Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Bignardi, L, Lizzit, D, Bana, H, Travaglia, E, Lacovig, P, Sanders, CE , Dendzik, M , Michiardi, M , Bianchi, M, Ewert, M, Buß, L, Falta, J, Flege, JI, Baraldi, A, Larciprete, R, Hofmann, P & Lizzit, S 2019, 'Growth and structure of singly oriented single-layer tungsten disulfide on Au(111)', Physical Review Materials, vol. 3, no. 1, 014003. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.3.014003

Bigaeva, E, Bomers, JJM, Biel, C, Mutsaers, HAM, de Graaf, IAM, Boersema, M & Olinga, P 2019, 'Growth factors of stem cell niche extend the life-span of precision-cut intestinal slices in culture: A proof-of-concept study', Toxicology in Vitro, vol. 59, pp. 312-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2019.05.024

Sharma, VM, Vestergaard, ET , Jessen, N , Kolind-Thomsen, P , Nellemann, B , Nielsen, TS , Vendelbo, MH , Møller, N, Sharma, R, Lee, KY, Kopchick, JJ, Jørgensen, JOL & Puri, V 2019, 'Growth hormone acts along PPARγ-FSP27 axis to stimulate lipolysis in human adipocytes', A J P: Endocrinology and Metabolism (Online), vol. 316, no. 1, pp. E34-E42. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00129.2018

Dosouto, C, Calaf, J, Polo, A, Haahr, T & Humaidan, P 2019, 'Growth Hormone and Reproduction: Lessons Learned From Animal Models and Clinical Trials', Frontiers in Endocrinology, vol. 10, 404, pp. 404. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00404

Høgild, ML , Bak, AM , Pedersen, SB , Rungby, J , Frystyk, J , Møller, N , Jessen, N & Jørgensen, JOL 2019, 'Growth Hormone Signaling and Action in Obese versus Lean Human Subjects', American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 316, no. 2, pp. E333-E344. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00431.2018

Krüger, M, Pietsch, J, Bauer, J, Kopp, S, Carvalho, DTO, Baatout, S, Moreels, M, Melnik, D , Wehland, M, Egli, M, Jayashree, S , Kobberø, SD , Corydon, TJ, Nebuloni, S, Gass, S, Evert, M, Infanger, M & Grimm, D 2019, 'Growth of Endothelial Cells in Space and in Simulated Microgravity - a Comparison on the Secretory Level', Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 1039-1060. https://doi.org/10.33594/000000071

Zhang, C, Tu, R, Dong, M, Li, J, Yang, M, Li, Q, Shi, J, Li, H, Ohmori, H, Zhang, S, Zhang, L & Goto, T 2019, 'Growth of umbrella-like millimeter-scale single-crystalline graphene on liquid copper', Carbon, vol. 150, pp. 356-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2019.05.013

Bogota, KSJ, Sanchez, C, Ibagon, J, Jlali, M, Cozannet, P, Preynat, A & Woyengo, TA 2019, 'Growth performance and nutrient digestibility of multi-enzyme-supplemented low-energy and -amino acid diets for growing and finishing pigs.', Journal of Animal Science, vol. 97, no. suppl. 2, pp. 69-69. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.128

Santana-Codina, N, Marcé-Grau, A, Muixí, L, Nieva, C, Marro, M, Sebastián, D, Muñoz, JP, Zorzano, A & Sierra, A 2019, 'GRP94 Is Involved in the Lipid Phenotype of Brain Metastatic Cells', International Journal of Molecular Sciences , vol. 20, no. 16. <https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/16/3883>

Hovmøller, MS , Rodriguez Algaba, J , Thach, T , Justesen, AF & Hansen, JG 2019, GRRC report: Puccinia striiformis race analyses/molecur genotyping 2018. in LN Jørgensen, BJ Nielsen, SK Mathiassen, MS Hovmøller, PK Jensen, TM Heick, HS Kristjansen, P Hartvig & S Sørensen (eds), Applied Crop Protection 2018. DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug, Tjele, DCA rapport, vol. 152, pp. 113-121.

Madsen, LHG 2019, Grundbyrder. in T Iversen, S Karstoft & LHG Madsen (eds), Festskrift til Bent Iversen. Djøf Forlag, København, pp. 167-186.

Nygaard, B 2019, Grundlovsjubilæer 1899-1999. danmarkshistorien.dk, Aarhus Universitet. <http://danmarkshistorien.dk/leksikon-og-kilder/vis/materiale/grundlovsjubilaeer/?no_cache=1&cHash=5dea93bf1c6fa2e1d3a427d05fefa550>

Terkelsen, O 2019, Grundprincipper. in Folkeret og menneskerettigheder. Karnov Group, pp. 17-35.

Rømer, TA 2019, Grundtvig og pædagogik: vexelvirkningen. in A von Oettingen (ed.), Pædagogiske tænkere: bidrag til empirisk dannelsesforskning. Hans Reitzels Forlag, København, pp. 67-82.

Bach-Nielsen, C 2019, Grundtvigs og Tietgens Marmorkirke: den danske sammenhængskraft? in B Bøggild Johannsen & H Vallø (eds), Frederiks Kirke 1894-2019 Kirkens hus: festskrift i anledning af Marmorkirkens 125-års jubilæum. pp. 16-27.

Thaulow, V 2019, 'Grundtvig som stridsmand og polemiker', Grundtvig-Studier, vol. 2019, pp. 79-105. <https://tidsskrift.dk/grs/article/download/121902/169204/>

Braun, E, Hotter, D, Koepke, L, Zech, F, Groß, R, Sparrer, KMJ, Müller, JA, Pfaller, CK, Heusinger, E, Wombacher, R, Sutter, K, Dittmer, U, Winkler, M, Simmons, G, Jakobsen, MR, Conzelmann, K-K, Pöhlmann, S, Münch, J, Fackler, OT, Kirchhoff, F & Sauter, D 2019, 'Guanylate-Binding Proteins 2 and 5 Exert Broad Antiviral Activity by Inhibiting Furin-Mediated Processing of Viral Envelope Proteins', Cell Reports, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 2092-2104.e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.063

Birkedal, L , Bizjak, A , Clouston, R , Grathwohl, HB , Spitters, B & Vezzosi, A 2019, 'Guarded Cubical Type Theory', Journal of Automated Reasoning, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 211-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10817-018-9471-7, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10817-018-9471-7

Sørensen, J 2019, Guder, ånder og andre smitsomme ideer: religion i menneskets evolution. in TK Nielsen, C Andersen, AR Kratschmer & M Clasen (eds), Menneske, kultur, evolution: et biokulturelt perspektiv. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Aarhus, pp. 89-102.

Falkenberg, R 2019, 'Gudesønnen og de satans dæmoner i Markusevangeliet', Bibliana, no. 1/2019. <https://readymag.com/u53721909/1405489/6/>

Pedersen, NA 2019, 'Guds børn og Fadervor (I): Dåbsritualets led og rækkefølge ifølge N.F.S. Grundtvig', Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift, vol. 82, no. 3-4, pp. 99-120. https://doi.org/10.7146/dtt.v82i3-4.121587

Wiberg Pedersen, EM 2019, Guds nåde og menneskers økonomi. in A Østerlund Nielsen, J Adelin Jørgensen & M Ishøy (eds), Økonomi og kristendom : hvad Guds er. Eksistensen Akademisk, Frederiksberg, pp. 87-96.

Rønkilde, JB & Westergaard, E 2019, 'Gudstjenesten må og skal til debat', Kristeligt Dagblad, vol. Sektion 1 , e73baebf, pp. 9-9.

Grimm, D 2019, 'Guest Edited Collection: Gravitational biology and space medicine', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 14399. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51231-8

Sutton, MA, Dalgaard, T, Cordovil, CMDS & Howard, C 2019, Guia de Boas Práticas Agrícolas para a Redução das Emissões de Amoníaco. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), Lissabon. <http://www.isa.ulisboa.pt/proj/nitroportugal/docs/2019/Portuguese%20version%20Ammonia%20Framework%20Code.pdf>

Córdoba, M, Paccioretti, PA, Giannini Kurina, F, Bruno, CI & Balzarini, MG 2019, Guia para el análisis de datos espaciales en agricultura.

EFSA Panel Plant Hlth EFSA PLH Pan 2019, 'Guidance on commodity risk assessment for the evaluation of high risk plants dossiers', EFSA Journal, vol. 17, no. 4, e05668. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5668

Stjerneklar, S , Hougaard, E & Thastum, M 2019, 'Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescent anxiety: Predictors of treatment response', Internet Interventions, vol. 15, pp. 116-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2019.01.003

Holmberg, MJ, Moskowitz, A, Wiberg, S, Grossestreuer, AV, Yankama, T, Witten, L, Perman, SM, Donnino, MW & Andersen, LW 2019, 'Guideline removal of atropine and survival after adult in-hospital cardiac arrest with a non-shockable rhythm', Resuscitation, vol. 137, pp. 69-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.02.002

Højsted, IH 2019, Guidelines for design of didactic sequences utilizing dynamic geometry affordances related to mathematical reasoning competency. in UT Jankvist, M Van den Heuvel-Panhuizen & M Veldhuis (eds), Proceedings of the Eleventh Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education, Utrecht University, Feb 2019, Utrecht, Netherlands.. Freudenthal Group & Freudenthal Institute, Utrecht University and ERME, pp. 2850-2851. <https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02428249/document>

Leander, E-MB , Munk, K & Larsen, PL 2019, 'Guidelines for Preventing Child Sexual Abuse and Wrongful Allegations against Staff at Danish Childcare Facilities', Societies, vol. 9, no. 42, 42, pp. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc9020042

Brilakis, ES, Mashayekhi, K, Tsuchikane, E, Rafeh, NA, Alaswad, K, Araya, M, Avran, A, Azzalini, L, Babunashvili, AM, Bayani, B, Bhindi, R, Boudou, N, Boukhris, M, Bozinovic, NZ, Bryniarski, L, Bufe, A, Buller, CE, Burke, N, Buettner, HJ, Cardoso, P, Carlino, M, Christiansen, EH, Colombo, A, Croce, K, Damas de los Santos, F, De Martini, T, Dens, J, Di Mario, C, Dou, K, Egred, M, ElGuindy, AM, Escaned, J, Furkalo, S, Gagnor, A, Galassi, AR, Garbo, R, Ge, J, Goel, PK, Goktekin, O, Grancini, L, Grantham, JA, Hanratty, C, Harb, S, Harding, SA, Henriques, JPS, Hill, JM, Jaffer, FA, Jang, Y, Jussila, R, Kalnins, A, Kalyanasundaram, A, Kandzari, DE, Kao, H-L, Karmpaliotis, D, Kassem, HH, Knaapen, P, Kornowski, R, Krestyaninov, O, Kumar, AVG, Laanmets, P, Lamelas, P, Lee, S-W, Lefevre, T, Li, Y, Lim, S-T, Lo, S, Lombardi, W, McEntegart, M, Munawar, M, Navarro Lecaro, JA, Ngo, HM, Nicholson, W, Olivecrona, GK, Padilla, L, Postu, M, Quadros, A, Hanna Quesada, F, Rao, VSP, Reifart, N, Saghatelyan, M, Santiago, R, Sianos, G, Smith, E, Spratt, JC, Stone, GW, Strange, JW, Tammam, K, Ungi, I, Vo, M, Vu Hoang Vu, C, Walsh, S, Werner, GS, Wolimuth, JR, Wu, EB, Wyman, RM, Xu, B, Yamane, M, Ybarra, LF, Yeh, RW, Zhang, Q & Rinfret, S 2019, 'Guiding Principles for Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention A Global Expert Consensus Document', Circulation, vol. 140, no. 5, pp. 420-433. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.039797

Ely, CS & Smets, BF 2019, 'Guild Composition of Root-Associated Bacteria Changes with Increased Soil Contamination', Microbial Ecology, vol. 78, no. 5, pp. 416-427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-019-01326-6

Levison, LS , Thomsen, RW , Christensen, DH , Mellemkjær, T, Sindrup, SH & Andersen, H 2019, 'Guillain-Barré syndrome in Denmark: Validation of diagnostic codes and a population-based nationwide study of the incidence in a 30-year period', Clinical epidemiology, vol. 11, pp. 275-283. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S199839

Al-Hakem, H, Sindrup, SH, Andersen, H, de la Cour, CD, Lassen, LL, van den Berg, B, Jacobs, BC & Harbo, T 2019, 'Guillain-Barré syndrome in Denmark: a population-based study on epidemiology, diagnosis and clinical severity', Journal of Neurology, vol. 266, no. 2, pp. 440-449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-018-9151-x

Dickenson, CP 2019, 'Guillaume Biard: La représentation honorifique dans les cités grecques aux époques classique et hellénistique.', Sehepunkte, vol. 19, no. 9.

Edelenbos, M & Holthusen, HHF 2019, 'Gummiråd i æbler kan spottes', Gartner Tidende, vol. 135, no. 7, pp. 44-45.

Sørensen, KE 2019, Gun jumping: ny dom om forbuddet mod præimplementering af fusioner. in HS Birkmose, M Neville & KE Sørensen (eds), Selskaber - Aktielle emner II. Djøf Forlag, Kbh., pp. 341-361.

Ren, S, Hui, Y, Goericke-Pesch, S, Pankratova, S, Kot, W, Pan, X, Thymann, T, Sangild, PT & Nguyen, DN 2019, 'Gut and immune effects of bioactive milk factors in preterm pigs exposed to prenatal inflammation', American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, vol. 317, no. 1, pp. G67-G77. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00042.2019

Zhang, J, Lacroix, C, Wortmann, E, Ruscheweyh, H-J, Sunagawa, S, Sturla, SJ & Schwab, C 2019, 'Gut microbial beta-glucuronidase and glycerol/diol dehydratase activity contribute to dietary heterocyclic amine biotransformation', BMC Microbiology, vol. 19, no. 1, 99. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-019-1483-x

Thomas, M, Wongkuna, S, Ghimire, S, Kumar, R, Antony, L, Doerner, KC, Singery, A, Nelson, E, Woyengo, T, Chankhamhaengdecha, S, Janvilisri, T & Scaria, J 2019, 'Gut Microbial Dynamics during Conventionalization of Germfree Chicken', mSphere, vol. 4, no. 2, e00035-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00035-19

Mullins, N, Bigdeli, TB, Børglum, AD, Coleman, JRI, Demontis, D, Mehta, D, Power, RA, Ripke, S, Stahl, EA, Starnawska, A, Anjorin, A, Corvin, A, Sanders, AR, Forstner, AJ, Reif, A, Koller, AC, Tkowska, BS, Baune, BT, Müller-Myhsok, B, Penninx, BWJH, Pato, C, Zai, C, Rujescu, D, Hougaard, DM, Quested, D, Levinson, DF, Binder, EB, Byrne, EM, Agerbo, E, Streit, F, Mayoral, F, Bellivier, F, Degenhardt, F, Breen, G, Morken, G, Turecki, G, Rouleau, GA, Grabe, HJ, Völzke, H, Jones, I, Giegling, I, Agartz, I, Melle, I, Lawrence, J, Walters, JTR, Strohmaier, J, Shi, J, Mors, O , Mortensen, PB , Hansen, T & Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Bipolar Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium 2019, 'GWAS of suicide attempt in psychiatric disorders and association with major depression polygenic risk scores', American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 176, no. 8, pp. 651-660. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18080957

Alves, AC, De Silva, NMG, Karhunen, V, Sovio, U, Das, S, Rob Taal, H, Warrington, NM, Lewin, AM, Kaakinen, M, Cousminer, DL, Thiering, E, Timpson, NJ, Bond, TA, Lowry, E, Brown, CD, Estivill, X, Lindi, V, Bradfield, JP, Geller, F, Speed, D, Coin, LJM, Loh, M, Barton, SJ, Beilin, LJ, Bisgaard, H, Bønnelykke, K, Alili, R, Hatoum, IJ, Schramm, K, Cartwright, R, Charles, MA, Salerno, V, Clément, K, Claringbould, AAJ, BIOS Consortium, Van Duijn, CM, Moltchanova, E, Eriksson, JG, Elks, C, Feenstra, B, Flexeder, C, Franks, S, Frayling, TM, Freathy, RM, Elliott, P, Widén, E, Hakonarson, H, Hattersley, AT, Rodriguez, A, Banterle, M, Heinrich, J & Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium 2019, 'GWAS on longitudinal growth traits reveals different genetic factors influencing infant, child, and adult BMI', Science Advances, vol. 5, no. 9, eaaw3095. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw3095

Chu, TT , Rome, HJS , Norberg, E, Marois, D, Henshall, J & Jensen, J 2019, 'GxE interactions of body weight for broilers raised in bio-secure and commercial environments', Abstract from 70th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science EAAP 2019, Ghent, Belgium, Ghent, Belgium, 26/08/2019 - 30/08/2019.

Bang, UK & Forman, A 2019, Gynækologiske og obstetriske smerter. in M Werner, N Finnerup & L Arendt-Nielsen (eds), Smerter: baggrund, evidens og behandling. 4. edn, FADL's Forlag, København, pp. 210-225.

Chuang, K-J, Fedoseev, G, Qasim, D, Ioppolo, S, van Dishoeck, EF, Jäger, C, Henning, T & Linnartz, H 2019, H2 photochemistry in interstellar ices:The formation of HCO in UV irradiated CO:H2 ice mixtures. in H2 photochemistry in interstellar ices:The formation of HCO in UV irradiated CO:H2 ice mixtures. vol. 350, pp. 404-405. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743921319009670

Olesen, TB 2019, 'Haakon Ikonomou, Aurelie Andry & Rebecca Byberg (eds.) European Enlargement Across Rounds and Beyond Borders', Journal of European Integration History, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 309-311.

Pavon-Jordan, D, Clausen, P, Dagys, M, Devos, K, Encarnacao, V, Fox, AD, Frost, T, Gaudard, C, Hornman, M, Keller, V, Langendoen, T, Lawicki, L, Lewis, LJ, Lorentsen, S-H, Luigujoe, L, Meissner, W, Molina, B, Musil, P, Musilova, Z, Nilsson, L, Paquet, J-Y, Ridzon, J, Stipniece, A, Teufelbauer, N, Wahl, J, Zenatello, M & Lehikoinen, A 2019, 'Habitat- and species-mediated short- and long-term distributional changes in waterbird abundance linked to variation in European winter weather', Diversity and Distributions, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 225-239. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12855

Stæhr, PA , Göke, C , Holbach, AM , Krause-Jensen, D , Timmermann, K , Upadhyay, S & Ørberg, SB 2019, 'Habitat model of eelgrass in Danish coastal waters: Development, validation and management perspectives', Frontiers in Marine Science, vol. 6, 175. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00175

Johansson, LS, Jakobsen, TS, Fredshavn, JR & Friis, AB 2019, 'Habitatnaturtyper i søer', Ferskvandssymposium 2019, Odense, Denmark, 28/01/2019 - 29/01/2019.

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Lise Refstrup Linnebjerg Pedersen