muligheder. in Arts-based research. Kunstbaserede forskningsmetoder . Unge Pædagoger.

Lee, ES, Baltsen, CD, Stubblefield, WB, Granfeldt, A , Andersen, A, Stannek, K, Dudzinski, DM, Kabrhel, C & Lyhne, MD 2026, 'Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Scoping Review', Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 3-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/08850666241285862

Holmberg, MJ , Granfeldt, A & Andersen, LW 2026, 'Intubation during in-hospital cardiac arrest: an instrumental variable analysis', Resuscitation Plus, vol. 27, 101202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resplu.2025.101202

Ulriksen, MD, Gres, S, Nieto, PZ, Dahl, MB & Bernal, D 2026, 'Invariant eigenvalue assignment and uncertainty quantification for damage localization', Journal of Vibration and Control, vol. 32, no. 7-8, pp. 1741-1752. https://doi.org/10.1177/10775463251315981

Norton, V, Lignou, S, Anguiano-Arreola, P, Oloyede, OO, Vásquez, G, Wang, QJ, Sfyra, K & Alexi, N 2026, 'Investigating Consumer-Centric Sustainable Food Packaging Challenges and Preferences: A Cross-Cultural Analysis From Seven European Countries in a GenZ and Millennials Population', Food Frontiers, vol. 7, no. 2, e70253. https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.70253

Amini, B, Jahnel, RE, Makanjuola, BO, Bai, X, Barbut, S, Harlander, A, Ellis, JL, Baes, CF & Leishman, EM 2026, 'Investigating factors affecting the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia in meat-type poultry: A meta-analysis', Poultry Science, vol. 105, no. 2, 106183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.106183

Berloff, G, Broomhall, AM, Hookway, GT, Lund, MN, Millson, LJ & Kolotkov, D 2026, 'Investigating magnetic activity cycles in solar-like oscillators using asteroseismic data from the K2 mission', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 546, no. 3, stag092. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag092

Holmberg Busch, A, Østergaard, M, Stiil Vium, E, Brix, N, Evald, J, Torp Sørensen, L, Hansen, JK, Amidi, A , Boxill, M, Gyldenholm Skals, R & Møller Handrup, M 2026, 'Investigating neuropsychological functions in pediatric epilepsy: a cross-sectional study', Disability and Rehabilitation. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2026.2627654

Aczel, B, Szaszi, B, Clelland, HT, Kovacs, M, Holzmeister, F, van Ravenzwaaij, D, Schulz-Kümpel, H, Hoffmann, S, Nilsonne, G, Kosa, L, Torma, ZA, Abdelfatah, Y, Aberson, CL, Acar, OA, Acem, E, Adamkovic, M, Adamovich, T, Adiasto, K, Ahnström, L, Akil, AM, Al-Busaidi, AS, Al-Hoorie, AH, Albers, CJ, Allen, PJ, Alsalti, T, Altman, M, Alzahawi, S, Ambrosini, E, Anafinova, S, Anand, R, Angerer, M, Angulo-Brunet, A, Antonietti, A, Arato, J, Arenas, A, Aviña, MM, Azevedo, F, Bachl, M, Bago, B, Bahník, Š, Baker, BJ, Balayan, E, Bendixen, T, Cepaluni, G, Chang, C, Chen, H, Haigh, M, Kim, J, Lange, M, Merkle, C & Wulff, J 2026, 'Investigating the analytical robustness of the social and behavioural sciences', Nature, vol. 652, no. 8108, pp. 135-142. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09844-9

For the INSIGHT FLU 002 Plus and FLU 003 Plus Study Groups 2026, 'Investigating the Impact of Host Genetics on the Risk of Disease Progression in Individuals With Influenza', Immunity, Inflammation and Disease, vol. 14, no. 3, e70394. https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70394

Mariani Wigley, ILC, Lautarescu, A, Vartiainen, E, Pulli, EP, Hashempour, N, Merisaari, H, Bano, W, Luotonen, S, Jolly, A, Suuronen, I, Karlsson, L, Karlsson, H, Cabral, J, Kringelbach, ML, Batalle, D, Edwards, AD & Tuulari, JJ 2026, 'Investigating the influence of maternal prenatal BMI and perinatal depressive symptoms on neonatal brain network dynamics', Pediatric Research. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-04726-2

Franke, H, O'Connor, H, Schillinger, S, Shen, S, Peterson, C, Abashidze, N, Groves, E, Fusaroli, R , Weed, E, Eigsti, I-M, Grossman, R & Parish-Morris, J 2026, 'Investigating the Relationship between Laughter and Conversational Enjoyment in Autistic and Non-Autistic Teens', INSAR 2026, Prague, Czech Republic, 22/04/2026 - 25/04/2026.

Tyner, AH, Abatayo, AL, Daley, M, Field, S, Fox, N, Haber, NA, Hahn, KM, Struhl, MK, Mawhinney, B, Miske, O, Silverstein, P, Soderberg, CK, Stankov, T, Abbasi, A, Aberson, CL, Aczel, B, Adamkovič, M, Albayrak, N, Allen, PJ, Andreychik, M, Awtrey, E, Axxe, E, Azevedo, F, Bader, MD, Bago, B, Bailey, J, Bakker, M, Banik, G, Banks, GC, Baskin, E, Batruch, A, Beatteay, A, Behr, SM, Berente, N, Berry, Z, Białkowski, J, Bodroža, B, Boeschoten, L, Bognar, M, Bokhove, C, Bonfiglio, D, Bouwman, R, Brady, TF, Braithwaite, SR, Briceño Jiménez, G, Brick, C, Bricka, T, Briker, R, Brown, AN & Wulff, JN 2026, 'Investigating the replicability of the social and behavioural sciences', Nature, vol. 652, no. 8108, pp. 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-10078-y

Shi, L, Wang, T & Shapiro, A 2026, 'Investigation of salt precipitation under CO₂-brine displacement in micromodels', Chemical Engineering Research and Design, vol. 227, pp. 279-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2026.01.046

Andrade, N & Raja, R (eds) 2026, Invisible Labour in Antiquity: Visualizing Obscure Work in the Ancient Mediterranean and West Asia. vol. 1, Brepols Publishers, Turnhout.

Fan, Y, Joergensen, AR, Asik, MD, Ben Malick, F, Reyhanli, A, McCanne, M, Yuh, J, Fujino, K, Collins, JE, Bue, M, Muratoglu, OK, Stilling, M & Oral, E 2026, 'In Vivo Microdialysis Assessment of Systemic and Local Vancomycin Levels Following Intraarticular Administration in Rats', Journal of Orthopaedic Research, vol. 44, no. 1, e70098. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.70098

Bajoriūnas, V, Tunaitytė, A, Volkevičiūtė, A, Abramavičius, S, Bajoriūnienė, I, Stankevičius, E & Simonsen, U 2026, 'Involvement of Nitric Oxide in TRPV4-Induced Relaxations of Mouse and Human Pulmonary Arteries', Biology, vol. 15, no. 3, 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15030292

Pedersen, S, I reklamernes usynlige fodspor: Sådan snører reklamer din hjerne, 2026, Pictures, Video and sound recordings (digital), Brainstorm, Videnskab.dk, https://audioboom.com/posts/8852905-i-reklamernes-usynlige-fodspor-sadan-snorer-reklamer-din-hjerne.

Torrance, I 2026, Irish Migrations and Classical Antiquity. Bloomsbury Academic, London.

Torrance, I 2026, Irish Migrations and Classical Antiquity: Introduction. in Irish Migrations and Classical Antiquity. Bloomsbury Academic, London, pp. 1-22.

Ciscar, M , Rodríguez-Santana, C & Santana-Codina, N 2026, 'Iron and metabolic rewiring in cancer', Oncogenesis, vol. 15, no. 1, 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41389-025-00595-w

Mifsud, DV, Kaňuchová, Z, Auriacombe, O, Herczku, P, Rácz, R, Kovács, STS, Qasim, D, Sulik, B, Juhász, Z, Vajda, I, Rajta, I, Raut, U, Biri, S, Ioppolo, S & Mason, NJ 2026, 'Irradiation of methanol ice on a sulfur-rich dust analogue at 25 K: a mid-infrared spectroscopic study', Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 3642-3655. https://doi.org/10.1039/d5cp03973h

Lin, Y, Yang, X, Nan, T, Du, T, Kang, S, Butterbach-Bahl, K & Siddique, KHM 2026, 'Irrigation-induced changes in rhizosphere and bulk soil properties shape microbial communities and functions in a winter wheat–summer maize system', Agricultural Water Management, vol. 327, 110249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110249

Lynch, M & Valbjørn, M 2026, IR Theory and the Middle East at War: Challenges and Opportunities. in M Lynch & M Valbjørn (eds), IR Theory and the Middle East at War. vol. 58, The Project on Middle East Political Science (POMEPS), Washington / Aarhus, pp. 3-10. <https://pomeps.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/POMEPS_Studies_58_Final.pdf>

Lynch, M & Valbjørn, M (eds) 2026, IR Theory and the Middle East at War. vol. 58, The Project on Middle East Political Science (POMEPS), Washington / Aarhus. <https://pomeps.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/POMEPS_Studies_58_Final.pdf>

Campo, FF, Carlomagno, F, Vuust, P , Haumann, NT , Bonetti, L, Grube, M & Brattico, E 2026, 'Is auditory prediction related to domain-general cognitive abilities? A neurophysiology study on MMN and cognitive performance scores', Behavioural Brain Research, vol. 497, 115884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115884

Banovic, M 2026, Is Beyond’s diversification the nail in the coffin of plant-based meat? by Augustus Bambridge-Sutton. <https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2026/01/21/beyonds-diversification-end-of-plant-based-meat/>

Andersen, A & Schultz, JG 2026, 'Is catheter-directed lysis obsolete? STRATIFY revisits low-dose thrombolysis for intermediate-high risk pulmonary embolism', Cardiovascular Research. https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvag035

Holm, TE 2026, Isfugl, overvågning af ynglefugle. DCE, Teknisk anvisning fra Fagdatacenter for Biodiversitet og Terrestrisk Natur, no. A167, vers. 3, Aarhus University, DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. <https://ecos.au.dk/fileadmin/ecos/Fagdatacentre/Biodiversitet/TAA167Isfugl_v3.pdf>

Skoda, U & Olesen, MG 2026, 'Islamisk Visuel Analogisme: Arkitektur og Fotografi blandt Dawoodi Bohra-muslimer', Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift.

Sinclair, K, Stetter, S & Valbjørn, M (eds) 2026, Islampolitik: The Role of Islam in Modern State-Building. Palgrave, New York.

Bernth Jensen, JM , Søgaard, OS , Petersen, MS, Hoffmann, S, Møller, BK, Hansen, AG, Sørensen, UBS & Thiel, S 2026, 'Isohemagglutinins exhibit synergistic polyreactivity toward Streptococcus pneumoniae surface antigens: implications for broad-spectrum reactivity of human antibodies', Medical Microbiology and Immunology, vol. 215, no. 1, 5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-025-00862-y

Corfitsen, AR, Nygaard, MKE , Eskildsen, SF , Dalgas, U & Langeskov-Christensen, M 2026, 'Is physical fitness associated with brain structure and function in Parkinson's disease?', Brain Imaging and Behavior, vol. 20, no. 2, 44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-026-01098-x

Isen, JD, Ludeke, SG, Bainbridge, TF, McGue, MK & Iacono, WG 2026, 'Is Progressive Ideology on the Test? Education and Intelligence in the Development of Nontraditional Attitudes', Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 264-278. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241273279

Jensen, K & Grau, C 2026, 'Is proton therapy a new standard of care for oropharyngeal cancer?', Lancet, vol. 407, no. 10524, pp. 112-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(25)02639-X

Margolinsky, RV, Andersen-Civil, A, Muggli, Z, Wejse, C & Hvass, AMF 2026, 'Is Screening for Anemia in Newly Arrived Refugees Recommendable? A Cross-Sectional Study of Anemia Prevalence in Refugees Resettled in Aarhus, Denmark', Journal of Migration and Health, vol. 13, 100380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100380

Lyngbaek, L , Feldkamp, P , Bizzoni, Y , Nielbo, K & Enevoldsen, K 2026, Is Sentiment Banana-Shaped? Exploring the Geometry and Portability of Sentiment Concept Vectors. in J Barnes, V Barriere, O De Clercq, R Klinger, C Nouri, D Nozza & P Singh (eds), The Proceedings for the 15th Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment Social Media Analysis (WASSA 2026). Association for Computational Linguistics, Rabat, Morocco, pp. 146-160. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.wassa-1.13

Clausen, KK , Sterup, J, Pedersen, KT & Bregnballe, T 2026, 'Is shooting of cormorants in Danish waters adding to the population decline of the carbo sub-species in Norway?'.

Chiaramonti, D, Lotti, G, Tozzi, F, Casini, D, Vaccari, FP, Sanei, H, Luconi, M & Buffi, M 2026, 'Is soil sampling appropriate for quantitative carbon accounting for biochar? An experimental investigation to assess soil carbon accumulation', Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 205, 108537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108537

Grønhøj, EO 2026, 'Is Technology for Me? Exploring Adolescents’ Gendered Aspirations for Technology Careers', PhD, Aarhus University.

Wisher, I & Riede, F 2026, 'Istidens øjenskygge', SKALK Junior, vol. 2026, no. 1, pp. 26-27.

Wu, X 2026, 'Item storage reassignment problem in robotic mobile fulfillment systems under customer order characteristic fluctuations', Journal of the Operational Research Society. https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2026.2616411

Andersen, TR (ed.) 2026, The Anthropocene and Literature. Cambridge Critical Concepts, Cambridge University Press.

Kanareva-Dimitrovska, A & Lechner, C 2026, “I think Action Research is feasible, but not enough teachers know the method…” - Experiences with action research training and consultancy in Denmark. in A Gallagher-Brett & C Lechner (eds), Action Research Communities for Language Teachers. Bloomsbury Publishing plc.

Brughmans, T, de Soto, P & Pažout, A 2026, 'Itiner-e: a linked open gazetter of ancient roads', The European Archaeologist (TEA), no. 87, pp. 54-60. <https://www.e-a-a.org/EAA/News___Publications/TEA_87_content/Project_Overview.aspx>

Morrin, H, Au Yeung, J, Agnew, Z, Østergaard, SD & Pollak, TA 2026, 'It Is the Journey, Not the Destination: Moving From End Points to Trajectories When Assessing Chatbot Mental Health Safety', JMIR Mental Health, vol. 13, pp. e91454. https://doi.org/10.2196/91454

Karrebæk, MS, Kirilova, M & Ghandchi, N 2026, "It makes sense”: Credibility and impartiality in an interpreter-mediated asylum case in court. in Power, Mobility and Voice: Jan Blommaert’s Unfinished Business. Multilingual Matters Ltd.

Doubinsky, S 2026, “I Wish Everyone Had a Grace Paley in Their Life!”: An Interview With Leora Skolkin-Smith. <https://www.vol1brooklyn.com/2026/01/07/i-wish-everyone-had-a-grace-paley-in-their-life-an-interview-with-leora-skolkin-smith/?fbclid=IwY2xjawPPSeFleHRuA2FlbQIxMQBzcnRjBmFwcF9pZBAyMjIwMzkxNzg4MjAwODkyAAEehCGKaLIsxHtf7x2T2dEED17F2CTXUXuM0Djl05sZyzQ_olHhd6Qek7Iuwas_aem_e2QKgkvGbKCwUSgT4yX0kg>

Vilmar, TW 2026, 'Jeg er et tomt højhus, hvor smerten sidder i alle vægge', Seismograf/DMT. <https://seismograf.org/da/kortkritik/jeg-er-et-tomt-hoejhus-hvor-smerten-sidder-i-alle-vaegge>

Rasmussen, JD 2026, ”Jeg skal ikke begrave mig herinde i lejligheden, eller… det kan jeg ikke lide” – når lokalområdet og byen omkring ældreboligen er både tæt på og uendelig langt væk. in M Toft, J Thuesen & MA Andersen (eds), Boliger i senlivet (tent.).

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