Exosomes

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types in vitro. Cells continuously secrete a large number of microvesicles, exosomes and small molecules into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been shown to contain mRNA and miRNA and they are able to mediate communication between cells, by transport of RNA and proteins which can be functionalized in the recipient cell. The ability to transport bioactive cargoes, gives exosomes innate therapeutic potential as a natural drug carrier. Efficient techniques for loading drugs into exosomes to utilize the natural carrier capabilities of these vesicles remains to be elucidated.

Applications of Exosomes

The presence exosomes in blood, saliva, and urine paves the way for the possible application of exosomes as a diagnostic marker for diseases. Many diseases are difficult to detect by the methods and equipment available today and there is a growing demand for development of new non‐invasive methods to detect diseases in early stages. The use of exosomes as markers of disease is being investigated to cement their potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of many diseases, in particular cancers. This, however, relies on thorough characterisation of exosomes in both healthy and diseased states

An important factor to understanding the roles of exosomes is knowledge of their biodistribution. Currently, the number of publications describing the biodistribution of exosomes is limited. The main reason being the lack of a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo. Mapping the specific cell type derived exosomes can increase our knowledge on the roles of exosomes in the organism, as well as help to identify natural targeting systems.

Isolation, Characterisation and Fluorescent Labelling

The most common isolation protocol uses a differential centrifugation to fractionate cells, microvesicles, and exosomes, which are pelleted by ultracentrifugation. After vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, it difficult to separate the different subpopulations of vesicles to obtain a pure sample. We have developed methods to optimise isolation and thorough characterisation procedures to obtain pure and well-characterised exosomes. Furthermore, we have developed a simple method for labelling of exosomes with a robust fluorescent label that can be visualised in vivo, allowing investigation of the biodistribution of different cell derived exosomes.

Collaborators:

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Dan Peer, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Moein Moghimi, school of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK

Recent Publications

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Garnsworthy, PC, Difford, GF, Bell, MJ, Bayat, AR, Huhtanen, P, Kuhla, B, Lassen, J, Peiren, N, Pszczola, M, Sorg, D, Visker, MHPW & Yan, T 2019, 'Comparison of methods to measure methane for use in genetic evaluation of dairy cattle', Animals, vol. 9, no. 10, 837. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9100837

Weitoft, M, Müller, C, Åhrman, E, Bjermer, L, Hoffmann, HJ, Erjefält, J & Westergren-Thorsson, G 2019, 'Comparison of normal and metaplastic epithelium in patients with stable versus persistently symptomatic severe asthma using laser-capture microdissection and data-independent acquisition-mass spectrometry', The American Journal of Pathology, vol. 189, no. 12, pp. 2358-2365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.08.003

Østergaard Mariager, C , Søvsø Szocska Hansen, E , Bech, SK , Munk, A , Lyhne, MD, Søberg, K, Nielsen, PF, Ringgaard, S & Laustsen, C 2019, 'Comparison of perfusion markers in the ex-vivo perfused porcine kidney: hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate versus gold standard 1H DCE MRI', ESMRMB 2019, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 03/10/2019 - 05/10/2019.

Smith, T, Muller, DC, Moons, KGM, Cross, AJ, Johansson, M, Ferrari, P, Fagherazzi, G, Peeters, PHM, Severi, G, Hüsing, A, Kaaks, R, Tjonneland, A, Olsen, A , Overvad, K, Bonet, C, Rodriguez-Barranco, M, Huerta, JM, Barricarte Gurrea, A, Bradbury, KE, Trichopoulou, A, Bamia, C, Orfanos, P, Palli, D, Pala, V, Vineis, P, Bueno-de-Mesquita, B, Ohlsson, B, Harlid, S, Van Guelpen, B, Skeie, G, Weiderpass, E, Jenab, M, Murphy, N, Riboli, E, Gunter, MJ, Aleksandrova, KJ & Tzoulaki, I 2019, 'Comparison of prognostic models to predict the occurrence of colorectal cancer in asymptomatic individuals: a systematic literature review and external validation in the EPIC and UK Biobank prospective cohort studies', Gut, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 672-683. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315730

O'Connor, M , Lasgaard, M, Larsen, L, Johannsen, M , Lundorff, M , Farver-Vestergaard, I & Boelen, PA 2019, 'Comparison of proposed diagnostic criteria for pathological grief using a sample of elderly bereaved spouses in Denmark: Perspectives on future bereavement research', Journal of Affective Disorders, vol. 251, no. May, pp. 52-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.056

Stabel, HH , Nielsen, JF, Heiberg, GA, Pedersen, SG, Røe, C & Anke, A 2019, 'Comparison of rehabilitation following stroke in two study areas in the Central Region of Denmark and the Northern Region of Norway.', European Stroke Journal, vol. 4, no. 15. <https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2396987319845581>

Pedersen, AB , Heide-Jørgensen, U , Sørensen, HT, Prieto-Alhambra, D & Ehrenstein, V 2019, 'Comparison of Risk of Osteoporotic Fracture in Denosumab vs Alendronate Treatment Within 3 Years of Initiation', JAMA Network Open, vol. 2, no. 4, e192416, pp. e192416. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.2416

Aasbjerg, K, Mortensen, PE, Nørgaard, MA, Rytgaard, HC, Gerds, TA, Søgaard, P, Torp-Pedersen, C, Mortensen, RN, Bagge, BJ, Køber, L & Nielsen, PH 2019, 'Comparison of Survival After Aortic Valve Replacement With Mitroflow or Perimount Prostheses', Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 350-358. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semtcvs.2018.11.016

Castellano, D , Macià, MC , Tataru, P , Bataillon, T & Munch, K 2019, 'Comparison of the Full Distribution of Fitness Effects of New Amino Acid Mutations Across Great Apes', Genetics, vol. 213, no. 3, pp. 953-966. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.119.302494

Pessi, PJ, Folatelli, G, Anderson, JP, Bersten, M, Burns, C, Contreras, C , Davis, S, Englert, B, Hamuy, M, Hsiao, EY, Martinez, L, Morrell, N, Phillips, MM, Suntzeff, N & Stritzinger, MD 2019, 'Comparison of the optical light curves of hydrogen-rich and hydrogen-poor type II supernovae', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 488, no. 3, pp. 4239-4257. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1855

Jensen, LO, Maeng, M, Raungaard, B, Engstrøm, T, Hansen, HS, Jensen, SE, Bøtker, HE , Kahlert, J , Lassen, JF & Christiansen, EH 2019, 'Comparison of the polymer-free biolimus-coated BioFreedom stent with the thin-strut biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting Orsiro stent in an all-comers population treated with percutaneous coronary intervention: Rationale and design of the randomized SORT OUT IX trial', American Heart Journal, vol. 213, pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2019.02.017

Pedro, J, Frederiksen, Y, Schmidt, L, Ingerslev, HJ , Zachariae, R & Martins, MV 2019, 'Comparison of three infertility-specific measures in men and women going through assisted reproductive technology treatment', Journal of Health Psychology, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 738-749. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316678669

Juul, MØØ , Olsen, P , Balling, O, Amador, S & Brincker, R 2019, Comparison of two (geometric) algorithms for auto OMA. in M Mains & BJ Dilworth (eds), Topics in Modal Analysis and Testing, Volume 9 - Proceedings of the 36th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2018: Proceedings of the 36th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2018. vol. 9, Springer, Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series, no. 9, pp. 65-68, 36th Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, Orlando, Florida, United States, 12/02/2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74700-2_7

Jensen, CS , Olesen, HV , Aagaard, H , Svendsen, MLO & Kirkegaard, H 2019, 'Comparison of Two Pediatric Early Warning Systems: A Randomized Trial', Journal of Pediatric Nursing, vol. 44, pp. e58-e65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2018.11.001

Barbosa, AD, Lim, K, Mari, M, Edgar, JR, Gal, L, Sterk, P, Jenkins, BJ, Koulman, A, Savage, DB, Schuldiner, M, Reggiori, F, Wigge, PA & Siniossoglou, S 2019, 'Compartmentalized Synthesis of Triacylglycerol at the Inner Nuclear Membrane Regulates Nuclear Organization', Developmental Cell, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 755-766.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2019.07.009

Pfattheicher, S, Sassenrath, C & Keller, J 2019, 'Compassion magnifies third-party punishment', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 117, no. 1, pp. 124-141. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000165

Højgaard, T & Sølberg, J 2019, 'Competencies and curricula: Two case stories of two-dimensional curriculum development', European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 50-60.

Højgaard, T & Sølberg, J 2019, 'Competencies and Curricula: Danish Experiences with a Twodimensional Approach', Paper presented at Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education, Utrecht, Netherlands, 06/02/2019 - 10/02/2019 pp. 4397-4404. <http://www.mathematik.tu-dortmund.de/~prediger/ERME/CERME11_Proceedings_2019.pdf>

Højgaard, T 2019, Competencies and Textbook Development: A Three-dimensional Content Model Enacted in the Danish Textbook Series Matematrix for Grades k-9. in S Rezat, L Fan, M Hattermann, J Schumacher & H Wuschke (eds), Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Mathematics Textbook Research and Development 16-19 September 2019 Paderborn, Germany. Universitätsbibliothek Paderborn, Paderborn, pp. 197-202, Third International Conference on Mathematics Textbook Research and Development, Paderborn, Germany, 16/09/2019. <http://dx.doi.org/10.17619/UNIPB/1-768>

Jørgensen, PEF 2019, 'Competing Discourses: The Losses and Gains of Brexit', Discourse & Society.

Lindén, E 2019, 'Competition Economics and Damage Estimation – Empirical Theory and Practice', Aarhus.

Ruusuvuori, J, Asmuß, B, Henttonen, P & Ravaja, N 2019, 'Complaining about others at work', Research on Language and Social Interaction, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 41-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2019.1572379

Muller, HH 2019, 'Complementarity and division of labour between endo- and exocentric languages: The case of Danish and Spanish', Multilingualism. From languages to speaks, uses and people., Bergen, Norway, 14/10/2019 - 15/10/2019 pp. 5. <https://www.uib.no/sites/w3.uib.no/files/attachments/abstracts_momm_seminar_14-15_oct_2019_1.pdf>

Sah-Teli, SK, Hynonen, MJ, Schmitz, W, Geraets, JA, Seitsonen, J, Pedersen, JS, Butcher, SJ, Wierenga, RK & Venkatesan, R 2019, 'Complementary substrate specificity and distinct quaternary assembly of the Escherichia coli aerobic and anaerobic beta-oxidation trifunctional enzyme complexes', Biochemical Journal, vol. 476, no. 13, pp. 1975-1994. https://doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20190314

Kuyper, J & Wolkenstein, F 2019, 'Complementing and Correcting Representative Institutions: When and How to Use Mini-Publics', European Journal of Political Research, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 656-675. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12306

Glerup, M , Thiel, S, Rypdal, V, Arnstad, ED, Ekelund, M, Peltoniemi, S, Aalto, K, Rygg, M, Nielsen, S, Fasth, A, Berntson, L, Nordal, E & Herlin, T 2019, 'Complement lectin pathway protein levels reflect disease activity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A longitudinal study of the Nordic JIA cohort', Pediatric Rheumatology , vol. 17, no. 1, 63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12969-019-0367-9

Troldborg, A, Voss, A, Hansen, SWK, Jensenius, JC , Stengaard-Pedersen, K & Thiel, S 2019, 'Complement Protein CL-K1 at High Concentrations Protects Against the Development of Lupus Nephritis', Arthritis & Rheumatology, vol. 71, no. suppl.10, 2895. <https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/complement-protein-cl-k1-at-high-concentrations-protects-against-the-development-of-lupus-nephritis/>

Glerup, M , Thiel, S, Rypdal, V, Arnstad, ED, Ekelund, M, Peltoniemi, S, Aalto, K, Berntson, L, Nordal, E & Herlin, T 2019, 'Complement Protein Levels Reflect Disease Activity in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis', Arthritis & Rheumatology, vol. No 787.

Kandel, T , Lærke, PE , Hoffmann, CC & Elsgaard, L 2019, 'Complete annual CO2, CH4, and N2O balance of a temperate riparian wetland 12 years after rewetting', Ecological Engineering, vol. 127, pp. 527-535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.12.019

Sher, S, Rehman, A, Hansen, LH & Nielsen, TK 2019, 'Complete Genome Sequences of Highly Arsenite-Resistant Bacteria Brevibacterium sp. Strain CS2 and Micrococcus luteus AS2', Microbiology Resource Announcements, vol. 8, no. 31, e00531-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00531-19

Lyster, C, Kristensen, LH , Prag, J & Jensen, A 2019, 'Complete genome sequences of two isolates of fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. Funduliforme, obtained from blood from patients with lemierre’s syndrome', Microbiology Resource Announcements, vol. 8, no. 4, e01577-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01577-18

Eriksen, J, Glavind-Kristensen, M & Guldberg, R 2019, 'Complete labial fusion in a postmenopausal woman: unusual cause of urinary symptoms', International Urogynecology Journal, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 331-333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-018-3770-8

Mathiesen, JS, Kroustrup, JP, Vestergaard, P, Stochholm, K , Poulsen, PL, Rasmussen, ÅK, Feldt-Rasmussen, U, Schytte, S , Londero, SC, Pedersen, HB, Hahn, CH, Bentzen, J, Möller, S, Gaustadnes, M, Rossing, M, Nielsen, FC, Brixen, K, Frederiksen, AL, Godballe, C & Danish Thyroid Cancer Group (DATHYRCA) 2019, 'Completeness of RET testing in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma in Denmark 1997-2013: a nationwide study', Clinical epidemiology, vol. 11, pp. 93-99. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S183268

Heine, C & Shih, C 2019, 'Completing the loop of experiential learning in translator training: Self-inquiry and knowledge creation'.

Dovgaliuk, I, Møller, KT, Robeyns, K, Louppe, V, Jensen, TR & Filinchuk, Y 2019, 'Complexation of Ammonia Boranes with Al ³⁺', Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 4753-4760. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02630

Liu, L , Grombacher, DJ , Auken, E & Larsen, JJ 2019, 'Complex envelope retrieval for surface nuclear magnetic resonance data using spectral analysis', Geophysical Journal International, vol. 217, no. 2, pp. 894-905. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz068

Milanese, C, Jensen, TR, Hauback, BC, Pistidda, C, Dornheim, M, Yang, H, Lombardo, L, Zuettel, A, Filinchuk, Y, Ngene, P, de Jongh, PE, Buckley, CE, Dematteis, EM & Baricco, M 2019, 'Complex hydrides for energy storage', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 44, no. 15, pp. 7860-7874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.11.208

Jørgensen, M 2019, 'Complex Metal Hydrides as Energy Storage Materials'.

Buongiorno, J, Herbert, LC, Wehrmann, LM, Michaud, AB , Laufer, K , Røy, H , Jørgensen, BB, Szynkiewicz, A, Faiia, A, Yeager, KM, Schindler, K & Lloyd, KG 2019, 'Complex Microbial Communities Drive Iron and Sulfur Cycling in Arctic Fjord Sediments', Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 85, no. 14, 00949-19, pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00949-19

Knudsen, L , Terkelsen, AJ, Drummond, PD & Birklein, F 2019, 'Complex regional pain syndrome: a focus on the autonomic nervous system', Clinical Autonomic Research, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 457-467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-019-00612-0

Terkelsen, AJ & Biering-Sørensen, B 2019, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. in Smerter. Baggrund, evidens og behandling. 4 edn, vol. 1, FADL's Forlag, København, DK, pp. 12-25.

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Kulik, T , Tran-Jørgensen, PWV & Boudjadar, J 2019, Compliance verification of a cyber security standard for Cloud-connected SCADA. in Global IoT Summit, GIoTS 2019 - Proceedings., 8766363, IEEE, Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS) , Aarhus, Denmark, 17/06/2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/GIOTS.2019.8766363

Kiil, RMØ, Rasmussen, BSB, Halekoh, U, Langfeldt, S , Mafi, HM & Graumann, O 2019, 'Complication Incidences and Treatment Outcomes of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair—A Single-Center Long-Time Follow-Up Study', Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 458-463. https://doi.org/10.1177/1538574419855886

Krogh, K & Fedder, AM 2019, 'Complications during the Management of Dislocated Tracheostomy Cannula', Case Reports in Critical Care, vol. 2019, 5346262. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5346262

Haraguchi, L , Asmala, E , Jakobsen, H & Carstensen, J 2019, 'Composition of natural phytoplankton community has minor effects on autochthonous dissolved organic matter characteristics', Marine Biology Research, vol. 15, no. 4-6, pp. 357-375. https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2019.1662449

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Jensen, AB , Haubek, D, Claesson, R, Johansson, A & Nørskov-Lauritsen, N 2019, 'Comprehensive antimicrobial susceptibility testing of a large collection of clinical strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans does not identify resistance to amoxicillin', Journal of Clinical Periodontology, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 846-854. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13148

Yang, M, Rajeeve, K, Rudel, T & Dandekar, T 2019, 'Comprehensive Flux Modeling of Chlamydia trachomatis Proteome and qRT-PCR Data Indicate Biphasic Metabolic Differences Between Elementary Bodies and Reticulate Bodies During Infection', Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 10, 2350. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02350

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